• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.372-382
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• 2022

Anterior open bite and transverse discrepancy are often accompanied by hyperdivergent skeletal patterns. In addition, degenerative joint disorders and vertical maxillary excess contribute to an unfavorable convex facial profile with a retruded chin. Correction of this complex three-dimensional problem with orthodontic treatment alone is considered challenging owing to anatomical limitations. Moreover, a history of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction makes retreatment difficult. This case report illustrates the application of a maxillary tissue bone-borne expander and biocreative reverse curve system in a 23-year-old female patient with a severe anterior open bite and transverse discrepancy who underwent orthodontic treatment with four premolar extractions. By setting the treatment target under precise diagnosis and using appropriate appliances, a satisfactory treatment result could be achieved without orthognathic surgery.

• 물과 미래
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.169-181
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• 1995

1986년 이후 급격한 하상변동에도 불구하고 고안지점의 수위-유량 관계곡선에 대한 수정작업이 이루어지지 않아 '90년 홍수시 한강홍수통제소로 제보된 팔당댐 하류부 수위나 방류량 자료들이 고안지점에서 계측된 수위자료에 의한 유량자료와의 비교에서 서로 간의 신뢰도에 문제가 발생하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐하류부의 하상변동을 고려하여 팔당댐에서 고안지점 하류를 포함하는 약 2.2km 구간에 대해 1/100 축척의 수리모형실험을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 새로이 작성된 팔당댐 방류량 산정공식에 의한 방류량자료와 고안지점에서의 수위자료를 이용하여 새로운 수위-유량 관계곡선을 작성하였다. 한편 수리모형 실험성과로 작성한 수위-유량 관계곡선을 RMA-2V모형에 의한 수치모형을 이용하여 기존의 수위-유량 관계 곡선 및 새로운 수위-유량 관계곡선을 비교, 검정하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2004

Many methods have been described for the early intervention of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is lateral and rotational spinal curvature in absence of associated congenital or neurologic abnormalities, the most common type of scoliosis observed in child and young adults, and refers to curves that develop after the age of $10{\sim}18$. The curves of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis have the potential to progress rapidly during growth. Curves are currently universally measured by the Cobb's method and Ferguson method. Some curves do not remain small, these may be mildly or severely progressive and the ribs on the convex side of the curve separate, and those on the concave side ribs approximate so rib undergoes deformation with rib humping. The latter may make angles that can affect vestibular system, balance, sensory, especially cardipulmonary function. Intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is based on the patient's age, the angular value of the curve, the maturity of their skeleton, and the topography. The purpose of intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis consists of knowing how to go to the best approach the correction of the lateral curve and rotational deformity holding the achieved for the remainder of spinal growth, preventing significant cosmetic abnormality, pain and cardiopulmonary complication, control the muscle imbalance and proprioceptive postural disturbances, be less need for radical surgery to avoid early surgery.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2012

본 논문은 머신비전시스템에서 정확한 이미지 획득을 위한 방법을 제안한다. 각종 렌즈에서 요구되는 가장 중요한 기능으로는 실물과 동일한 고품질의 결상을 구현하는 광학적 역할이다. 그러나 머신비전시스템의 입력부에서는 렌즈의 수차로 인하여 왜곡현상이 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 실세계 좌표계와 영상 좌표계 간의 변환 관계를 정의해주는 매핑 기능으로, 행렬연산을 통하여 두 좌표간의 거리를 계산하여 정확한 위치를 지정하게 된다. 레이저 정밀 가공작업에서도 Galvanometer를 사용하면 비구면 초점 렌즈에 의하여 발생되고 있는 렌즈 수차를 보정하여야 가공 오차를 개선 할 수 있다. 비구면 렌즈의 수차는 2차원 곡선의 형태를 가지고 있으나, 기존의 렌즈 보정 방법인 선형방법은 매우 많은 점들을 검사하여 보정시간이 많이 소요되는 문제점이 있었다. 가공장비에서 렌즈의 수차로 인하여 발생하는 가공오차를 감소시키기 위하여 Bilinear interpolation 기법을 적용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 기존 선형방법과 비교하여 위치 오차의 평균값과 표준편차가 향상되었음 실험을 통하여 입증하였으며 실제 레이저 응용업무에 적용하고 있다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2015

To evaluate the effects of spherical aberration (SA) correction on optical quality in pseudophakic eyes, we simulated the optical quality of the human eye by computation of the modulation transfer function (MTF). We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent cataract surgery in Asan Medical Center, retrospectively. A Zywave aberrometer was used to measure optical aberrations at 1-12 postoperative months in patients with AR40e intraocular lens implants. The MTF was calculated for a 5 mm pupil from measured wavefront aberrations. The area under the MTF curve (aMTF) was analyzed and the maximal aMTF was calculated while changing the SA ($-0.2{\sim}+0.2{\mu}m$) and the defocus (-2.0 ~ +2.0 D). Sixty-four eyes in 51 patients were examined. The maximal aMTF was $6.61{\pm}2.16$ at a defocus of $-0.25{\pm}0.66D$ with innate SA, and $7.64{\pm}2.63$ at a defocus of $0.08{\pm}0.53D$ when the SA was 0 (full correction of SA). With full SA correction, the aMTF increased in 47 eyes (73.4%; Group 1) and decreased in 17 eyes (26.6%; Group 2). There were statistically significant differences in Z(3, -1) (vertical coma; P = 0.01) and Z(4, 4) (tetrafoil; P = 0.04) between the groups. The maximal aMTF was obtained at an SA of $+0.01{\mu}m$ in Group 1 and an SA of $+0.13{\mu}m$ in Group 2. Optical quality can be improved by full correction of SA in most pseudophakic eyes. However, residual SA might provide benefits in eyes with significant radially asymmetric aberrations.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

This paper presents an in-situ correction method to compensate for the position error of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) near the sea floor. AUVs generally have an inertial navigation system assisted with auxiliary navigational sensors. Since the inertial navigation system shows drift in position without the bottom reflection of a Doppler velocity log, external acoustic positioning systems, such as an ultra short baseline (USBL), are needed to set the position without surfacing the AUV. The main concept of the correction method is as follows: when the AUV arrives near the sea floor, the vehicle moves around horizontally in a circular mode, while the USBL transceiver installed on a surface vessel measures the AUV's position. After acquiring one data set, a least-square curve fitting method is adopted to find the center of the AUV's circular motion, which is transferred to the AUV via an acoustic telemetry modem (ATM). The proposed method is robust for the outlier of USBL, and it is independent of the time delay for the data transfer of the USBL position with the ATM. The proposed method also reduces the intrinsic position error of the USBL, and is applicable to the in-situ calibration as well as the initialization of the AUVs' position. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the method.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2015

Objectives: Decreased fertility and impaired health owing to early menopause are significant health issues. Smoking is a modifiable health-related behavior that influences menopausal age. We investigated the effects of smoking-associated characteristics on menopausal age in Korean women. Methods: This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2012. Menopausal age in relation to smoking was analyzed as a Kaplan-Meier survival curve for 11 510 women (aged 30 to 65 years). The risk of entering menopause and experiencing early menopause (before age 48) related to smoking were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The menopausal age among smokers was 0.75 years lower than that among non-smokers (p<0.001). The results of the Cox proportional hazards model showed pre-correction and post-correction risk ratios for entering menopause related to smoking of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.46) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.47), respectively, and pre-correction and post-correction risk ratios for experiencing early menopause related to smoking of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.80) and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85), respectively. Conclusions: Smokers reached menopause earlier than non-smokers, and their risk for experiencing early menopause was higher.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.1029-1035
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• 2020

The detector suffers from pulse pileup by overlapping of the signals when it was used in high radiation fields. The pulse pileup deteriorates the energy spectrum and causes count losses due to random co-incidences, which might not resolve within the resolving time of the detection system. In this study, it is aimed to propose a new pulse pileup correction method. The proposed method is to correct the start point of the pileup pulse. The parameters are obtained from the fitted exponential curve using the peak point of the previous pulse and the start point of the pileup pulse. The amplitude at the corrected start point of the pileup pulse can be estimated by the peak time of the pileup pulse. The system is composed of a NaI (Tl) scintillation crystal, a photomultiplier tube, and an oscilloscope. A 61 μCi ¹³⁷Cs check-source was placed at a distance of 3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm, respectively. The gamma energy spectra for the radioisotope of ¹³⁷Cs were obtained to verify the proposed method. As a result, the correction of the pulse pileup through the proposed method shows a remarkable improvement of FWHM at 662 keV by 29, 39, and 7%, respectively.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.4116-4120
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• 1976

With the use of many rivers increased nearly to the capacity, the need for information concerning daily quantities of water and the total annual or seasonal runoff has became increased. A systematic record of the flow of a river is commonly made in terms of the mean daily discharge Since. a single observation of stage is converted into discharge by means of rating curve, it is essential that the stage discharge relations shall be accurately established. All rating curves have the looping effect due chiefly to channel storage and variation in surface slope. Loop rating curves are most characteristic on streams with somewhat flatter gradients and more constricted channels. The great majority of gauge readings are taken by unskilled observers once a day without any indication of whether the stage is rising or falling. Therefore, normal rating curves shall show one discharge for one gauge height, regardless of falling or rising stage. The above reasons call for the correction of the discharge measurements taken on either side of flood waves to the theoretical steady-state condition. The correction of the discharge measurement is to consider channel storage and variation in surface slope. (1) Channel storage As the surface elevation of a river rises, water is temporarily stored in the river channel. There fore, the actual discharge at the control section can be attained by substracting the rate of change of storage from the measured discharge. (2) Variation in surface slope From the Manning equation, the steady state discharge Q in a channel of given roughness and cross-section, is given as {{{{Q PROPTO SQRT { 1} }}}} When the slope is not equal, the actual discharge will be {{{{ { Q}_{r CDOT f } PROPTO SQRT { 1 +- TRIANGLE I} CDOT TRIANGLE I }}}} may be expressed in the form of {{{{ TRIANGLE I= { dh/dt} over {c } }}}} and the celerity is approximately equal to 1.3 times the mean watrr velocity. Therefore, The steady-state discharge can be estimated from the following equation. {{{{Q= { { Q}_{r CDOT f } } over { SQRT { (1 +- { A CDOT dh/dt} over {1.3 { Q}_{r CDOT f }I } )} } }}}} If a sufficient number of observations are available, an alternative procedure can be applied. A rating curve may be drawn as a median line through the uncorrected values. The values of {{{{ { 1} over {cI } }}}} can be yielded from the measured quantities of Qr$.$f and dh/dt by use of Eq. (7) and (8). From the 1/cI v. stage relationship, new vlues of 1/cI are obtained and inserted in Eq. (7) and (8) to yield the steady-state discharge Q. The new values of Q are then plotted against stage as the corrected steadystate curve.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.460-470
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• 2011

자연환경하에 있는 암석의 풍화특성과 풍화된 암석의 강도평가를 위하여 다양한 크기의 아소 가족묘비석을 대상으로 탄성파 속도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 크기가 다른 시료를 동일한 크기로 환산하여 탄성파 속도를 평가하는 크기 보정법과 새로운 암석 풍화지표로서 NET(Normalized Elapsed Time)를 제안하였다. 또한 NET을 이용한 암석 풍화 분류로부터 풍화암석에 대한 강도를 추정하였다. 용결응회암의 경우 탄성파 속도는 높고 속도저하는 거의 나타나지 않았지만, 안산암의 경우 탄성파 속도는 낮고 속도저하 현상이 관찰되었다. $V_p/V_o$-NET 곡선에 근거한 NET를 이용할 경우 크기가 다른 다양한 암석에 대해 같은 크기로 풍화정도를 비교할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 $S_c/S_o$-NET 곡선에 의한 NET을 이용하여 암석의 풍화단계 분류가 가능하였으며, 이것으로부터 풍화 암석에 대한 강도추정도 가능하였다.