• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the unique entrepreneurial behavioral attributes of social enterprises that are distinct from for-profit enterprises at the organizational level, derive a social entrepreneurship model that reflects the unique characteristics of social enterprises as strategic decision-making and organizational behavioral tendencies. In order to effectively achieve the purpose of this study, previous studies were reviewed, and qualitative studies were conducted using the grounded theory method based on this. In this study, social entrepreneurship was identified as five sub-factors through a series of analysis processes, and 'Social value orientation; Innovativeness; Pro-activeness; Risk taking; Cooperation orientation' was newly proposed. It also proposed a new social entrepreneurship framework that integrates and explains the multidimensional model of social entrepreneurship by reviewing and connecting the relationships between each sub-factor of the research model. The 'social entrepreneurship framework' classified the social entrepreneurship model into 'pro-social motivation', 'pro-social behavior', and 'entrepreneurial behavior' attributes and explained them by linking them with each sub-factor that constitutes social entrepreneurship. The most remarkable difference between this study and previous studies is that it identified and added 'Cooperation orientation' as a sub-factor constituting social entrepreneurship from the organizational-level behavioral point of view. Through this study, 'Cooperation orientation' was identified as a major behavioral tendency for social enterprises to materialize pro-social motivation, strengthen the economic foundation of business activities, and improve the efficiency of business operations. 'Cooperation orientation' is a major behavioral tendency that strengthens the legitimacy of business activities between pro-social motivation and profit-seeking of social enterprises, improves the performance of social value creation activities, and overcomes the difficulties of resource constraints through cooperation with the outside and improves operational efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that 'Cooperation orientation' is a major behavioral tendency of social enterprises that is manifested simultaneously in social value-oriented activities and entrepreneurial activities pursuing profit. The 'Cooperation orientation' newly identified in the study supplements the previous research, increases the explanatory power of the theory of social entrepreneurship, and provides the basis for theoretical expansion to subsequent researchers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1444-1454
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• 2020

Objective: Cold stress induces oxidative damage and impairs energy status of broilers. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits antioxidant properties and modulates energy metabolism of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NAC on energy status and antioxidant capacity of heart and liver in the cold-stressed broilers. Methods: The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or plus 0.1% NAC) and two ambient temperatures (thermoneutral [conventional ambient temperature] or cold stress [10℃±1℃ during days 15 to 42]). Results: No ascites were seen in cold-stressed broilers. NAC did not attenuate the impaired growth performance of stressed birds. However, NAC decreased plasma asparagine but increased aspartate levels in cold-stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but elevated adenosine diphosphate contents in unstressed birds (p<0.05). The hepatic ratio of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to ATP was increased in birds fed NAC (p<0.05). NAC decreased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cardiac total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in unstressed birds, but increased hepatic activities of T-SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in stressed birds (p<0.05). NAC down-regulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase but up-regulated cardiac heme-oxigenase mRNA expression in stressed birds, and decreased expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α as well as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in liver and heart of birds. Conclusion: Dietary NAC did not affect energy status but enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in cold-stressed broilers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.207-228
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• 2011

In the situation that crime is diversified qualitatively and quantitatively, the mutual cooperation system between police and private security is very important to cope with the change of policing environment properly. The primary purpose of this study is to suggest the method to improve the policing service quality of police and advance sound security industry by analyzing the case of close mutual cooperation system between police and private security of USA, which can be called the best country in the field of private security. When considering the cases of USA synthetically, we can know that as the most basic characteristic, the discussion over actual cooperation method is performed on the basis of positive recognition over mutual existence of police or private security. It means that the mutual relationship is based on the basic recognition over partner relationship to meet citizen's desire for safety. While reviewing the cases of USA, Korea shall refer to the fact that social safety activities of advanced countries display effects because of many factors such as various mutual cooperation programs between police and private security, efforts of local government, high quality of private security, reliance of citizen and general understanding of police, private security and citizen to solve crime problem. As shown in the review of USA cases, when considering the fact that the mutual cooperation between police and private security is performed in the level of autonomous police, Korea shall perform autonomous police system to provide better policing service, which is close to citizen.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.337-342
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• 2018

A rain water pumping station is a structural countermeasure to inland flooding of domestic water generated in a urban watershed. In this study, the optimal operation water level of the pump with the minimum overflow was determined based on the opinions of the person in charge of the operation of the rain water pump station. A GA (Genetic Algorithm), which is an optimization technique, was used to estimate the optimal operation water level of the rain water pump station and was linked with SWMM (Ver.5.1) DLL, which is a rainfall-runoff model of an urban watershed. Considering the time required to maximize the efficiency of the pump, the optimal operating water level was estimated. As a result, the overall water level decreased at a lower operating water level than the existing water level. For most pumps, the lowest operating water level was selected for the operating range of each pump unit. The operation of the initial pump could reduce the amount of overflow, and there was no change in the overflow reduction, even after changing the operation condition of the pump. Internal water flooding reduction was calculated to be 1%~2%, and the overflow occurring in the downstream area was reduced. The operating point of the pump was judged to be an effective operation from a mechanical and practical point of view. A consideration of the operating conditions of the pump in future, will be helpful for improving the efficiency of the pump and to reducing inland flooding.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1054-1060
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• 2012

In order to analyze the influence of career self-efficacy on risk taking level in university students, career self-efficacy which becomes the basis of active occupational exploration was classified into four items including self evaluation, goal setting, occupational information and problem solving. Risk taking level was divided into three items of occupational selection, monetary management and human relation. 450 surveys were distributed to four-year university students in Seoul, capital area and rural area for three weeks from November 26 until December 17, 2011, among which 402 surveys were accepted as effective study subjects. Among items of career self-efficacy, most significant influence on self evaluation was shown in group with high risk taking level in monetary management, and problem solving had most significant influence in groups with high risk taking level in occupational selection and human relation. As a result, occupational information was found to have negative (-) influence on all items of risk taking level, with increasing degree of influence on occupational information for subjects showing lower degree of risk taking level. This study provides detailed analysis on individual's work task called risk taking level based on different occupational types, offering new verification of career self-efficacy as the most fundamental element of occupational exploration to university students looking for employment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.499-508
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the participants' motivation, successful aging level, health behavior and depression level, and to find out the correlation in order to develop a self-management program that helps women successfully age after menopause and lower depression. The study data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, and one-way ANOVA for 252 postmenopausal women. The results of the study showed that the difference in the level of exercise participation motivation and successful aging according to general characteristics showed statistically significant differences according to health level, exercise type, exercise help, residence, etc. The level of health behavior and depression differed significantly according to age, health level, type of exercise, and exercise period, etc. In addition, the level of depression was significantly different according to cohabitation family. The correlation analysis result showed that the correlation coefficient between exercise participation motivation, successful aging, and health behavior was significant at the level of .001, and between depression and health behavior at the level of correlation coefficient of .05. We conclude that it is very important to develop a self-managed exercise program for postmenopausal women, as it will help successful aging and reduce depression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.167-178
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• 2021

Since 2014, the quality level survey of the defense industry has been carried out annually. The need for this was felt as the quality control policy was inadequately reflected in the survey results. In this study, to secure valid and reliable data, the quality level survey measurement indicators and questionnaires used previously were analyzed and developed as customized papers according to the size of the company. The questionnaire index was simplified through the elimination of unnecessary and redundant items to improve the response rate and reliability. In addition, a comprehensive score was computed based on the improvement index so that the result of the quantitative quality level survey could be calculated. Through this, it was possible to determine the quality level attained by the defense industry. Through the quality level survey, we intend to secure data that can analyze the quality management environment to maintain quality levels of the defense industry and identify ways to establish mid-to-long-term quality management strategies and improve systems to enhance the quality level of the defense industry in the future.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.109-132
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• 2002

In the information society there the utilization of digital resources via networks has increased, expanded are the pole of special libraries and information centers as specialized channels for communicating research information. This study examines the current development ind cooperation among special libraries and information centers and the problems relating to their concepts, scopes, regulations, and policies. In order to strengthen the activities of special libraries and information centers, reviewed are: (1) how to redefine the concept of special libraries and information center, 2) to establish an organization for co-ordinating research information at national level, 3) to support systematically the activities of special libraries and information centers in the private sector, and 4) to resolve the problems in improving efficiency and effectiveness of their information activities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1359-1375
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• 2015

Energy efficiency is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since sensor nodes usually have very limited energy supply from battery. Sleep scheduling and nodes cooperation are two of the most efficient methods to achieve energy conservation in WSNs. In this paper, we propose an adaptive energy optimization approach for target tracking applications, called Energy-Efficient Node Coordination (EENC), which is based on the grid structure. EENC provides an unambiguous calculation and analysis for optimal the nodes cooperation theoretically. In EENC, the sleep schedule of sensor nodes is locally synchronized and globally unsynchronized. Locally in each grid, the sleep schedule of all nodes is synchronized by the grid head, while globally the sleep schedule of each grid is independent and is determined by the proposed scheme. For dynamic sleep scheduling in tracking state we propose a multi-level coordination algorithm to find an optimal nodes cooperation of the network to maximize the energy conservation while preserving the tracking performance. Experimental results show that EENC can achieve energy saving of at least 38.2% compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2016

The main security threats in MANET are integrity and non-repudiation. In the meantime, a lot of secure routing protocols have been designed in order to block these security threats. In this paper, partnership-based authentication technique is proposed in order to provide participation exclusion of network and non-repudiation for the nodes. The proposed technique is a technique that participates in data communication for only the nodes receiving the authentication through the authentication process for the nodes. For this, the proposed technique is largely consists of two steps. The first step is the process that issued the certificate after the reliability for the nodes participating in the network is evaluated. And in the second step, the key exchange agreement with the neighbor nodes is performed and data communication is made after setting security path with responding nodes. The level of security in data transmission is improved because the process of path setting is performed through cooperation with a neighboring nodes having high reliability during the course of these two steps. The superiority of proposed technique in this paper was confirmed through the comparative experiment.