• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

YHB216 is one of new recombinant human erythropoietins (rHu-EPO) developed by Yuhan Research Institute. The rHu-EPO products are widely being used for the treatment of various types of anemia. As a series of safety studies on YHB216, we performed the local irritation test (dermal & ocular application) in male New Zealand White rabbits and micronucleus test in male ICR mice. In the skin irritation test, 0.5 ml of YHB216 10,000 IU/ml solution was applied to the back skin of rabbits for 24 hours and sub-sequent observation was performed. There was no induced response after the treatment and the primary irritation index (P.I.I.) was‘0’. In the eye irritation test, 0.1 ml of YHB216 10,000 IU/mL solution was instilled into the conjunctiva of the eye. No treatment-related reaction was observed at the cornea, iris, and conjunctiva. In the micronucleus test, YHB216 was administered intravenously to male mice (6 mice per group) at dose levels of 0, 6,250, 12,500, and 25,000 IU/kg. Bone marrow cells were collected at 24 hours after the treatment. YHB216 treated groups showed no significant difference in the P/N (polychromatic erythrocyte/ normochromatic erythrocyte) ratio and in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte com-pared with the control. In conclusion, YHB216 was found to be a non-irritating material up to 10,000 IU/ml in the local irritation test and to be a non-mutagen up to 25,000 IU/kg in the micronucleus test.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

An extracellular matrix protein, transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp/βig-h3), which is induced by transforming growth factor-β in the human cornea, skin, and matrix of many connective tissues, is associated with the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells. TGFBIp contains four homologous repeat domains, known as FAS1 domains, where certain mutations have been considered to cause corneal dystrophies. In this study, backbone NMR assignments of FAS1-3/FAS1-4 tandem domain were obtained and compared with those previously known for the isolated FAS1-4 domain. The results corroborate in solution the inter-domain interaction between FAS1-3 and FAS1-4 in TGFBIp.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.62.1-62.10
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• 2022

Background: The corneal and limbal morphology relevant to corneal epithelial maintenance in ten different species was examined using histological methods. Objectives: The presence of a Bowman's layer, limbal epithelial cell, and superficial stromal morphology was examined in the following species to evaluate the differences in corneal thickness and epithelium: Java sparrows, frogs, macaws, spoonbills, red pandas, penguins, horses, Dobermans, orangutans, and humans. Methods: Corneal sections (4 ㎛) were obtained from ten ocular globes from three different animal classes: Aves, Amphibia, and Mammalia. All sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff reaction. After microscopy, all stained slides were photographed and analyzed. Results: Significant morphological differences in the corneal and limbal epithelia and their underlying stroma between species were observed. The number of corneal epithelial cell layers and the overall corneal epithelial thickness varied significantly among the species. The presence of a Bowman's layer was only observed in primates (orangutans and humans). Presumed supranuclear melanin caps were noted in four species (orangutans, macaws, red pandas, and horses) in the limbal basal epithelial layer (putative site of corneal epithelial stem cells). The melanin granules covered the apex of the cell nucleus. Conclusions: Supranuclear melanin capping has been described as a process within the epidermis to reduce the concentration of ultraviolet-induced DNA photoproducts. Similarly, there may be a relationship between limbal stem cell melanin capping as a protective mechanism against ultra-violet radiation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

This study was conducted to assess the influence of hazard pattern in the surface structure of pollen grains of Campsis grandiflora, and cytotoxicity of different part extracts and nectar on RAW264.7 macrophages. The pollen grains were medium sized ($21.8{\mu}m$) with tricolpate aperture type. In equatorial view, the pollens were prolate (P/E=1.8) and the exine pattern was smooth and reticulate. This result contradict with the rumor of having a hook-shaped protuberance that can damage the cornea because we couldn't observed any protuberance on the surface of the outer wall. Furthermore, we investigated the 70% MeOH extracts (flower, leaf, stem) and nectar of C. grandiflora for their cell viability in temporal basis via MTT analysis on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. There was no significant difference in the cytotoxicity among the MeOH extracts and nectar of C. grandiflora after 24 h. However, nectar showed the dosedependent cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 macrophage cells after 48 h.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

Reconstruction of rabbit corneal epithelium was performed through dynamic culture method using self-manufactured amniotic membrane supporter and lyophilized amniotic membrane. Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were cultured and cryopreserved after isolation from limbus, and the cells could be proliferated by passage number 10. The basal layer was well formed, and the epithelium layer was constructed tightly by the increase of cell proliferation and differentiation by dynamic culture method than static culture. Thus, the reconstruction of the corneal epithelium using lyophilized amniotic membrane is considered to be a good in vitro model for transplantation of corneal epithelium to patients with a severely damaged cornea.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.702-707
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• 2014

Corneal endothelium is mono-inner cell layer of cornea and lay on Descmet's membrane which comprised of various proteins called extracellular matrix such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, and proteoglycan, etc. In this study, we fabricated transparent poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) film because PLGA is widely used for tissue engineering based on their properties. We investigated the behaviors of rabbit corneal endothelial cells (rCEnCs) on PLGA film surfaces coated with various cell-adhesive molecules like fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I and IV and FNC coating mix. The morphologic images, proliferation and adhesion assay, immunofluorescence for ZO-1 and $Na^+/K^+-ATPase$ and RT-PCR for expression of specific markers were conducted. These results showed that PLGA film plays a role as CEnC carriers in vitro and the cell-adhesive molecules give positive effects on the behaviors of rCEnC.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.969-979
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• 2003

Gamisoamsan is a prescription originated in Soamsan which is known as an anti-cancer remedy in the traditional Korean Medicine. To enhance the synergic effects of anti-cancer activity of Soamsan, this study reconstituted the original components of Soamsan with a slight modification and produced a novel herbal remedy, namely Gamisoamsan. To investigate the effects of Gamisoamsan on anti-cancer reaction, I studied the effects of Gamisoamsan on angiogenesis via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, corneal neovascularization assay and the effects on expression of growth factor which are VEGF, TGF-β, bFGF and IMUP-1. Anti-cancer effects of Gamisoamsan was also abserved through hematological parameters, tumor volume and survival rate in mice. Gamisoamsan inhibited embryonic angiogenesis of blood vessels in CAM assay and inhibited neovascularization of ral cornea. Gamisoamsan reduced cell proliferation in HT1080 cells and IC50 was 2.18 ㎎/㎖ Gamisoamsan reduced the expression of VEGF, TGF-β, bFGF and IMUP-1 which was known as vascular growth factor and this effects of Gamisoamsan was predominant than VP-16. The treatment of Gamisoamsan decreased the CT-26 cell inoculated-tumor volume in mice colon adenocarcinoma and increased mice survival which was inoculated CT-26 cells. The results of the present study suggest that Gamisoamsan extracts has a potential anti-tumor activity and may be an useful remedy to prevent and/or treat cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 1967

The changes in histopathology of various organs and growth inhibition of the chick embryos incubated with radioactive sulfur ($^{35}S$) were experimentally studied. The various doses of $^{35}S$ were injected into the yolk sac at different intervals and the weight changes of the embryos were evaluated to determine the growth inhibition rates. The embryos sacrified on various incubation days were used for the study of histopathological changes in organs such as the bone, liver, kidney, gonad, and eye. Following were the results: 1) The weight changes of the $^{35}S$ treated groups were as follows: i. Embryos treated on the 5 th incubation day: No weight changes were noted on the 8th incubation day, however, the growth inhibition rate of 32.1% was noted in the group treated with $50{\mu}C$ and of 38.2% in the group treated with $150{\mu}C$ on the 12th incubation day. The rates were 9.1 and 12.1% on the 15th incubation day, and 6.5 and 10.6% on the 18th incubation day respectively. ii. Embryos treated on the 8th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 12th, 15th and 18th incubation days in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 20.9, 25.9 and 18.8% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 20.0, 14.9 and 16.9% respectively. iii. Embryos treated on the 12th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 15th and 18th in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 13.6 and 21.1% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 26.7 and 6.5% and in those treated with $250{\mu}C$ were 10.6 and 12.6% respectively. iv. Embryos treated on the 15th incubation day: The growth inhibition rates on the 18th in the groups treated with $50{\mu}C$ were 6.5% and in those treated with $150{\mu}C$ were 10.1% and in those treated with $250{\mu}C$ were 8.5% respectively. In summary, the longer the incubation days, the less the growth inhibition rates. II) The histopathological changes in the various organs were as follows: i. Bone: Hyperplasia and edematous changes of the bone cavity, irregular distribution of immature granular cells and increased number of the myeloblast, megakaryocyte and reticuloendothelial cells were noted. ii. Liver: The embryos treated with $150{\mu}C\;of\;^{35}S$ on the 8th incubation day showed necrosis and nucleolysis of the liver cell and abnormal enlargement of sinusoid on the 12th incubation day. The longer the incubation days, the more severe the changes such as the pyknotic artophy of the liver cells and heterochromatism. The embryos treated on the 5th incubation day with 50 and $150{\mu}C\;of\;^{35}S$ showed little changes, but sight enlargement and accumulation of serous fluid in the sinusoid on the 8th incubation day. iii. Kidney: No particular changes except atrophic changes of epithelium were noted in early stage, however, the infiltration of the granular cell and monocyte into the cortex and pyknotic changes of vascular glomeruli were noted in later stage. These changes were not closely related to the doses of $^{35}S$ given. iv. Gonad: The degenerative changes such as destruction of the immature germ cells, hyperplasia and vacuolization of the stroma were noted in testis and ovary. v. Eye: A slight distortion of the cornea and sclera was noted. The hypertrophy of inner layer and blood cell infiltration into the vascular layer of the choroid membrane were noted in embryo groups on the 12, 15 and 18th incubation days.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.618-623
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• 2015

FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) is a small peptide with a single FK506BP domain that is involved in suppression of immune response and reactive oxygen species. FK506BP has emerged as a potential drug target for several inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the protective effects of directly applied cell permeable FK506BP (PEP-1-FK506BP) on corneal alkali burn injury (CAI). In the cornea, there was a significant decrease in the number of cells expressing pro-inflammation, apoptotic, and angiogenic factors such as TNF-α, COX-2, and VEGF. Both corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization (CNV) were significantly decreased in the PEP-1-FK506BP treated group. Our results showed that PEP-1-FK506BP can significantly inhibit alkali burn-induced corneal inflammation in rats, possibly by accelerating corneal wound healing and by reducing the production of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP may be a potential therapeutic agent for CAI.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

Isolation and primary culture technique of rabbit oral keratinocytes, and the study for effect of environmental factors on the cell growth were carried out in T75-flask. $1.92{\pm}0.59{\times}10^6$ viable cells were isolated by trypsin enzymatic digestion method from $0.25cm^2$ biopsy of rabbit oral mucosa. Primary culture with 10 mL of K-SFM containing 50 mg/L BPE, $5.0{\mu}g/L$ EGF and 0.15 mM $Ca^{2+}$ showed confluence after 8 days and doubling time was 2.54 days. Effect of medium types, medium volume and supplement types on the cell growth was investigated after the cultured keratinocytes had been harvested from primary confluence. Serum addition showed adverse effect and the increase of serum concentration didn't have an effect on the cell growth. The increase of medium volume decreased the cell growth. The increase of calcium concentration increased the cell growth and 2.0 mM was optimum value. In conclusion, when rabbit oral keratinocytes was cultured in T75-flask, the most effective conditions was to use 10 mL of K-SFM containing 50 mg/L BPE, $5.0{\mu}g/L$ EGF and 2.0 mM $Ca^{2+}$, and doubling time was 1.32 days. This study can provide the useful informations to develop a process and design a bioreactor for the culture of keratinocytes in human body like skin and cornea, as well as mucosa.