• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.687-694
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• 2003

Purpose : Regeneration and repair after ischemic renal injury appears to be modulated by circulating or locally produced growth factors. This study examined the changes of serum insulin like growth factor(IGF-I) and renal expression of IGF-I and II, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$($TGF-{\beta}$), and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) during the active regeneration period after acute ischemic injury. Methods : Sera and kidney tissue samples(whole kidney, cortex, outer medullae and inner medullae) were obtained before and after one, three, five and seven days of 40 minutes bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Acute renal failure was assessed by measuring the concentration of serum creatinine. Serum IGF-I level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA expression in kidney was measured by RT-PCR. The distribution of IGF-I and CTGF was detected by immunohistochemistry. Resuts : Serum IGF-I concentration after one day following acute ischemic renal injury was significantly decreased compared to preischemic value. The mRNA levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, $TGF-{\beta}1$ and VEGF in whole kidney were temporally decreased on day one of ischemic injury. IGF-I and IGF-II expressions in outer medullae were significantly decreased on day one after ischemic injury. $TGF-{\beta}1$, CTGF and VEGF expressions were markedly decreased in medullae after one day of ischemic injury compared to other kidney sections. IGF-I was markedly decreased in cortical tubules on day one of uremic rat. CTGF was markedly increased on tubule within three days of ischemic injury. Conclusion : These findings suggest that IGFs, $TGF-{\beta}1$ and CTGF may involve in the pathogenesis or the recovery from acute ischemic renal injury.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.190-199
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find out a clinically appliable method to insert a biodegradable solid material containing holmium-166-chitosan complex into the surgical field, and to evaluate the histological changes in the normal tissues after ${\beta}$ -ray irradiation from holmium-166 according to the dose, period and type of tissues. Materials and Methods: 3.0 mCi, 50 ${\mu}l$ of the liquid state $^{166}$Ho-chitosan complex was attached to the absorbable gelatin sponge. The radiation activity measured by dose caliberator was 1.5 mCi. These $^{166}$Ho-chitosan complex containing absorbable gelatin sponges were inserted into the thigh muscles and over the femur bones of the Wistar rats. The cases were evaluated at 2 weeks after insertion, and 4, 6 weeks with respect to the histological changes of the soft tissues and bone, the depth of the tissue necrosis, and the changes of the $^{166}$Ho-chitosan complex containing absorbable gelatin sponges. Results: At 2 weeks, the muscles showed coagulation necrosis, degenerating myocytes, regenerating myocytes, intermuscular edema, and inflammatory cells. The necrosis depth was 3.3 mm. In the bones, there was no osteocyte in the lacuna of cortex (empty lacuna), marrow fibrosis, inflammation. The necrosis depth was 2.9 mm. At 4 weeks, in the muscle, calcification and increased fibrosis with necrosis depth by 3.3 mm were the additional findings. In the bone, marrow fibrosis with necrosis depth by 3.3 mm were detected. At 6 weeks, soft tissue shrinkage, increased fibrosis and granulation tissue formation, and nearly resolving inflammatory reaction were the findings. Conclusion: The local application of the $^{166}$Ho-chitosan complex attached to biodegradable gelatin material with surgery in the laboratory animals resulted in no mortality and morbidity, and satisfactory tissue necrosis. Holmium-166 can be applied to the treatment of the malignant tumor patients.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1992

The pathophysiology of developmental language disorder is a highly controversial matter. In order to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in developmental language disorders, the authors studied three dimensional regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) using Tc-99mH-MPAO in 42 children with developmental language disorders. The results are summarized as follows : 1) 61.9% (26/42) of this series revealed decreased perfusion in SPECT. 2) Regions of hypoperfusion were seen in cerebral cortex(47.6%, 20/42), thalamus(33.3%, 14/42), basal ganglia(11.9%, 5/42) and cerebellum(7.1%, 3/42). This study suggests that developmental language disorder could be due to specific functional impairment of the local brain regions which could not detected by conventional investigations such as brain CT or EEG.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-31
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• 2016

Purpose $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan is a test for the comparison of the function by imaging the parenchyma of the kidneys by the cortex of a kidney and by computing the intake ratio of radiation by the left and right kidney. Since the distance between the kidneys and the bladder is not far given the bodily structure of an infant, the bladder is included in the examination domain. Research was carried out with the presumption that counts of bladder would impart an influence on the kidneys at the time of this renal scan. In consideration of the special feature that only a trace amount of a RI is injected in a pediatric examination, research on the method of injection was also carried out concurrently. Materials and Methods With 34 infants aged between 1 month to 12 months for whom a $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan was implemented on the subjects, a Post IMAGE was acquired in accordance with the test time after having injected the same quantity of DMSA of 0.5mCi. Then, after having acquired an additional image by shielding the bladder by using a circular lead plate for comparison purposes, a comparison was made by illustrating the percentile of (Lt. Kidney counts + Rt. Kidney counts)/ Total counts, by drawing the same sized ROI (length of 55.2mm X width of 70.0mm). In addition, in the format of a 3-way stopcock, a Heparin cap and direct injection into the patient were performed in accordance with RI injection methods. The differences in the count changes in accordance with each of the methods were compared by injecting an additional 2cc of saline into the 3-way stopcock and Heparin cap. Results The image prior to shielding of the bladder displayed a kidney intake rate with a deviation of $70.9{\pm}3.18%$ while the image after the shielding of the bladder displayed a kidney intake rate with a deviation of $79.4{\pm}5.19%$, thereby showing approximately 6.5~8.5% of difference. In terms of the injection method, the method that used the 3-way form, a deviation of $68.9{\pm}2.80%$ prior to the shielding and a deviation of $78.1{\pm}5.14%$ after the shielding were displayed. In the method of using a Heparin cap, a deviation of $71.3{\pm}5.14%$ prior to the shielding and a deviation of $79.8{\pm}3.26%$ after the shielding were displayed. Lastly, in the method of direct injection into the patient, a deviation of $75.1{\pm}4.30%$ prior to the shielding and a deviation of $82.1{\pm}2.35%$ after the shielding were displayed, thereby illustrating differences in the kidney intake rates in the order of direct injection, a Heparin cap and the 3-way methods. Conclusion Since a substantially minute quantity of radiopharmaceuticals is injected for infants in comparison to adults, the cases of having shielded the bladder by removing radiation of the bladder displayed kidney intake rates that are improved from those of the cases of not having shielded the bladder. Although there are difficulties in securing blood vessels, it is deemed that the method of direct injection would be more helpful in acquisition of better images since it displays improved kidney intake rate in comparison to other methods.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 1995

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that most often involves the lungs and central nervous system and, less frequently, the skin, skeletal system, and prostate gland. Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative organism, is a yeastlike round or oval fungus, 4 to $6{\mu}m$ in diameter, which is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and reproduces by budding and found in soil and other environmental areas, especially those contaminated by pigeon droppings. Humans and animals acquire infection after inhalation of aerosolized spores. Condition or factors that predispose to cryptococcosis include corticosteroid therapy, lymphoreticular malignancies, HIV infection, and sarcoidosis etc. We discribed a case of cryptococcosis involving lung and CNS coincidently without specific underlying disease and the literature on subject were reviewed. A fifty-six year-old previously healthy female presented with headache of 3 months of duration. She had no history suggesting immunologic suppression and we could not find any abnormal laboratory findings including blood sugar, serum immunoglobulin and complement level, HIV antibody, and T cell subsets. Chest roentgenogram and CT scan showed a solitary soft tissue mass in LUL with distal pneumonitis. Brain MRI showed granulomatous lesion in cerebellum and parasagittal cortex of right frontal lobe. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic brushing cytology, transthoracic fine needle aspiration, and sputum KOH mount and culture. She was treated 6 weeks course of Amphotericin B and switched to oral fluconazole therapy for 3 months. Her symptoms and X-ray findings were improved gradually and she is now under regular clinical follow up.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2013

This study examined the mechanism of action of a local anesthetic, lidocaine HCl. Energy transfer between the surface fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid, and the hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane, was used to determine the effect of lidocaine HCl on the thickness (D) of the synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMV) isolated from the bovine cerebral cortex, and liposomes of the total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. The thickness (D) of the intact SPMV, SPMVTL and SPMVPL were $1.044{\pm}0.008$, $0.914{\pm}0.005$ and $0.890{\pm}0.003$ (arbitrary units, n=5) at $37^{\circ}C$ (pH 7.4), respectively. Lidocaine HCl decreased the thickness of the neuronal and model membrane lipid bilayers in a dose-dependent manner with a significant decrease in the thickness, even at 0.1 mM. The decreasing effect of lidocaine HCl on the membrane thickness might be responsible for some, but not all of its anesthetic action.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.343-346
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• 2012

Today, According to it widely used that third generation mobile networks service, WCDMA module development technology and its utilization is expanding increasingly and thus to IT Convergence industries is a trend that a lot of appears. This paper, OBD-II communications to bring a vehicle information use and data to an external server transfer and it was developed that vehicle status monitoring from other external devices can be system. From the various sensors inside a vehicle using the OBD-II connector read the information, after converting the user easier to see, WCDMA module using the car status monitoring system to transfer to an external data server was implemented. Developed to test the performance of the system using virtual's state vehicle simulator, which occurs in the real car that will generate the data. It was sent to the OBD-II connector to be occurred data, vehicle status monitoring system was confirmed that Data was received without error. In addition, When this data using WCDMA transmit data to an external server the same data was confirmed that it was received without error. In the future, this technology using the OBD-II vehicle IT convergence technology can be used in a wide range.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify whether pre-conditioning exercise has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, through enhance brain microvascular integrity. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Normal (n=10); 2) Exercise (n=10); 3) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), n=10); 4) Exercise+MCAo (n= 10). Both exercise groups ran on a treadmill at a speed of 15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks, then, MCAo was performed for 90 min. Brain infarction was measured by Nissl staining. Examination of the remaining neuronal cell after MCAo, and microvascular protein expression on the motor cortex, showed the expression of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) & laminin. Results: After 48 hr of MCAo, the infarct volume was significantly reduced in the Ex+MCAo group ($15.6{\pm}2.7%$) compared to the MCAo group ($44.9{\pm}3.8%$) (p<.05), and many neuronal cells were detected in the Ex+ MCAo group ($70.8{\pm}3.9%$) compared to the MCAo group ($43.4{\pm}5.1%$) (p<.05). The immunoreactivity of laminin, as a marker of microvessels and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were intensively increased in the Ex+MCAo group compared to the MCAo group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of exercise pre-conditioning reduce ischemic brain injury through strengthening the microvascular integrity after cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.191-212
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• 2000

Objective: This study was perfomled to examine the therapeutic effect of aqua-acupuncture solution of Hominis Placenta(HP) on kidney and liver intoxicated by $HgCI_2$ in rats. Methods: $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture were carried out everyday for 8 days on corresponding bilateral loci of Shinsu(BL23) and Kansu(BL18), respectively, after mercuric chloride intoxication in rats. Thereafter BUN, creatinine, GOT, GPT, ALP, ${\gamma}$-GT, albumin and total bilirubin were measured before intoxication, and at the 4th and the 8th experimental day. Histopathological and immunochemical observation were also carried out. Results: 1. It showed significant decreases of BUN in the group of $10\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu on the 4th experimental day as compared with the control group. 2. It showed significant decreases of creatinine in the group of $10\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu on the 4th and the 8th experimental days as compared with the control group. 3. There were not any significant changes of GOT, GPT, ALP,${\gamma}$-GT, albumin and total bilirubin in the HP aqua-acupuncture groups compared with the control group. 4. By the histopathological observations on kidney under a light microscope, alt the $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu showed the preventive effect on tubulo-interstitial necrosis and muItifocal calcification in tubular lumen respectively compared with the control group. 5. By the histopathological observations on liver under a light mIcroscope, the groups $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua--acupuncture into Kansu did not show any significant changes in the liver compared with the control group. 6. By the immunochemical analysis of heat shock protein(hsp) and glucose-regulated protein(grp) in rat renal cortex, the expressions of hsp70 and grp78 were decreased in the $10\%$ and $25\%$ HP aqua-acupuncture into Shinsu respectively compared with the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that Hominis Placenta aqua-acupuncture have an effect on prevention and protection of renal intoxication by $HgCI_2$ in rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2017

ISO11783은 농업 산업분야 통신 프로토콜의 국제 표준으로, 농용트랙터 및 작업기 ECU 간의 통신 프로토콜을 표준화한다. 이 표준은 서로 다른 제조사의 제품 간에 호환성을 갖게 하며, 정밀 농업에 대한 핵심 기반을 제공한다. 현재 해외에서는 이미 ISO11783 기반의 AFS(Advanced Farming System)를 통한 정밀농업이 상용화되어 농가에 보급되고 있다. 이에 비해, 국내에서 이러한 표준을 따르는 농기계들은 미비한 실정이며, 향후 농업의 정밀 농업화를 통한 고부가가치 창출 및 선진국의 무역 장벽에 대비와 해외 수출 판로 개척을 위해 ISO11783 표준에 대한 R&D가 필요로 한다. 이에 IsoAgLib를 분석하고 임베디드 보드에 Porting하여 ISO11783 기반 작업기 ECU를 구현하였고, 이를 기반으로 ISO11783 기반 작업기 ECU의 구현 방법을 발표한다. IsoAgLib의 시스템 아키텍처는 계층화 되어 있어, 타겟에 의존적인 계층만 수정하여, IAR 환경에서 Cortex M3 보드에 포팅을 완료하였다. 작업기 ECU들은 자신만의 인터페이스 화면을 갖으며, 이를 Object pool이라 한다. 이것을 Virtual Terminal(VT)에 업로드 하여, VT가 해당 작업기 ECU의 사용자 인터페이스 기능을 제공하도록 한다. 이에 작업기 ECU 구현 1 단계로, 'VT-Designer'를 통하여 Object pool를 설계한다. 2 단계, 'vt2iso'를 통해서 Object pool을 IsoAgLib 상에서 사용할 수 있도록 변환한다. 3 단계, 포팅된 IsoAgLib project에 변환된 파일을 포함 시킨다. 4 단계, 작업기 ECU의 주기적인 작업 및 각 메시지 수신시 수행할 작업을 코딩한다. 5 단계, 빌드 및 타겟 보드에 업로딩 한 후, New Holland 사의 $Intelliview^{TM}$ iv display (VT)과 연결하여 동작을 확인한다. 확인 결과로 VT에 디자인한 Object pool이 표시 되며 soft key 입력 시 작업기 ECU에서 LED가 변한다. 결론적으로, 연구 결과를 바탕으로 ISO11783 기반의 작업기 ECU의 디자인 및 구현이 가능하며, 이를 통해 향후 국내의 ISO11783 기반의 작업기 ECU의 개발에 도움을 줄 수 있다.