• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2013

This paper studied the stress of Metropolitan Transit driving crews. Stress to such workers can not only lead to fatalities and infrastructure damage but also enormous loss of competitiveness. The study was carried out to search for ways of alleviating stress of driving crews. In order to reduce the various factors that exacerbate job stress of driving crews of Metropolitan Transit, it is first necessary to expand training in order to enhance their expertise, and improve facilities to protect driving crews in the event of accidents. Second, psychological compensation or organization's systems may cause job stress. It may therefore be possible to solve fundamental problems through typical organization level approach such as leadership training programs. Third, job stress may be reduced through proper life habits such as personal regular exercise. Fourth, we need to improve driving crews' working conditions and adjust working hours by avoiding excessive performance competition and an unfair evaluation system, by understanding their mental states, and by setting up systems such as a comprehensive health improvement and management program at the organization level.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.377-387
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• 2021

This is a descriptive study to show the basis for program development to relieve depression by finding what factors influence depression of late middle-aged men. This research is the secondary analysis which was conducted with the data of 124 people and the primary data from 2018. As a result of this study, the main factors influencing depression of late middle-aged men are job stress, family bond, anxiety in later life and educational background with 70.8% of the total explanatory power. Therefore, it will be needed ways to strengthen positive coping skills for job stress & family bonds and development and application of programs to relieve depression of late middle-aged men. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the coping skills of people who are vulnerable to depression through customized programs considering differences in educational background when developing programs.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2004

Relapse is one of the most series problems in alcoholics treatment. Previous studies have shown that significant proportions of treated alcoholics show an early relapse and go through a chronic phase. It is necessity to find more effective relapse prevention program. The Purpose of this study was to develop a relapse prevention program that emphasis on group activities using various action methods. Previous studies revealed that there was no effective therapeutic strategy to prevent relapse and proposed that action methods were more practical ways to be able ti cope with high-risk situation than verbal methods such as discussions and lectures. The special attempt of this program was the application of various actions methods and the integration of many psychosocial therapeutic strategies as compared with many relapse prevention programs. The theoretical framework of this relapse prevention program was based on mainly the Marlatt's Relapse Prevention model and Prochescha and DiClemente's Transtheoretical model. This Program consists of eight structure sessions. Every session has three phase: Warm-up phase, action phase, and sharing phase as sociodrama structure. Sociodrama is based on many of the principles of adult learning. And sociodrama looks at how groups work through an understanding of systems and role theory. Therefore, in working with a group a therapist might explore with them the roles that people play, roles that are missing at present such a visionary and how people can develop new roles or new ways of playing existing roles. The researchers explained the purpose of this study to all participants after their agreement to participate. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from all participants. Every session allows participants to recognize personal specific high-risk situation and to examine possible coping behaviors creatively. Multiple solutions can be proposed, tested and evaluated dramatically, giving new insights or breakthroughs in thinking. This is vital for the initiation of change, and if appropriate, expanding new role development. The first two sessions aim at understanding of relapse process and recognize of high-risk situations focused on orientation about action methods. The next four sessions deal with high-risk situations. The last two sessions give participants opportunities to venture new life-styles. The methods and approaches used in this program utilized as a tool to explore and practice possible coping strategies. and this program can contribute to prevent relapse episode if tune with the particular high-risk situation by using active practices in safe environment.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.366-376
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of coping made by CAD/CAM using different scanning methods. Zirconia coping was made by each CAD/CAM system followed by intra-oral scanning, model optical scanning and model contact scanning. It was embedded into Epoxy Resin and was cut by buccal to lingual. AMD (Absolute marginal discrepancy), MG (Marginal gap), GA (Gap of axial), GL (Gap of line angle) and GO (Gap of occlusal) of each sample were measured. The result is as followed; 1. The mean value of AMD in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 are $141.21{\pm}42.94{\mu}m$, $140.63{\pm}31.64{\mu}m$, $109.37{\pm}28.42{\mu}m$. The averages of MG in Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 are $82.52{\pm}43.99{\mu}m$, $90.28{\pm}27.93{\mu}m$, $66.55{\pm}28.77{\mu}m$. Statistically there is no difference in AMD and MG among the three Groups (Anova, P>0.05). 2. GA of Group 2 revealed statistically difference compared with Group 1 and Group 3 (Anova, P<0.05). 3. GL and GO of Group 1 showed statistically significant differences compared with Group 2 and Group 3 (Mann-whitney test (P<0.05). Zirconia copings made by 3 ways of scanning methods have no difference with conventional ceramics in AMD and MG which are known as the most important factors.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.293-308
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• 2017

This study aims to examine Life Managers for Elderly People Living Alone (LMEPLAs) in Seoul regarding their traumatic experience and the status of their posttraumatic stress disorder and also how they are coping with it in order to find out ways to improve it. As a study method, we investigated LMEPLAs in Seoul through a self-administered survey regarding whether they had faced any traumatic experience, types of their traumatic experience, diagnosis on posttraumatic stress, and the status of their coping with traumatic experience. According to the study results, 186 respondents (37.57%) have been found to indicate either partial or complete posttraumatic stress symptoms, but the status of their coping with it is very poor. The followings are the results of our discussion. First, it is needed to find out life managers suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder and build up a system to manage them consistently. Second, it is necessary to vitalize education about traumatic experience and posttraumatic stress management. Third, it is urgently needed to build up a system to support life managers who have faced any traumatic experience or been diagnosed to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Fourth, it is demanded to cultivate and arrange experts equipped with specialized knowledge and technique. Fifth, it is needed for them to build a network with medical institutes to receive a prompt diagnosis and specialized treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.475-487
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• 2016

Recently, various risks of smartphone hacking are emerging. Smishing crime techniques become more cunning and its damage has been increasing, thereby requiring effective ways of preventing and coping with smishing. Especially, it is emphasized the need for smartphone users' security awareness and training besides technological approach. This study investigates the effective method for providing news messages in order to improve the perception of risk from smishing. This research empirically examines that the degree of optimistic bias on risk perception can vary depending on news frame, topic type, and involvement regarding smishing. Based on the findings, it identifies the factors influencing risk perception and verifies effective ways of promoting individual security awareness on smishing. The results of this study provide implications that assist in educating, campaigning and promoting information security awareness for smart device users.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.290-298
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• 2015

Purpose. This study aimed to explore family caregivers' experiences with ventilator-dependent patients at home. Methods. The number of patients using mechanical ventilators at home is expected to increase and family caregivers must be able to care for them. However, few studies focus on the experiences of family caregivers. We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 family caregivers who cared for a ventilator-dependent patient at home in South Korea. Data were analyzed using phenomenological method of enquiry. Results. Statements generated from the interviews on the meaning of the family caregiver's experiences were organized into 27 themes, 5 theme clusters, and 2 categories. The theme clusters included endurance under the burden situation, role strain as a caregiver, separation from others, trying to find coping methods, and oriental ethnical customs. Family caregivers of patients using domestic mechanical ventilators need systematic education and emotional support to cope with the challenges of managing ventilator equipment and learning new ways of communicating with patients on the ventilators. Conclusion. These findings may contribute to family caregivers' knowledge and competence, thereby allowing them to better support their ventilator-dependent family members.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.56-61
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• 2000

Cognition and control of grinding trouble occurring during the grinding process are classified into a quantitative knowledge which depends on experimental data and qualitative knowledge which relies on skilful engineers. Grinding operations include a large number of functional parameters, since there are several ways of coping with grinding trouble. One is the qualitative method which depends on empirical knowledge utilizing the skilful experts from the workship, the other is the quantitative method which utilizes the experimental data obtained by a sensor. But, they are all difficult to accomplish from the grinding trouble-shooting system. The reason is that grinding troubles are now easily controlled in the quantitative method, and therefore, trouble-shooting has mainly relied on the knowledge of skilful engineers. Thus, there is an important issue of how a grinding trouble-shooting system can be designed and what knowledge is utilized among the large amount of grinding trouble information. In this paper, basic strategy to develop the grinding database of rule-based model, which is strongly depended upon experience and intuition , is described.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

The purpose of the study were to investigate the effect of laughter program on the stress of nursing college students in clinical practice. The research design is one group pretest-posttest survey. Thirty-eight nursing college students took part in the study. Laughter program was carried out for 1hour 6weeks. Laughter program showed significant change on the state anxiety, mood-emotion, laughter index, subjective stress and self esteem. The acquired data were analyzed with SPSS/win 15.0 using descriptive methods paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient. The research producted following results: Laughter program can be effective to decrease the clinical practice stress; anxiety, mood-emotion and subjective stress index. Laughter program can be effective to increase laughter index and self esteem of nursing college students. Based on the study, It is necessary to repeat studies and considering to develop proper methods of clinical practice stress of nursing college students. This study recommends that laughter program coupled with cognitive approaches could affect ways of nursing college students coping with stress and contribute to the improvement from increasing their satisfaction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1577-1580
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• 2005

With remarkable growth of using Internet, attempts to try intrusions on network are now increasing. Intrusion Detection System is a security system which detects and copes illegal intrusions. Especially with increasing dispersive attacks through network, concerns for this Distributed Intrusion Detection are also rising. The previous Intrusion Detection System has difficulty in coping cause it detects intrusions only on particular network and only same segment. About same attacks, system lacks capacity of combining information and related data. Also it lacks cooperations against intrusions. Systematic and general security controls can make it possible to detect intrusions and deal with intrusions and predict. This paper considers Distributed Intrusion Detection preventing attacks and suggests the way sending active packets between nodes safely and performing in corresponding active node certainly. This study suggested improved E-IDS system which prevents service attacks and also studied sending messages safely by encoding. Encoding decreases security attacks in active network. Also described effective ways of dealing intrusions when misuses happens thorough case study. Previous network nodes can't deal with hacking and misuses happened in the middle nodes at all, cause it just encodes ends. With above suggested ideas, problems caused by security services can be improved.