• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2007

The 3 Northeast Asian countries of Korea, Japan and China have been stricter to each other than to other countries of out-region in air liberalization. The prominent reason of this intra-regional protective policy in air transportation seems to be the difference in competitive strength of their national flag carriers. As the 3 countries realize the importance of their mutual cooperation in the region, since China grows to be one of the leading economies in the world and the intra-regional trade and visitors increase tremendously, they are now taking the policy of intra-regional air liberalization more vigorously than before. Especially air cargo liberalization is easier than air passenger liberalization because they realize that the development of open economy is based on free flow of logistics regardless of the competitiveness of their national flag carriers. As Korea is the leading country in the region to promote air liberalization, this paper reviews the importance and growing trend of air cargo, analyzes current air liberalization policy between Korea, Japan and China and the initial effects of open sky in the routes of Shandung-Korea, and suggests the new policies of air liberalization to promote free flow of air logistics.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1388-1397
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• 2015

최근 NFC 기반의 모바일 디바이스를 이용하여 모바일 쿠폰 시스템을 구현하는 응용 비즈니스 모델이 제안되었다. 본 논문에서는 안전한 모바일 쿠폰 시스템을 위한 보안 요구 사항을 살펴보고 기존에 제시된 프로토콜에 대해 보안성 침해요소를 분석하였다. 그리고 구현의 효율성과 안전성을 고려하여 D-H(Diffie-Hellman) 키 일치 기법에 기반한 새로운 모바일 쿠폰 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 제안한 프로토콜은 공개 키 기반 구조나 비밀 키 분배 문제를 해결하면서 사용자 인증 기능을 제공하며 중계 공격에도 대응할 수 있도록 설계되었다.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2002년도 제21회 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.225-237
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• 2002

The term "Strategic Alliance" which is not exactly defined in legal sector can apply to a wide variety of collaborative activities between firms, In spite of the vague conception Strategic Alliance, it has many benefit in the market. Especially, cooperation in R&D may reduce duplicative and unnecessary costs, lead to significant exchange of ideas and experience and thus result in products and technologies being developed more rapidly than would otherwise be the case. As a general rule, R&D cooperation tends to increase overall R&D activities. However, R&D agreements may cause competition problems such as restrictives effects on prices, output, innovation and variety or quality of products, To prevent its problems, competition authorities set out guidelines. The antitrust analysis of strategic alliances including R&D cooperation will vary according the substance of the actual agreement.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore the emergence of Chinese economy and the possibility of economic cooperation between the East Asian countries, which will facilitate the solution to structural problems in the economy and industries of these countries. This study presents that China will remain essential to the East Asian economy and changes are anticipated in its economic growth rate, growth strategy and risks. How to respond to them will be the critical movement that will determine the future course of the East Asian economy. To solve this question, firstly each government of East Asian countries needs to come up with strategies that will leverage China for their industrial upgrade and economic development even when the risks facing China are realized. Second, each government of East Asian countries should make a wise approach towards a free trade agreement between EATR and China.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2018

공동연구 참여기관의 협력요소와 공동연구성과 간의 인과관계를 협력적 노력의 매개효과와 함께 분석하였다. 협력요소는 공동연구성과의 영향요인으로 사용되는 전략적 합의, 자원 보완성, 신뢰, 흡수역량으로 구성된 2차 요인이다. 공동연구성과에 대한 영향을 분석함에 있어 공동연구 참여를 결정하는 요인인 협력요소와 공동연구 수행 과정에서 성과에 영향을 줄 수 있는 협력적 노력을 구분하고자 하였다. 즉, 공동연구 수행 전과 수행 과정의 영향요인이 공동연구성과에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 구분하여 분석하고자 하였다. 결과를 종합하면 첫째, 전략적 합의, 자원 보완성, 신뢰, 흡수역량은 협력요소라는 2차 요인으로 구성하는 것이 적합하며, 협력요소는 장기 및 단기 공동연구성과 모두에 정의 유의한 영향을 갖는다. 둘째, 협력적 노력은 협력요소와 단기적 공동연구성과의 유의한 매개효과를 갖는다. 그러나, 장기적 공동연구성과에 대한 매개효과는 검증되지 않았다. 즉, 협력요소는 공동연구 참여의도를 높이고 공동연구성과에 긍적적 영향을 주지만, 협력적 노력은 단기적 성과에만 긍정적 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2024

The lack of consistency and predictability of arbitral awards in the Investor-State Dispute Settlement ("ISDS") mechanism has long been a subject of criticism. In international investment disputes, arbitral tribunals have frequently come up with different interpretations and results on similar investment agreement provisions. The arbitral tribunal's inconsistent decisions raised concerns not only among the parties to the investment dispute but also amongthe arbitral tribunals in other cases, which ultimately led to legal inconsistencies in international investment law. Arbitration awards may have some degree of disagreement in interpretation. However, the systemic inconsistencies that pervade ISDS risk undermining the purpose of the investment agreement system, which is to provide a predictable and stable framework to protect andpromote foreign investment while maintaining a balance with host state regulations. Therefore, this study proposes a plan to resolve this discrepancy and review standards for practical application. Reform of the ISDS mechanism could be a viable option to reduce, to some extent, the inconsistencies in interpretation, if not completely eliminate them. Reforms such as establishingguidelines, promoting cooperation between arbitral tribunals, and codifying the norms of the agreement can provide a means of reducing interpretive inconsistencies and strengthening the legitimacy of the ISDS mechanism. Reforming the ISDS mechanism will require all stakeholders to carefully consider the issues and the scope, nature, and feasibility of eachpotential reform.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2008

The economic cooperation between the South and North Koreas is a very important issue for the unification and economic development of both Koreas. In order to reach a successful economic cooperation, there is a need to coordinate the differences of the two countries before unification. The economic cooperation and the cooperation in other sectors will be followed by the entire unification. It is necessary to prepare a mechanism that could peacefully solve the conflicts and disputes that could arise during the actual process of cooperation, which will secure stable investments and trades. The study on the possibility of introducing the arbitration system as a conflict solving mechanism between the two Koreas is a very important subject, and the basis of this study is on the examination of the arbitration laws of North Korea. Therefore, the study on the efficiency of the North Korean arbitration laws on foreign economy is studying the possibility of a systematical solution to economic conflicts between the South and North Koreas. The problems and possible solutions of the North Korean foreign economy arbitration laws are summarized as follows. First, juridical cooperation system for both South and North courts of justice needs to be set up to smoothly carry out the main procedures. Mutual correspondence and telecommunication needs to be guaranteed, also remittance and the movement of goods shall precede. Second, the free liquidation of businesses by unit and the individual and independent management of wealth of the North Korean economic bodies, organizations and businesses shall precede to independently liquidate wealth and thus make arbitration possible. Third, amendments in the North Korea's foreign economy arbitration law shall be made to some parts of regulations on arbitration agreements and specific contents of written arbitration agreements to avoid conflicts regarding arbitration agreement. Fourth, the members of the North Korean arbitration committee shall impartially manage the committee only without taking the role of arbitrator, and the clause that allows the North Korean committee to nominate the arbitrator shall be erased. In case an agreement regarding the number of arbitrators is not reached, the three arbitrators general rule shall be applied. In case of requests from any of the parties, a third country arbitrator nomination shall be guaranteed. Also, the requested arbitrator by the party shall be nominated with the cooperation of the court. Fifth, the trial in case of non-appearance or written trial shall be added to the North Korean law in to prevent intended negligence or evasion. Sixth, regulations regarding the court's investigation of evidence shall be added to the North Korean law to make fair arbitration possible in case that government power is needed in order to investigate evidence. Seventh, provisions regarding majority decision shall be added in the North Korean law in the impossibility of unanimous decisions, and the certified system in the arbitration committee official text shall be erased to prevent arrogation and assure the power of the decision made by the arbitration government. Eighth, as "the wrong decision approved" reason for cancellation of arbitration in the North Korean law includes the content of the decision made by the arbitrator could lead to uselessness of arbitration, amendment will be necessary to limit it to legitimacy of the arbitration agreement and wrong procedures. It is hoped that this thesis will be of important use in understanding the issues on the workability and the solutions to the South and North Koreas' arbitration that could be presented during the negotiations for the countries' economic cooperation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-32
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• 2007

This age is called the age of global trade, and the World Trade Organization is a forerunner in promoting the global free trade through multilateral negotiations as the global level. On the other hand, regional economic cooperation such as North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) is appearing, saying that promotion by WTO takes too much time. As is known to everybody, Europe is on the way of integrating member states through EU not to mention economic cooperation. Even in Asia such tendency is shown through ASEAN, Korea, China and Japan in Northeast Asia share geographical proximity, many common historical experiences, and similar cultural norms and values although they have disparities in stages of development, trade and economic policies, and financial and legal frameworks. Under the situation, efforts have been made between three countries of Korea, China and Japan for the conclusion of investment agreements including FTA. If the conclusion of the FTA between the three countries would be realized, it would promote regional trade and investment, contributing to economic growth in the Northeast Asian region. The writer in this paper reviewed the settlement of private commercial dispute including investment dispute arising from the FTA and investment agreements. The investment dispute is quite different from an ordinary commercial dispute arising from commercial transactions in view of disputing parties, applicable laws and rules, etc. Therefore it is a problem of vital importance that the parties interested in investment under the FTA as well as the relevant investment agreement should understand and cope with the settlement mechanism of investment disputes arising therefrom. The ICSID Convention provides facilities for the conciliation and arbitration of disputes between member countries and investors who qualify as nationals of other member countries. All contracting states of the ICSID Convention are required by the Convention to recognize and enforce the ICSID arbitral awards. The New York Convention(formally called "United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards") is also applicable for the enforcement of arbitral awards to be rendered under the FTA. As to applicable rules, the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules may be required for the settlement of investment disputes under the FTA. This Rules has adopted by the internationally recognized arbitral organizations although it was developed primarily for use in ad hoc arbitration. The promotion of arbitral cooperation may be realized through agreements between arbitral institutions. Especially under the NAPTA system, a central common system was established to resolve jointly private commercial disputes arising from such free trades by the initiative of arbitral organizations among the member countries. It is called Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas(CAMCA), which may be a good example for the settlement promotion of the private commercial disputes between Korea and other relevant countries.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2001

국가간 무역거래가 활발해 지면서 통일된 국제규격의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 세계무역기구(World Trade Organization, WTO)와 APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)에서는 각국의 무역에서 기술장벽에 관한 협정(Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, TBT협정)과 무역투자위원회(CTI)회의를 통해 점진적으로 국가표준을 국제표준에 부합시키도록 결의하였다. 또한, ISO(International Organization for Standardization)에서도 ISO/IEC Guide 21을 작성하여 국제규격을 국가규격으로 채택하도록 지침을 마련하였다. 이러한 대외 환경의 변화에 따라 국내에서도 건설시장 개방에 따른 건설분야의 표준 정비와 함께 국제규격과의 부합화에 대한 대비가 필요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국산업규격의 토건부문(KS F)규격 중 콘크리트 시료채취와 시험방법에 대한 규격을 ISO/IEC Guide 21과 통상산업부 부합화 지침서를 기준으로 대응규격인 ISO건설 분야 규격의 구성체계와 내용에 대해서 상호 대비하고, 이에 따른 문제점 도출 및 대안을 제시함으로써 국내 건설분야 표준규격의 부합화 방향을 설정하고자 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.5497-5507
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 팀 리더의 어두운 측면의 성격과 자기-타인 평정 일치도간의 관계를 탐색적으로 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학의 팀 프로젝트 활동에서 팀 구성원들은 리더의 수행에 대한 평정을 실시하였으며, 팀 리더 또한 동일한 팀 수행 관련 문항에 자기평정을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 리더 자신은 수행 준거에 대해 긍정적이라고 간주하지만 타인들은 관련성이 낮거나 부정적이라고 지각하는 성격 요인은 자기 과시적 및 완벽 주의적이었다. 둘째, 리더 자신은 수행 준거에 대해 관련성이 낮거나 부정적이라고 지각하지만, 동료들은 긍정적이라고 간주하는 성격요인은 양면적인과 보수적인 요인이었다. 마지막으로 자기-타인 평정 일치에 대한 새로운 접근과 관련해서 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.