• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2011

Previous work demonstrated that an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix markedly inhibits $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to further verify the neuroprotective effect of HS0608 on oxidative and ischemic cerebral injury using cultured rat cortical neurons and rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $100\;{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $10-100{\mu}g/ml$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $H_2O_2$ in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, HS0608 prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct and edema were significantly reduced in rats that received HS0608 (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that the anti-oxidative properties of HS0608 may be responsible for its neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemic injury and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2014

Creep phenomenon at the scale of bone tissue (small specimens) is known to be present and demonstrated for low strains. Here creep is demonstrated on a pair of fresh-frozen human femurs at the organ level at high strains. Under a constant displacement applied on femur's head, surface strains at the upper neck location increase with time until fracture, that occurs within 7-13 seconds. The monotonic increase in strains provides evidence on damage accumulation in the interior (probably damage to the trabeculae) prior to final fracture, a fact that hints on probable damage of the trabecular bone that occurs prior to the catastrophic fracture of the cortical surface layer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 2010

Ginsenoside $Rg_3$ ($Rg_3$), one of the active ingredients in Panax ginseng, attenuates NMDA receptor-mediated currents in vitro and antagonizes NMDA receptors through a glycine modulatory site in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. In the present study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ on 24-hydroxycholesterol (24-OH-chol)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. The results showed that $Rg_3$ treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibited 24-OH-chol-induced cell death in rat cultured cortical neurons, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $28.7{\pm}7.5\;{\mu}m$. Furthermore, the $Rg_3$ treatment not only significantly reduced DNA damage, but also dose-dependently attenuated 24-OH-chol-induced caspase-3 activity. To study the mechanisms underlying the in vitro neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ against 25-OH-chol-induced cytotoxicity, we also examined the effect of $Rg_3$ on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ elevations in cultured neurons and found that $Rg_3$ treatment dose-dependently inhibited increases in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $40.37{\pm}12.88\;{\mu}m$. Additionally, $Rg_3$ treatment dose-dependently inhibited apoptosis with an $IC_{50}$ of $47.3{\pm}14.2\;{\mu}m$. Finally, after confirming the protective effect of $Rg_3$ using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, we found that $Rg_3$ is an active component in ginseng-mediated neuroprotection. These results collectively indicate that $Rg_3$-induced neuroprotection against 24-OH-chol in rat cortical neurons might be achieved via inhibition of a 24-OH-chol-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ channel. This is the first report to employ cortical neurons to study the neuroprotective effects of $Rg_3$ against 24-OH-chol. In conclusion, $Rg_3$ was effective for protecting cells against 24-OH-chol-induced cytotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. This protective ability makes $Rg_3$ a promising agent in pathologies implicating neurodegeneration such as apoptosis or neuronal cell death.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국약용작물학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.292-293
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.746-752
• /
• 1985

A retrospective clinical observation was made of 40 patients with postoperative cerebral dysfunction among 2634 patients who underwent open-heart operations in Severance Hospital. Yonsei University between 1962, the year the first successful open heart operation was done, and June 1985. Suspected causes of brain damage were reviewed. Brain CT findings were evaluated in 24 patients. There were 15 cerebral infarcts, 4 intracerebral bleedings, 3 ischemic brain damages, 1 infarction with intracerebral hemorrhage and 1 diffuse cortical atrophy from unknown cause. The most frequent site of cerebral infarction was the middle cerebral artery area with no predilection on the right of left.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.199.1-199.1
• /
• 2003

Ischemia-induced changes in protein expression may provide important insights into the mechanisms of cellular damage and their potential recovery. In the present study, to investigate protein patterns changed in ischemic condition, the cortical and striatal tissue samples from the permanent and transient ischemic rat brain obtained by middle cerebral occlusion were analysed by proteomic approchese using 20-PAGE and MALOI-MS. (omitted)

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a simple and accurate finite element model coupled to quasi-brittle damage law able to describe the multiple cracks initiation and their progressive propagation is developed in order to predict the complete force-displacement curve and the fracture pattern of human proximal femur under quasi-static load. The motivation of this work was to propose a simple and practical FE model with a good compromise between complexity and accuracy of the simulation considering a limited number of model parameters that can predict proximal femur fracture more accurately and physically than the fracture criteria based models. Different damage laws for cortical and trabecular bone are proposed based on experimental results to describe the inelastic damage accumulation under the excessive load. When the damage parameter reaches its critical value inside an element of the mesh, its stiffness matrix is set to zero leading to the redistribution of the stress state in the vicinity of the fractured zone (crack initiation). Once a crack is initiated, the propagation direction is simulated by the propagation of the broken elements of the mesh. To illustrate the potential of the proposed approach, the left femur of a male (age 61) previously investigated by Keyak and Falkinstein, 2003 (Model B: male, age 61) was simulated till complete fracture under one-legged stance quasi-static load. The proposed finite element model leads to more realistic and precise results concerning the shape of the force-displacement curve (yielding and fracturing) and the profile of the fractured edge.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to review the limb apraxia. It includes the evaluation and neurophysiological aspects for limb apraxia. Limb apraxia comprised a wide spectrum of higher-order motor disorders that results from acquired brain disease affecting the performance of skilled and/or learned movements with the forelimbs and is a common sequela of left brain damage that consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or to imitation. There are two forms in limb apraxia; ideational apraxia and ideomotor apraxia. A assessment of limb apraxia typically includes pantomiming and imitation of transitive, intransitive, and meaningless gestures. Limb apraxia has been attributed to damage confined to the cerebral cortex, cortico-cortical connecting pathways, and basal ganglia.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.265-268
• /
• 2023

Ankle fractures with syndesmotic injuries often require fixation, where metal screw fixation is a popular method. However, as the patient begins weight-bearing, most syndesmotic screws tend to loosen or break, and removal of such screws has been challenging for the surgeons, as the available techniques require predrilling or trephination and are associated with risks of bone damage. This study presents a case with technical tip for the removal of broken tricortical-fixed non-cannulated syndesmotic screws. It implements the generation of a small cortical window in the medial distal tibia and the use of pliers to engage the screw tip and remove through the medial side. The technique presented in the current study overcomes these limitations and facilitates minimal bone damage and reduced exposure to radiation.