• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.675-679
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• 1999

$PdCl_2$를 촉매제로 사용한 수소환원분위기에서 $Co(OH)_2$ 로부터 약 400nm크기인 구형의 코발트분말 제조에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 실험에서 코발트의 환원반응속도는 표면반응 코어모델식에 잘 일치하였으며 이때 활성화 에너지는 $145~195^{\circ}C$에서 약 55.6KJ/mol 이었다. 또한 코발트의 환원속도는 초기 수소분압의 0.63승에 비례하는 가스화학흡착반응식으로 표시할 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.209-224
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• 2001

The SSC-K system analysis code is under development at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) as a part of the KALIMER project. The SSC-K code is being used as the principal tool for analyzing a variety of off-normal conditions or accidents of the preliminary KALIMER design. The SSC-K code features a multiple-channel core representation coupled with a point kinetics model with reactivity feedback. It provides a detailed, one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic simulation of the primary and secondary sodium coolant circuits, as well as the balance-of-plant steam/water circuit. Recently a two-dimensional hot pool model was incorporated into SSC-K for analysis of thermal stratification phenomena in the hot pool. In addition, SSC-K contains detailed models for the passive decay heat removal system and a generalized plant control system. The SSC-K code has also been applied to the computational engine for an interactive simulation of the KALIMER plant. This paper presents an overview of the recent activities concerned with SSC-K code model development This paper focuses on both descriptions of the newly adopted thermal hydraulic and neutronic models, and applications to KALIMER analyses for typical anticipated transients without scram.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.26-39
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• 1988

Eudragit $RS^{\circledR}$ polymer was used as a wall material for the microencapsulation of aspirin by a phase separation method from chloroform-cyclohexane system with 5% polyisobutylene (PIB) in cyclohexane, and microcapsules obtained were evaluated by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), drug release and drug stability test. With PIB as a coacervation inducing agent, smooth and tight microcapsules with less aggregation were obtained. Below 1 : 0.3 core-wall ratio, it was possible to coat individual particle. Variation of production conditions showed that increasing the proportion of wall material, particle size and wall thickness of microcapsules and the concentration of paraffin wax in cyclohexane as a sealant sustained drug release rates effectively. SEM confirmed that larger microcapsules after drug release did not rupture into smaller particles but contained a few small pores on the surface. Aspirin release from Eudragit $RS^{\circledR}$ coated microcapsules was independent of the pH of medium, and the mechanism of drug release from non-sealed and sealed microcapsules appeared to fit Higuchi matrix model kinetics. Aspirin in the mixture of aspirin microcapsules and sodium bicarbonate was by far more stable than that in the mixture of pure aspirin and sodium bicarbonate.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 페로망간 제조공정에서 발생한 집진분의 황산침출에 대하여 조사하였다. 황산의 농도, 반응온도, 교반속도, 입자크기 및 고-액비가 집진분 중의 Mn과 Fe의 침출에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. Mn과 Fe의 침출속도는 황산의 농도가 높고 반응온도가 높을수록 높아졌다. 실험결과를 입자수축모델을 이용하여 검토한 결과 침출반응은 입자표면에서의 화학반응에 의해서 율속되는 것으로 생각된다. Mn과 Fe 침출반응의 활성화에너지는 각각 79.55 kJ/mol과 77.48 kJ/mol로 계산되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.455-465
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• 2021

The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), one of the six advanced reactor types of the 4th generation nuclear energy systems, has many impressive features including economic advantages, inherent safety and nuclear non-proliferation. This paper introduces a system analysis code named TREND, which is developed and used for the steady and transient simulation of MSRs. The TREND code calculates the distributions of pressure, velocity and temperature of single-phase flows by solving the conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy, along with a fluid state equation. Heat structures coupled with the fluid dynamics model is sufficient to meet the demands of modeling MSR system-level thermal-hydraulics. The core power is based on the point reactor neutron kinetics model calculated by the typical Runge-Kutta method. An incremental PID controller is inserted to adjust the operation behaviors. The verification and validation of the TREND code have been carried out in two aspects: detailed code-to-code comparison with established thermal-hydraulic system codes such as RELAP5, and validation with the experimental data from MSRE and the CIET facility (the University of California, Berkeley's Compact Integral Effects Test facility).The results indicate that TREND can be used in analyzing the transient behaviors of MSRs and will be improved by validating with more experimental results with the support of SINAP.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.156-168
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• 2023

This study investigates the high temperature oxidation behaviour of a Ni-20Cr-1.2Si (wt.%) alloy in steam from 1200 ℃ to 1350 ℃ by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrate that exposed Ni-based alloy developed a thin oxide scale, consisted mainly of Cr₂O₃. The oxidation kinetics obtained from the experimental results was applied to evaluate the hydrogen generation considering a simplified reactor core model with different cladding alloys following an unmitigated Loss-Of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario in a hypothetical Small Modular Reactor (SMR). Overall, experimental data and simulations results show that both Fe-based and Ni-based alloys may enhance cladding survivability, delaying its melting, as well as reducing hydrogen generation under accident conditions compared to Zr-based alloys. However, a substantial neutron absorption occurs when Ni-based alloys are used as cladding for current uranium-dioxide fuel systems, even when compared to Fe-based alloys.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1993

국내 가압 경수로는 핵연료 재장전후 해당 주기 노심핵설계의 타당성 및 안선 제한치의 만족 여부를 확인하기 위하여 저출력에서 노물리 시험을 수행한다. 그러나 고리 3호기 7주기를 포함한 일부 저출력 노물리 시험 중 step 반응도를 삽입한 후에도 반응도가 서서히 증가하는 기이한 현상이 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 시험시 중성자속 준위가 낮고 노외 핵계측기로 비보상형 전리함을 사용하기 때문에 감마 background가 존재하여 생기는 것이다. 이로 인해 노물리 시험 결과는 많은 오차를 포함할 수도 있는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 반응도가 증가하는 현상을 정량적으로 분석하고 기준 제어봉 제어능 측정 시험을 모사함으로써 노물리 시험 결과의 오차를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 이후의 노물리 시험에 적용하여 확인하였다. 또한 감마 background 준위를 산정한 후 중성자속 준위를 조정하여 기준 제어봉 제어능 측정 시험을 통해 감마 background의 영향을 받지 않는 중성자속 준위를 결정하였다. 결정된 중성자속 준위는 핵가열이 발생하는 중성자속의 3/10이다. 이것은 기존의 상한치보다 3배 증가된 것이다. 이 결과는 고리 4호기 7주기 및 영광 1호기 7주기 노물리 시험에 성공적으로 적용되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1998

금속수소화물 $LaNi_5$와 $LaNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$을 화학적 합성법으로 제조하여, 합성된 금속수소화물의 물성을 다양한 방법으로 확인하였다. $LaNi_5$와 $LaNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$은 2회 정도 수소화/탈수소화 반응을 시키면 활성화되었으며, 압력-농도-온도 곡선을 측정한 결과 각각 6개와 5.5개의 수소원자가 저장되었다. $LaNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$의 경우 수소화 반응속도를 초기속도법으로 구한 결과 비반응 수축핵모델이 잘 적용되었으며, 수소화반응의 율속단계는 $LaNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$의 표면에서 수소분자의 해리화학흡착임을 알 수 있었다. $LaNi_{4.5}Al_{0.5}$의 수소화반응 활성화에너지는 $9.506kcal/mol-H_2$이었으며, 반응속도식은 273~343K와 $P_o-P_{eq}=0.25{\sim}0.66atm$의 범위에서 아래와 같이 표시되었다. $\frac{dX}{dt}=4.636(P_o-P_{eq})$ exp$\frac{-9506}{RT}$).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2006

Identification of accessible sites in targeted RNAs is a major limitation to the effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides. A class of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, known as the “10-23” DNA enzyme or DNAzyme, which is a small catalytic DNA, has been shown to efficiently cleave target RNA at purine-pyrimidine junctions in vitro. We have designed a strategy to identify accessible cleavage sites in the target RNA, which is hepatitis C virus nonstructural gene 3 (HCV NS3) RNA that encodes viral helicase and protease, from a pool of random DNAzyme library. A pool of DNAzymes of 58 nucleotides-length that possess randomized annealing arms, catalytic core sequence, and fixed 5'/3'-end flanking sequences was designed and screened for their ability to cleave the target RNA. The screening procedure, which includes binding of DNAzyme pool to the target RNA under inactive condition, selection and amplification of active DNAzymes, incubation of the selected DNAzymes with the target RNA, and target site identification on sequencing gels, identified 16 potential cleavage sites in the target RNA. Corresponding DNAzymes were constructed for the selected target sites and were tested for RNA-cleavage in terms of kinetics and accessibility. These selected DNAzymes were effective in cleaving the target RNA in the presence of $Mg^{2+}$. This strategy can be applicable to identify accessible sites in any target RNA for antisense oligonucleotides-based gene inactivation methods.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

Two typical animal waste management practices, composting and stockpiling, were evaluated for their effect on the degradation of three veterinary antibiotics (VAs), chlortetracycline (CTC), tylosin (TYL), and monensin (MNS). The VAs were applied to horse manure plots subject to composting or stockpiling, and core samples were collected over a period of time. Selected buffer solutions were used to extract the VAs and analysis for concentration was conducted with solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) technique. The VAs demonstrated rapid dissipation within ten days followed by a gradual decrease in concentration until the end of the experimental period (141 days). All three VAs degraded more rapidly in the composting samples than in the stockpiling samples, particularly between 20 and 60 days of the observation period. Degradation of the three VAs generally followed a first-order kinetic model, and a fitted model with a calculated rate constant was determined for each treatment. TYL in composting showed the fastest degradation, with a calculated rate constant of $0.91day^{-1}$; the slowest degradation was exhibited by MNS in stockpiling, with rate constant of $0.17day^{-1}$. Calculated correlation coefficients ranged from 0.89 to 0.96, indicating a strong correlation between measured concentrations and fitted values in this study. Although concentration of TYL in composting treatment showed below detection limit during the test period, this study suggests that composting can reduce animal waste contaminants prior to field application as fertilizer.