• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.253-271
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of EMG activity of the Orbicularis oris and Mentalis muscle between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion group during various lip position and to find out whether any correlations exist between the muscular activity and craniofacial morphology. In this study, 50 subjects with a mean age of 22.9 Years (range 20.0-26.0) were investigated (25 subjects were normal occlusion, and 25 subjects were class III malocclusion). EMG data were recorded from the Orbicularis oris and Mentalis muscle during rest lip posture, lip position at maximum biting, lip position at maximum sealing effort, lip position at chewing, swallowing and phonation with the Medelec MS-25 electromyographic machine. Lateral cephalometric radiographs was taken with the mandible in intercuspal position on all subjects. All data were recorded and statistically processed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows: 1. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during the lip position at chewing was lower than that of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not statistically different. 2. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during the lip position at chewing, swallowing and phonation was lower than that of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not statistically different. 3. Compare to normal occlusion, the Class III malocclusion was showed low maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during rest lip posture and the lip position at swallowing of saliva, and showed great maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and meantalis muscle during the lip position at chewing and phonation. 4. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during various lip position was not correlated with the length and thickness of upper lip, but the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip during the lip position at chewing and swallowing was positively correlated with the thickness of lower lip. 5. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip during rest lip posture was negatively correlated with the thickness of upper lip, and the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and mentalis muscle during the lip position at chewing and swallowing was positively correlated with the thickness of lower lip and mentalis muscle. But the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle during the other lip position was not correlated with the cephalometric measurements of soft tissue. 6. The correlation between the maximal mean amplitude of orbicularis oris and mentalis muscle and cephalometric measurements of incisors was not nearly present. 7. In normal occlusion, the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip and mentalis muscle during the lip position at maximum biting was negatively correlated with the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane. In Class III malocclusion, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip, lower lip and mentalis muscle during function was negatively correlated with the length of maxilla, the maximal mean amplitude of upper lip and lower lip during function was negatively correlated with the SNA and SNPo, and the maximal mean amplitude of lower lip during the lip position at chewing was negatively correlated with the ANB.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2012

This study uncovers the relationships between mental health, couple relationships and marital happiness. The sample included 180 inter-married Korean men. The data were analyzed by means of frequency, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS. Mental health is positively correlated with marital conflict, but is negatively correlated with efficient communication and marital happiness. Furthermore, marital conflict is negatively correlated with communication and marital happiness. Second, mental health has a positive influence on marital conflict and a negative influence on marital happiness. Depression and social mal-adaptation have a negative effect on communication and marital happiness. Marital conflict does not have a mediating effect on mental health and marital happiness. Third, depression and social mal-adaptation have a negative influence on communication and marital happiness. Communication has a mediating effect on mental health and marital happiness. In conclusion, to reduce marital conflict, it is important to intervene in inter-married Korean men's marital happiness through special education programs and counseling.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of social support and acculturative stress on depression among Korean registered nurses in the United States. Method: In total, 137 nurses were recruited through direct interviews and online surveys. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire from June 1, to September 16, 2012, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$'s test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS WIN 14.0. Results: Social support significantly differed by the length of one's nursing career in US, monthly income and perceived health status. Acculturative stress significantly differed by the length of one's nursing career in US and types of employment setting. Depression significantly differed by the total length of one's nursing career, type of employment setting, and perceived health status. Moreover, Depression was negatively correlated with social support; positively correlated with acculturative stress; social support was negatively correlated with acculturative stress. Factors influencing depression were acculturative stress, perceived health status, and social support, which explained about 23% of the total variance. Conclusion: These results suggest that an adaptation program that decreases acculturative stress and improves social support should be developed and implemented for Korean nurses to help them successfully integrate into the healthcare system of new country.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify the relations on self-esteem, empathy and interpersonal relationship to reinforce competence in communication skills of nursing students. Method: Participants consisted of 84 entire 1st year students of a nursing college. Variables included self-esteem, empathy, interpersonal relationship and demographic variables. Data was analyzed by frequencies, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation. Results: Satisfaction in nursing science of the subjects was 97.5% above average, Self understanding of the subjects was 93% above average. There were significant difference in self-esteem, empathy and interpersonal relationship among satisfaction in nursing science and self understanding of the subjects. Self-esteem positively correlated to empathy, empathy positively correlated to interpersonal relationship and interpersonal relationship positively correlated to self-esteem. Conclusion: In order to improve core competence in effective communication skills of nursing students, it is important to actively intervene for improving self-esteem and empathy and interpersonal relationship. Therefore, when organizing a communication subject of a nursing college, it is crucial to develop a program that leads to higher learning satisfaction of nursing study by improving self-esteem and empathy and interpersonal relationship skills.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was implemented to investigate perceived illness intrusiveness in stroke patients by the characteristics of primary caregivers. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional survey design was used. The subjects were 225 stroke patients and their primary caregivers. Demographic variables, relationship variables, burden, depression and support were measured as primary caregivers' characteristics. Data were analyzed with SPSS win 14+. T-test, ANOVA and correlation test were used depending on variables. Result: Demographic variables such as age, gender, relation with patients, and living status were not related significantly with illness intrusiveness. But primary caregivers' burden, depression and support were related significantly with perceived illness intrusiveness of stroke patients. That is, burden, depression and quantitative support of primary caregivers were significantly positively correlated with perceived illness intrusiveness of stroke patients. On the other hand, qualitative support was negatively correlated with perceived illness intrusiveness. Conclusion: Primary caregivers' characteristics such as burden, depression and support were found to be correlated with stroke patients perception such as illness intrusiveness. So, it is recommended that nursing intervention targeting burden, depression and support of primary caregivers must be developed to reduce illness intrusiveness of stroke patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2008

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to identify correlations among elder image, self-efficacy and burden among family caregivers caring for elders with chronic disease. Methods: A total of 187 primary family caregivers caring for frail elders over 65 years of age participated in this study. The data were collected using the Elder Image Scale (EIS), the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), and the Burden Scale (BS). Correlational analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between EIS, SES, and BS. Results: EIS scores and SES scores were correlated at r=-.188(p=.010), indicating a significant negative relationship between elder image and self-efficacy. SES scores were negatively correlated with the BS scores (r=-.328, p=.000). EIS scores were correlated significantly with BS scores (r=.298, p=.000). Conclusion: These findings support the assertion that perceptions of elders and belief about caregivers themselves are associated with burden.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.148-159
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• 2012

Objectives: This study investigated the correlation among Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Timed "Up and Go" Test (TUG) and gait (velocity, cadence, step-length, stride-length and single-limb support). Methods: The 70 subjects were assessed on trunk control measured with the use of the PASS, dynamic balance (TUG) and gait function (by GAITRite). The data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation. Results: The PASS total scores were significantly correlated with PASS-M, PASS-C, and PASS-T (r =.80 ~ .88 p<.01). All items of the PASS were significantly correlated with TUG (r = -.63 ~ -.81 p<.01), velocity (r = .44~.58 p<.01), cadence (r =.38 ~.51. p<.01), affected side step length (r = .44 ~.56 p<.01) and affected side stride length (r = .45 ~.59 p<.01). But affected side single-limb support was lowly correlated with PASS-M, PASS-C, PASS-T and PASS-total (r = .25~.36 p<.05). Conclusions: Measures of trunk control were significantly related with values of dynamic balance and gait. Based on these results, trunk control is an essential core component of balance and gait. Trunk control training programs after stroke should be developed and emphasized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.833-837
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• 1994

Lung contusion due to blunt chest trauma is the most common lung injury and correlated with the clinical course and prognosis. Its diagnosis by CT[Computerized Tomogram] gives a more clear and understandable three dimensional view, by which we are able to measure the volume of the contused and entire lung. Other variables are arterial blood gas, number of rib fracture, presence of hemopneumothorax, sternal fracture and clavicle fracture, number of associated non-thoracic injuries, ventilator time and presence of pulmonary complication. Percentage[%] of lung contusion are expressed as mean $\pm$ standard deviation and data analysis was performed by means of multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance to detect significant differences in variables between positive thoracic injury group and negative group. The paired t-test was used. Differences of percentage of lung contusion between groups were assessed by one-way analysis of variance. Simple linear regression was used to perform correlation analysis in the number of rib fracture and ventilator time. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Pneumothorax and the number of associated other injuries affect the amount of lung contusion and pulmonary complication group has more contused lung volume. Arterial blood gas study shows no correlation with the amount of lung contusion statistically. The number of rib fracture correlated with the amount of lung contusion, which also correlated with ventilator time[r=0.56, p<0.05]. In conclusion, quantitative anlysis of lung contusion by CT predicts the clinical course and treatment such as ventilator care.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.611-623
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate young children's play preferences through observation at their classrooms and to examine the relationship between children's play preferences and their peer competence and peer acceptance. The subjects were 55 four-year-old children from a kindergarten in C city of Chungnam province. The data was analyzed by MANOVA, t-test, and Pearson's correlation. The results were as follows: first, boys and girls showed different play preferences except for language play and science play. Boys were better liked by same-sex peers while girls were better liked by other-sex peers. Second, there were significant correlations among certain play preferences. Block play preferences were negatively correlated with other play preferences. Third, some play preferences were significantly associated with some sub-dimensions of peer competence. Language play displayed a positive relationship to pro-social behavior, but art play showed a negative relationship to leadership. Finally, peer acceptance was positively correlated only with number/manipulation play preferences. Other-sex peer acceptance was positively correlated with number/manipulation play preferences and art play preferences but negatively with block play preferences.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1127-1140
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of father's socio-demographic variables and father's literacy beliefs on father's literacy interaction. Participants were 204 fathers who have children in 3 to 5 years of age. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings are summarized as follows: (1) Father's education level was generally correlated with 'father role efficiency', 'open interaction', 'picture-book reading interaction' (2) Monthly income of the household was related 'father role efficiency', 'positive feelings on reading books'. (3) 'Literacy ability development from books', 'father role efficiency', 'positive feeling on reading books' were correlated 'open interaction' and 'picture book reading'. But, 'literacy ability development from books', 'father role efficiency', 'positive feeling on reading books' were negatively correlated 'direct interaction'. (4) The most influential factor on father's 'open interaction', 'direct interaction' was 'literacy ability development from books'. The most influential factor on father's 'picture-book reading' was 'positive feeling on reading books'. These findings highlight that 'literacy ability development from books' and 'positive feeling on reading books' may play critical roles in father's literacy interaction. So, it is very important that adequate training and support on father's literacy beliefs for father's high quality literacy interaction.