• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2022

In this article, an analytical procedure is presented for static analysis of composite cylinders with the geometrically nonlinear behavior, and non-uniform thickness profiles under different loading conditions by considering moderately large deformation. The composite cylinder includes two inner and outer isotropic layers and one honeycomb core layer with adjustable Poisson's ratio. The Mirsky-Herman theory in conjunction with the von-Karman nonlinear theory is employed to extract the governing equations which are a system of nonlinear differential equations with variable coefficients. The governing equations are solved analytically using the matched asymptotic expansion (MAE) method of the perturbation technique and the effects of moderately large deformations are studied. The presented method obtains the results with fast convergence and high accuracy even in the regions near the boundaries. Highlights: • An analytical procedure based on the matched asymptotic expansion method is proposed for the static nonlinear analysis of composite cylindrical shells with a honeycomb core layer and non-uniform thickness. • The effect of moderately large deformation has been considered in the kinematic relations by assuming the nonlinear von Karman theory. • By conducting a parametric study, the effect of the honeycomb structure on the results is studied. • By adjusting the Poisson ratio, the effect of auxetic behavior on the nonlinear results is investigated.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2010

목련잎 추출액을 이용하여 Au core-Ag shell 합금 나노입자를 합성하였다. 환원제인 식물잎 추출액을 먼저 $HAuCl_4$ 용액과 반응시키고 다음에 $AgNO_3$ 용액과 반응시켜 금 seed와 은 shell을 형성시켰다. 반응시간에 따른 UV-visible spectroscopy의 변화를 모니터링하여 합금 나노입자의 형성을 관찰하였다. 합성된 합금 나노입자를 transmission electron microscopy(TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) 등으로 특성화 하였다. TEM image로부터 관찰된 합금 나노입자는 삼각형, 오각형, 육각형 등의 평판과 구 구조의 혼합물이었다. EDS와 XPS 분석으로부터 결정된 금/은 합금 나노입자의 원자 은 함량은 각각 34와 65 wt%로 Au core-Ag shell 나노구조가 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 core-shell 형태의 나노구조는 표면 강화 라만 분광 및 생물분자의 고감도 검출 등에 잠재적인 응용이 기대된다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.394-394
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• 2016

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell requires the use of Pt-based catalysts. Due to the high cost and low abundance of Pt, many researchers have been studied to reduce the use of Pt while to enhance the catalytic performance of Pt. One of the promising strategies is the deposition of Pt as ultrathin skins of only a few atomic layers on nanoscale substrates made of another metal. This presentation will discuss the conformal deposition of Pt as uniform, ultrathin shells on Pd nanocrystals. By optimizing the catalytic behavior of Pt-based nanocrystals, we obtained the greatly enhanced ORR activity and durability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3576-3580
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• 2012

Larva-like GaS nanostructures synthesized by the thermal evaporation of Ga metals and S powders were coated with $SiO_2$ by the sputtering technique. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the cores and shells of the GaS-core/$SiO_2$-shell larva-like nanostructures were single crystal wurtzite-type hexagonal structured-GaS and amorphous $SiO_2$, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature showed that the passivation of the larva-like GaS nanostructures was successfully achieved with $SiO_2$ without nearly harming the major emission from the wires. However, subsequent thermal annealing treatment was found to be undesirable owing to the degradation of their emission in intensity.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2024

This paper presents nonlinear vibration analysis of a composite cylindrical shell. The core of the shell is made of functionally graded (FG) porous materials and layers is fabricated of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced nanocomposites. To increase the accuracy of results, neutral surface position is considered. First-order shear deformation theory is used as displacement field to derive the basic relations of equation motions. In addition, von-Karman nonlinear strains are employed to account geometric nonlinearity and to enhance the results' precision, the exact position of the neutral surface is considered. To governing the partial equations of motion, the Hamilton's principle is used. To reduce the equation motions into a nonlinear motion equation, the Galerkin's approach is employed. After that the nonlinear motion equation is solved by multiple scales method. Effect of various parameters such as volume fraction and distribution of CNTs along the thickness directions, different patterns and efficiency coefficients of porous materials, geometric characteristics and initial conditions on nonlinear to linear ratio of frequency is investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.2683-2688
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• 2011

Silica-manganese oxides with a core-shell structure were synthesized via precipitation of manganese oxides on the $SiO_2$ core while varying the concentration of a precipitation agent. Elemental analysis, crystalline property investigation, and morphology observations using low- and high-resolution electron microscopes were applied to the synthesized silica-manganese oxides with the core-shell structure. As the concentration of the precipitating agent increased, the manganese oxide shells around the $SiO_2$ core sequentially appeared as $Mn_3O_4$ particles, $Mn_2O_3+Mn_3O_4$ thin layers, and ${\alpha}-MnO_2$ urchin-like phases. The prepared samples were assembled as electrodes in a supercapacitor with 0.1 M $Na_2SO_4$ electrolyte, and their electrochemical properties were examined using cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycling. The maximum specific capacitance obtained was 197 F $g^{-1}$ for the $SiO_2-MnO_2$ electrode due to the higher electronic conductivity of the $MnO_2$ shell compared to those of the $Mn_2O_3$ and $Mn_3O_4$ phases.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 2023

Three dimensional (3D) porous structures consisting of Cu@CoO core-shell-type nano-dendrites were synthesized and tested as the anode materials in lithium secondary batteries. For this purpose, first, the 3D porous films comprising Cu@Co core-shell-type nano-dendrites with various thicknesses were fabricated through the electrochemical co-deposition of Cu and Co. Then the Co shells were selectively anodized to form Co hydroxides, which was finally dehydrated to get Cu@CoO nanodendrites. The resulting electrodes exhibited very high reversible specific capacity almost 1.4~2.4 times the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite, and excellent capacity retention (~90%@50^th cycle) as compared with those of the existing transition metal oxides. From the analysis of the cumulative irreversible capacity and morphology change during charge/discharge cycling, it proved that the excellent capacity retention was attributed to the unique structural feature of our core-shell structure where only the thin CoO shell participates in the lithium storage. In addition, our electrodes showed a superb rate performance (70.5%@10.8 C-rate), most likely due to the open porous structure of 3D films, large surface area thanks to the dendritic structure, and fast electron transport through Cu core network.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2008

본 연구는 대기중에서 안정한 나노크기 영가철을 제조한 후 그 특성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. XRD, XPS 분석을 통해 인위적으로 4, 8, 12 mL/min 유량의 공기 접촉을 통해 형성된 shell의 두께는 5 nm로 모두 유사한 것으로 확인되었고, shell의 성분은 magnetite(${Fe_3}{O_4}$), maghemite(${\gamma}-{Fe_2}{O_3}$)가 주성분임을 확인할 수 있었다. 4, 8, 12 mL/min의 접촉 공기 유량에 따른 shell의 명확한 성분 및 두께 변화는 확인할 수 없었다. 반면 대기 중에서 공기와 급속으로 접촉시킨 나노크기 영가철의 경우는 TEM 분석 결과 shell 층이 확인되지 않았다. 4, 8, 12 mL/min의 유량으로 공기 접촉된 나노크기 영가철의 TCE 분해능($k_{obs}$= 0.111, 0.102, and 0.086 $hr^{-1}$) 또한 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, fresh한 나노크기 영가철에 비해서는 약 80%의 분해효율을 나타내었다. Fresh한 나노크기 영가철 및 4 mL/min과 급속으로 공기 접촉시킨 나노크기 영가철을 물속에서 1일 동안 물과 접촉시킨 후 분해능을 평가한 실험에서는 공기 접촉 후 바로 분해 실험한 것 보다 분해능이 모두 향상되었다. 이는 물과의 반응을 통해 shell 층이 벗겨져 순수한 Fe(0)와 TCE의 접촉이 빨라져서 일어난 결과로 판단되어진다. 또한 각각 1주일과 2달간 대기 중에서 방치한 후 분해 실험한 결과 공기 접촉 후 바로 분해 실험한 결과와 비교해서 분해능이 90%와 50%로 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과 일정 유량으로 공기 접촉 시킨 나노크기 영가철은 대기 중 산소에 안정하기 때문에 실제 현장 적용에 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

가교결합된 코어와 PBA, PS 더블-셸을 갖는 고분자 나노입자를 제조하고 압력가소 특성을 평가하였다. 더블-셸을 합성하기 위해 먼저, 가교된 코어입자를 St, DVB의 에멀션 중합을 통해서 제조하였으며, 이어서 PBA가 내부셸, PS가 외부셸을 형성하도록 3 단계의 연속적인 에멀션 중합을 수행하였다. 제조된 더블-셸 나노입자는 가교된 코어의 존재에도 불구하고 PBA, PS 간 압력상용성을 발견할 수 있었으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 반투명한 시편으로 압출성형될 수 있었다. 기계적 물성측정 결과, 성형물의 탄성계수는 더블-셸 나노입자의 크기에 직접적으로 연관됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 PBA가 과량으로 첨가된 시편의 경우, $25^{\circ}C$에서 재가공이 성공적으로 진행되어 5회의 연속된 압출성형에도 불구하고 0.55MPa의 탄성계수와 1.81 MPa의 파단강도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.771-791
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• 2018

This paper deals with the low velocity impact response and dynamic stresses of composite sandwich truncated conical shells (STCS) with compressible or incompressible core. Impacts are assumed to occur normally over the top face-sheet and the interaction between the impactor and the structure is simulated using a new equivalent three-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) spring-mass-damper (SMD) model. The displacement fields of core and face sheets are considered by higher order and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), respectively. Considering continuity boundary conditions between the layers, the motion equations are derived based on Hamilton's principal incorporating the curvature, in-plane stress of the core and the structural damping effects based on Kelvin-Voigt model. In order to obtain the contact force, the displacement histories and the dynamic stresses, the differential quadrature method (DQM) is used. The effects of different parameters such as number of the layers of the face sheets, boundary conditions, semi vertex angle of the cone, impact velocity of impactor, trapezoidal shape and in-plane stresses of the core are examined on the low velocity impact response of STCS. Comparison of the present results with those reported by other researchers, confirms the accuracy of the present method. Numerical results show that increasing the impact velocity of the impactor yields to increases in the maximum contact force and deflection, while the contact duration is decreased. In addition, the normal stresses induced in top layer are higher than bottom layer since the top layer is subjected to impact load. Furthermore, with considering structural damping, the contact force and dynamic deflection decrees.