• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2006

Background and Purpose : Though there were many clinical studies of acupuncture effects they didn't have appropriate control group. So we didn't say it was true acupuncture effect, though subjects in clinical study improved. To investigate the possibility of sham acupuncture application, we examined how well subjects distinguished real acupuncture from sham acupuncture. Methods : We investigate the possibility of sham acupuncture application as the following 3 kinds of methods. 1. The public (n=60) and Oriental Medicine Doctors (n=20) looked at the appearance of acupuncture and then were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture and judged it as real or sham. 2. The public (n=60) and Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture, then they looked at the appearance of acupuncture and judged it as real or sham. 3. The public (n=60) were treated with randomly allocated acupuncture (right-real-left-sham), (right-sham-left-real), (left-real-right-sham), (left-sham-right-real), then they judged it as real or sham. Results : 1. When the public (n=60) looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 63.3%. After they were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 50.0%. 2. When Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 25.0%. After they were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 45.0%. 3. When the public (n=60) were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 50.0%. After they looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 63.3%. 4. When Oriental Medicine doctors (n=20) were treated with acupuncture, the correct judgement ratio was 65.5%. After they looked at the acupuncture appearance, the correct judgement ratio was 65.0%. 5. After the public (n=60) were treated with randomly allocated sham or real acupuncture as (right-real-left-sham), (right-sham-left-real), (left-real-right-sham), or (left-sham-right-real). the correct judgement ratio was 66.7% in looking at the acupuncture appearance group, and in not looking at 60.0%. Conclusion : These results indicated that Kim Sham Acupuncture could apply to the double blind clinical study of acupuncture effect. And more continuous studies are needed on Sham Acupuncture apparatus.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2017

In this paper we consider the problem of the model selection/discrimination among three different positively skewed lifetime distributions. Lindley, Weibull, and gamma distributions have been used to effectively analyze positively skewed lifetime data. This paper assesses how much closer the Lindley distribution gets to Weibull and gamma distributions. We consider three techniques that involve the likelihood ratio test, asymptotic likelihood ratio test, and minimum Kolmogorov distance as optimality criteria to diagnose the appropriate fitting model among the three distributions for a given data set. Monte Carlo simulation study is performed for computing the probability of correct selection based on the considered optimality criteria among these families of distributions for various choices of sample sizes and shape parameters. It is observed that overall, the Lindley distribution is closer to Weibull distribution in the sense of likelihood ratio and Kolmogorov criteria. A real data set is presented and analyzed for illustrative purposes.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.395-413
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• 2012

National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) is important standard reference to become the basic data for confirming the effect of the curriculum administrated and the educational policies put in force presently and preparing the new curriculum and educational policies. In this paper, we looked into the mean and standard deviation of the calibrated score of whole group and male/female students, the correct answer ratio of each performance level and the correct answer ratio of each content domain, etc. in the results of NAEA at 6th elementary school. The analytic objects are 2010 and 2011 NAEA that are changed into complete enumeration survey and the standard reference prepared on the basis of the new calibrated score is applied to. And we analysed and compared correct answer ratio of the each content domain and each item to conform the difference between male and female students. On the basis of the these informations, we investigated that here is what kind of characteristics and trends to the whole group and what kind of suggestions to the teaching-learning. And we were going to provide the information of the needs to understand which content of mathematics is needed and which thinking methods are needed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2003

음성인식에서 신뢰도 측정이란 인식된 결과에 대한 신뢰 여부를 결정하는 것이다. 신뢰도는 프레임을 음소 및 단어 수준으로 통합하여 측정된다. 단어 인식의 경우, 신뢰도를 이용하여 인식 결과와 미등록 어휘를 검증한다. 따라서 이러한 후처리를 통해 이를 인식 결과로 승인하지 않음으로써 성능을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 신뢰도 측정 방법인 로그 유사도 비를 수정하여 신뢰도를 측정하였다. 제안된 방법은 프레임 수준에서 음소 수준으로 신뢰도를 통합할 때 로그 유사도 비가 음수인 것만을 누적하는 것이다. 단어 인식기의 인식 결과에 대한 검증 성능을 기존의 방법과 비교한 결과, CAR (Correct Acceptance Ratio)이 90%인 지점에서 FAR (False Acceptance Ratio)을 미등록 어휘에 대해서는 약 3.49%, 오인식에 대해서는 15.25% 감소시킬 수 있었다

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

During a learning process, a human being is assumed to experience knowledge-based behaviors, rule-based behaviors, and skill-based behaviors sequentially if Rasmussen was right. If any psycho-physiological symptom to those different levels can be obtained, it can be useful as a measure whether a human being is fully trained and has gotten a skill in his work. Therefore, this study aimed to draw relationships between human performance measures and psycho-physiological measures while committing a computer-simulated pointing task by utilizing the power spectrum technique of EEG data, especially with the ratio of relative beta-to-alpha band power. The result showed that, during correct responses, the ratio came to stabilize as all the performance data went stable. However, response time was not a simple linear function of task difficulty level only, but a joint function of task characteristics as well as behavior levels. Comparing relative band power ratios from errors and correct responses, activated states of one's brain could be explained, and characteristics of the task could understood. To tell that of pointing task, correlations around C3, C4, P3, P4 and 01, 02 area were significant and high in correct response cases whereas most correlation coefficients went down in error cases standing for imbalance of psycho-motor functions. Though task difficulty was the only one factor that could influence on relative band power ratio with statistical significance, it should be comprehended to mean a different way of expression indicating task characteristics since at least error-some situation could be explained with the help of relative band power ratio that absolute band power failed.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 1989

When we select the t best out of k populations in the indifference zone formulation, a lower confidence bound on the probability of a correct selection is derived for families with monotone likelihood ratio. The result is applied to the normal means problem when the variance is common, and to the normal variances problem. Tables to implement the confidence bound for the normal variances problem are provided.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

This study was made for male and female university students regarding the nutrition knowledge about fat, fat contents in food, and practice toward fat. The result is as follows;1.Out of 13 questions inquiring the knowledge about fat a significant difference was observed between female and male students in 10 questions. Male students' nutrition knowledge about fat was $6.33{\pm}0.16$, and that of female students' was $6.33{\pm}0.16$ and there was no significant difference. The ratio of correct answer was 49% and 59% respectively. Female students marked high ratio of correct answer such items as ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid, the relation between high fat diet and atherosclerosis(coronary disease), the relation between obesity and fat, the relation between ${\omega}-3$ fatty acid and heart disease, cholesterol, fatty acid in butter, degree of unsaturation in liquid oil, margarine, chicken fat, rancity of fat. 2.Male students' total score of knowledge about fat quantity in food was $4.91{\pm}0.10$ and that of female students was $5.58{\pm}0.10$. There was significant difference(p<0.001) and the ratio of correct answer was 55% and 62% respectively. Out of 9 food items, significant difference was observed in 7 items according to student's majoring subject. The ratio of correct answer for the questions about the quantity of fat in food female showed high figures in such items as white meat(p<0.01), whole milk(p<0.0001), skim milk(p<0.01), potato chips(p<0.001), biscuit(p<0.001). However, male students showed high figures on the question about the quantity of fat in vegetable margarine. 3. Out of 12 items observing the degree of diet practice on fat, significant difference was observed between male and female students in 6 items. Female students practice the question items positively with high ratio: intake of fish instead of meat(p<0.01), removing visible fat in meat(p<0.0001), removing chicken skin(p<0.0001), removing oil during cooking (p<0.05), selection of low fat milk or skim milk(p<0.05), selection of meat part(p<0.001). There was significant difference between male and female students in practicing diet on fat (p<0.001) and the total score was $31.52{\pm}0.52$ and $34.65{\pm}0.41$ respectively.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2010

A camera module is supported by a gimbal structure in collection equipment of image information. During flight, the gimbal system undergoes serious accelerations with wide frequencies. To get the correct images, the camera module must be stably vibrated under these conditions. If natural frequency unfortunately exists in a exciting frequency range, resonance occurs there. Hence, harmonic responses analysis is needed to know correct vibration characteristic of the gimbal system. Finite element analysis was performed to get an acceleration of the gimbal system by mode superposition after extracting mode shapes and natural frequencies. Considering damping ratio of 2%, the reponses of gimbal structure were calculated from excitations with a design frequency band. As results, a maximum acceleration transmissibility, which is the ratio of response to excitation, was obtained and it can be used to design the gimbal structure effectively.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.213-217
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• 2011

The research shows misuse cases of quantitative regression analysis used in QC circle activity and six sigma movement which presents guidelines of correct use for quality practitioners. Additionally, the qualitative regression analysis that responses nonconforming ratio of variable y, is reviewed based on misuse cases for proper use by practitioners in the field. In most cases, there are frequent errors that involve the correlation analysis or ANOVA, regardless of using quantitative regression analysis. In addition, qualitative regression analysis for the nonconforming ratio that has dependent variable of discrete and categorical data, is often applied with quantitative regression and result in ineffective quality improvement.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.433-442
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• 1996

Since one texture property(i.e coarseness, orientation, regularity, granularity) for ultrasound liver ages was not sufficient enough to classify the characteristics of livers, we used multi texture vectors tracted from ultrasound liver images and a statistical classifier. Multi texture vectors are selected among the feature vectors of the normal liver, fat liver and cirrhosis images which have a good separability in those ultrasound liver images. The statistical classifier uses multi texture vectors as input vectors and classifies ultrasound liver images for each multi texture vector by the Bayes decision rule. Then the decision of the liver disease is made by choosing the maximum value from the averages of a posteriori probability for each multi texture vector In our simulation, we obtained higtler correct ratio than that of other methods using single feature vector, for the test set the correct ratio is 94% in the normal liver, 84% in the fat liver and 86% in the cirrhosis liver.