• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.525-530
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• 2004

In this paper, the optimum design of tire sidewall contour consisted of double plies for improving automobile maneuverability and tire durability is considered and a GUI program is developed for the purpose of the practical design. Each improvement of maneuverability and durability depends on the cord tension and strain energy distribution of tire sidewall. Satisfing trade-off method, which requires the judgment of aspiration levels, is used for the multi-objective optimization problem. Also, this paper presents the application to the practical sidewall contour design with the GUI program developed using visual Fortran.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.699-701
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• 2010

Purpose: Mondor's disease is a rare benign condition which involves thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and anterior chest wall after breast surgery, breast tissue biopsy, inflammatory reaction, breast cancer, trauma. The affected veins include the lateral thoracic, axillary veins, thoracoepigastric veins and superior epigastric veins. Methods: A 49-year-old woman presented to the outpatient department with complaints of the sudden appearance of a subcutaneous cord just under the skin at left lower lateral abdominal wall 1 month later of bilateral mastectomy due to both severe breast paraffinoma. The cord was initially red and tender and subsequently became a painless, tough, fibrous band that was accompanied by tension and skin retraction. Results: On ultrasonographic findings, palpable threadlike structures at both lateral superficial abdominal wall after bilateral mastectomy were noted. Superficial short elongated hypoechoic tubular structures were noted just under the skin at palpable lower lateral abdominal wall. It was compatible to Mondor's disease of thoracoepigastric vein. Conclusion: The increase in breast surgery will give rise to the increase in the frequency of Mondor's disease clinically. Mondor's disease can be diagnosed with clinical symptoms and image findings and the disease has proved to be benign and self-limited.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2019

Background and Objectives : The goal of this study is to present a strategy for improving the self-regulation (SR) ability and facilitating the change of vocal behavior by applying voice therapy using the SR concept to the patients with vocal cord nodule and muscle tension dysphonia. Materials and Method : The subjects were 80 patients and 80 patients who were diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia and vocal nodules. As a control group, the results were compared among patients with the same dysphonia without using SR strategies. The concept of SR before voice therapy was explained to the patients, and the treatment was divided into three stages according to the goal of voice therapy. The treatment stages consist of 1) skill acquisition, 2) habit formation, and 3) habit changes. voice therapy was performed by applying SR strategies such as goal implementation intentions and a less routine behavior. Patient's dropout rates were measured to compare the adherence of voice therapy. Results : Significant improvement was seen in all groups receiving voice therapy. However, in the group using the SR strategy, the voice analysis results showed a relatively low dropout rate of voice therapy. In the generalization confirmation stage, patients who applied SR concept showed better results. SR strategy did no longer be necessary to maintain newly adopted vocal behavior. Conclusion : The results of this study show that SR is one of the cognitive factors that can have a significant impact on the outcome of voice therapy, and also has a positive impact on the acquisition and generalization of new skills. A better understanding of SR and the development of therapeutic strategies using it will play an important role in solving voice problems in clinical settings.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

Failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood is called "mutational dysphonia" The voice is weak, thin, breathy, hoarse, and mono-pitched. If the voice theraphy was failed, surgery to lower vocal pitch which is refered to thyroplasty type III, is indicated. We compared the post-op acoustic parameters with pre-op data in unilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method and bilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method each other. Bilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method shows significant drop of fundamental frequency and speaking fundamental frequency statistically than unilateral shortening method. There was no significant differences in Jitter, Shimmer, SNR, MFR and other psychoacoustic analysiss parameters between two groups. These data shows that unequal tension of the vocal cord in uilateral antero-posterior shortening of the thyroid cartilage method does not control the pitch effectively so bilatreal shortening method in Type III thyroplasty is recommandable procedure in surgery of the mutational dysphonia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 1989

Although tail flick reflex (TFR) in rats has been used as a classic model of the nociceptive test to evaluate the action of analgesics, there have been few studies on the origin of the latent period of TFR. Present study was performed to elucidate the mechanism of increase in latency of TFR by morphine in anesthetized rats. Tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were stimulated electrically and EMG activities were recorded from abductor caudae dorsalis muscle participating in tail flick reflex. In the case of noxious radiant heat stimulation to tail, the tail flick tension was recorded before and after administration of morphine. Then changes in latency and conduction velocity of peripheral nerve were evaluated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The latencies of TFR evoked by the electrical stimulation of tail skin and dorsolateral tail nerve were all within 40 ms and were elongated by several milliseconds from control after the administration of morphine. Peripheral conduction velocities of tail flick afferent nerve were within the range of 10-25 m/s. 2) The conduction velocity of peripheral nerve was significantly reduced after morphine administration, therefore the afferent time (utilization time+conduction time to spinal cord) was significantly increased. But the time for central delay and efferent time was not affected by morphine. 3) The conduction velocity under room temperature $(20-25^{\circ}C)$ was significantly reduced after morphine while that under vasodilation state $(40{\sim}42^{\circ}C)$ increased, 30 min and 45 min after morphine. The conduction velocity under vasodilation state without treatment of morphine increased continuously 4) The latency in tension response of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation was elongated by several milliseconds from control while the latency evoked by noxious radiant heat was elongated by several seconds compared with that of control. From the above results, it could be concluded that: 1) the increased latency of TFR evoked by electrical stimulation of the tail after morphine administration was due to the reducton in conduction velocity of peripheral nerve, which was the secondry effect of morphine on the peripheral vasomotion and 2) increased latency of TFR evoked by noxious radiant heat was also due to the same effect of morphine and the increase in cutaneous insulation to the noxious heat.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2017

Background Lipedema is a condition consisting of painful bilateral increases in subcutaneous fat and interstitial fluid in the limbs with secondary lymphedema and fibrosis during later stages. Combined decongestive therapy (CDT) is the standard of care in most countries. Since the introduction of tumescent technique, liposuction has been used as a surgical treatment option. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of liposuction used as treatment for lipedema. Methods Twenty-five patients who received 72 liposuction procedures for the treatment of lipedema completed a standardized questionnaire. Lipedema-associated complaints and the need for CDT were assessed for the preoperative period and during 2 separate postoperative follow-ups using a visual analog scale and a composite CDT score. The mean follow-up times for the first postoperative follow-up and the second postoperative follow-up were 16 months and 37 months, respectively. Results Patients showed significant reductions in spontaneous pain, sensitivity to pressure, feeling of tension, bruising, cosmetic impairment, and general impairment to quality of life from the preoperative period to the first postoperative follow-up, and these results remained consistent until the second postoperative follow-up. A comparison of the preoperative period to the last postoperative follow-up, after 4 patients without full preoperative CDT were excluded from the analysis, indicated that the need for CDT was reduced significantly. An analysis of the different stages of the disease also indicated that better and more sustainable results could be achieved if patients were treated in earlier stages. Conclusions Liposuction is effective in the treatment of lipedema and leads to an improvement in quality of life and a decrease in the need for conservative therapy.

• 대한치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program to show the effects on elderly people with dementia by presenting them to clinics and welfare facilities such as long-term care facilities. Method: This study was conducted in 20 elderly patients with dementia and randomly assigned to exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program. After screening the subjects for compliance with the criteria, Before starting the experiment, activites of daily living, depression, and nitive evaluation were performed. After 8 weeks, 3 times per week, 40 minutes per intervention, and 4 and 8 weeks, respectively K-MBI, GDSSF-K and MMSE-K were used to evaluate the differences between the experimental and control groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the daily activities, depression, and cognitive scores between the groups of exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program group. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups after training (p<.05). Particularly, there was statistically significant difference in post-training cognitive evaluation (MMSE-K) only in the exercise program combined with spaced retrieval group (p<.05) Conclusion: This study suggests that exercise program combined with spaced retrieval is more effective in improving cognitive ability. This suggests that the exercise program combined with spaced retrieval is more effective.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.792-798
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• 1998

배경: 기관의 폐쇄 질환은 기관 삽관과 기관 절개술에 의한 협착, 기관 종양, 갑상선 종양, 기관내 결핵등 다양한 질환이 원인이 될 수 있는데 최근 이런 기관 질환에 대해 병변 부위를 완전히 절제한 후 단단 문합 술을 시행하여 좋은 결과를 얻고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 이에 저자들은 1985년에서 1996년까지 38명의 기관 폐쇄 병변에 대해 실시한 기관 절제 및 재건술의 성적과 결과를 분석하였다. 기관 절제 길이는 2 cm이하에서 6 cm까지 다양하였으며, 수술 방법은 경부 횡절개 22례, 경부 및 부분 흉골 정중절개 12명, 우측 흉부절개 를 4례에서 시행하였으며, 기관 병변 주위를 완전 절제한후 32명의 환자에서 기관 단단 문합술을, 6명의 환자에게 윤상연골 절제가 동반된 후두 기관 문합술을 시행하였다. 이중 3명에서 봉합부 장력을 감소시키기 위해 후두 분리가 필요하였다. 결과: 합병증으로 창상 감염 4례, 문합 부위 육아종 증식 2례, 성대 마비 1례, 폐렴 2례, 전신성 캔디디아시스 1례가 발생하여 그중 수술전 의식이 명료하지 않아서 수술후 T-tnbe 삽입이 필요하였던 2명 환자가 폐렴에 의해, 외상에 의해 전신성 캔디디아시스가 발생한 1례가 사망하였다. 결론: 이상의 성적으로 6 cm 까지의 기관 병변에서 기관 절제가 재건술로 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있었으나 의식 상태나 전신상태가 나쁜 환자에서의 기관절제와 재건술은 수술후 합병증 및 사망률이 높으므로 보존적 치료가 좋을 것으로 사료된다.