• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

다전극 DFB-LD는 외부에서 주입되는 광의 파워에 따라서 발진하는 광출력이 쌍안정성을 보임에 따라, 이를 파장 변환에 활용하거나, 광논리 소자로 활용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 연산자 분리 시영역 모델을 이용하여 다전극 DFB-LD에서의 광 쌍안정 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 다전극 DFB-LD에 불균등하게 전류를 인가하여 쌍안정 현상이 발생함을 확인하고, 흡수 영역으로 입력광을 입사하였을 때 발생하는 출력광 파워의 쌍안정 현상도 확인하였다. 그리고 수 ns의 스위칭 시간과 수 pj의 스위칭 에너지를 가진 set 또는 reset 광 펄스의 인가에 의하여 flip-flop 특성을 보임에 따라 광 메모리 소자로서의 동작도 확인하였다. 또한 캐리어 생존시간과 이득 곡선 기울기 등의 조절로서 LD 광 출력의 반응 시간을 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine a conversion coefficient for Hounsfield Units(HU) to material density ($g\;cm^{-3}$) obtained from cone-beam computed tomography ($CBMercuRay^{TM}$) data and to measure the hard tissue density based on the Hounsfield scale on dental head phantom. Materials and Methods : CT Scanner Phantom (AAPM) equipped with CT Number Insert consists of five cylindrical pins of materials with different densities and teflon ring was scanned by using the $CBMercuRay^{TM}$ (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) volume scanner. The raw data were converted into DICOM format and the HU of different areas of CT number insert measured by using $CBWorks^{TM}$. Linear regression analysis and Student t-test were performed statistically. Results : There was no significant difference (P > 0.54) between real densities and measured densities. A linear regression was performed using the density, $\rho$($g\;cm^{-3}$), as the dependent variable in terms of the HU (H). The regression equation obtained was $\rho=0.00072H-0.01588$ with an $R^2$ value of 0.9968. Density values based on the Hounsfield scale was $1697.1{\pm}24.9\;HU$ in cortical bone, $526.5{\pm}44.4\;HU$ in trabecular bone, $2639.1{\pm}48.7\;HU$ in enamel, $1246.1{\pm}39.4\;HU$ in dentin of dental head phantom. Conclusion : CBCT provides an effective option for determination of material density expressed as Hounsfield Units.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.476-479
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• 2013

$CoSb_3$ with its high electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and rather low thermal conductivity is quite a promising material for thermoelectric conversion applications. A potentially high figure of merit (ZT) can be achieved by a nanostructure evolution of thermoelectric materials. In this work, $CoSb_3$ nanoparticles were synthesized through a thermal decomposition method in cooperation with a hot injection technique. Nano-sized $CoSb_3$ particles were obtained through the thermal decomposition reaction between the pre-heated cobalt-oleate at $320^{\circ}C$ and the injected antimony oleate with room temperature. The results showed that the particle size was increased with increasing synthesis temperature and the crystallinity of particles was improved with temperature but the decomposition of $CoSb_3$ was observed at $320^{\circ}C$. The $CoSb_3$ particles synthesized at $300^{\circ}C$ showed a high purity and an homogeneous shape with average particle size of 26 nm.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.619-625
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• 1995

Polycrystalline CdTe thin film has been studied for photovoltaic application due to the 1.45 eV band gap energy ideal for solar energy conversion and high absorption coefficient. The formation of low resistance contact to p-CdTe is difficult because of large work function(>5.5eV). Common methods for ohmic contact to p-CdTe are to form a p+ region under the contact by in-diffusion of contact material to reduce the barrier height and modify a p-CdTe surface layer using chemical treatment. In this study, the surface chemical treatment of p CdTe was carried out by H$\_$3/PO$\_$4/+HNO$\_$3/ or K$\_$2/Cr$\_$2/O$\_$7/+H$\_$2/SO$\_$4/ solution to provide a Te-rich surface. And various thin film contact materials such as Cu, Au, and Cu/Au were deposited by E-beam evaporation to form ohmic contact to p-CdTe. After the metallization, post annealing was performed by oven heat treatment at 150.deg. C or by RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing) at 250-350.deg. C. Surface chemical treatments of p-CdTe thin film improved metal/p-CdTe interface properties and post heat treatment resulted in low contact resistivity to p-CdTe.Of the various contact metal, Cu/Au and Cu show low contact resistance after oven and RTA post-heat treatments, respectively.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2017

$Cu_2O$는 초저가 태양전지의 흡수층으로 적용될 수 있는 물질 중 하나로 direct band gap($E_g={\sim}2.1eV$)을 갖고 있으며 최대 650 nm 파장의 빛을 흡수 할 수 있는 높은 흡수율을 가지고 있다. 또한 무독성, 풍부한 매장량으로 낮은 비용 등의 여러 장점을 가지며 간단하고 저렴한 방법으로 대량으로 제작이 가능하다. 본 연구에서 Au가 증착된 $SiO_2/Si$ 기판 위에 전착법을 통해 $Cu_2O$ 박막을 제작하였다. 우리는 용액의 pH와 작업전극에 인가되는 전위, 용액의 온도와 같은 공정조건을 바꾸어주었고 최종적으로 XRD와 SEM 사진 분석을 통해 박막의 특성을 확인하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2015

$Cu_2SnS_3$ (CTS) based thin film solar cells (TFSCs) are of great interest because of its earth abundant, low-toxic and eco-friendly material with high optical absorption coefficient of $10^4cm^{-1}$. In this study, the DC sputtered precursor thin films have been sulfurized using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system in the graphite box under Ar gas atmosphere for 10 minute. The systematic variation of sulfur powder during annealing process has been carried out and their effects on the structural, morphological and optical properties of CTS thin films have been investigated. The preliminary power conversion efficiency of 1.47% with a short circuit current density of $33.9mA/cm^2$, an open circuit voltage of 159.7 mV, and a fill factor of 27% were obtained for CTS thin film annealed with 0.05g of S powder, although the processing parameter s have not yet been optimized.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.597-601
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• 2013

최근 해양시설물용 파력발전시스템은 본래 기능과 연계한 하이브리드 형태로 많은 연구개발이 이루어지고 있다. 이 중 방파제에 설계된 진동 수주형 파력발전시스템의 경우, 기존의 방파제의 기능에 더불어 터빈을 통해 파랑에너지를 전기에너지로 변환하는 발전기능을 갖는다. 이러한 형태의 발전 시스템은 해수를 손실 없이 최대한 많이 유입되도록 하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 유입구 형상에 따른 파력발전시스템의 출력 특성에 대해 기술하였다. 또한 일반적인 해양 구조물인 방파제에 부착된 진동수주형 웰즈터빈 모델을 시뮬레이션 하여 유입구 곡면 각도에 따라 변화하는 유입량과 해수속도 그리고 그에 따른 웰즈터빈의 출력을 측정하였다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션 결과를 바탕으로 하여 에너지 변환 효율을 높이기 위한 유입구 형상을 제안하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1113-1118
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• 2011

고체-고체 접촉계면의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 초음파 수직 입사에 의한 반사 투과법이 주로 이용되어왔다. 하지만 수직입사방법은 용접부 검사와 같은 현장적용에 한계가 있는 단점이 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 방법으로 초음파 경사입사법이 대안이 될 수 있다. 그러나 경사입사법의 경우, 초음파의 모드변환이 발생하고 수신신호는 접촉면의 수직 계면강성뿐만 아니라 수평 계면강성의 영향을 받으므로 이를 고려한 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 경사입사에 따른 접촉계면에서의 초음파 반사와 투과특성에 대한 이론적 모델을 제안하였다. 그리고 경사입사에 대한 초음파 반사율 및 2 차 고조파 측정실험 결과 이론적 예측과 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 경사입사법은 접촉계면 특성평가를 위한 효과적인 기법이라 할 수 있다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2018

In this paper, stress distribution for a structurally stable greenhouse is considered in the present paper with subsequent investigation into the detailed stress distribution contour with the variation of self-weight and wind pressure level designation method under wind velocity of less than 30 m/sec. For reliable analysis, wind pressure coefficients of a single greenhouse unit were modeled and compared with experiment with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Wind load level was designated twofold: direct mapping of fluid dynamic analysis and conversion of modeled results into wind pressure coefficients ($C_P$). Finally, design criteria of EN1991-1-4 and NEN3859 were applied in terms of their wind pressure coefficients for comparison. $C_P$ of CFD result was low in the most of the modeled area but was high only in the first roof wind facing and the last lee facing areas. Besides, structural analysis results were similar in terms of stress distribution as per EN and direct mapping while NEN revealed higher level of stress for the last roof area. The maximum stress levels are arranged in decreasing order of mapping, EN, and NEN, generating 8% error observed between the EN and mapping results under 30 m/sec of wind velocity. On the other hand, effect of dead weight on the stress distribution was investigated via variation of high stress position with wind velocity, confirming shift of such position from the center to the forward head wind direction. The sensitivity of stress for wind velocity was less than 0.8% and negligible at wind velocity greater than 20 m/sec, thus eliminating self-weight effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1123-1133
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• 2021

Biodegradation is the key process involved in natural lignocellulose biotransformation and utilization. Microbial consortia represent promising candidates for applications in lignocellulose conversion strategies for biofuel production; however, cooperation among the enzymes and the labor division of microbes in the microbial consortia remains unclear. In this study, metagenomic analysis was performed to reveal the community structure and extremozyme systems of a lignocellulolytic microbial consortium, TMC7. The taxonomic affiliation of TMC7 metagenome included members of the genera Ruminiclostridium (42.85%), Thermoanaerobacterium (18.41%), Geobacillus (10.44%), unclassified_f__Bacillaceae (7.48%), Aeribacillus (2.65%), Symbiobacterium (2.47%), Desulfotomaculum (2.33%), Caldibacillus (1.56%), Clostridium (1.26%), and others (10.55%). The carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation revealed that TMC7 encoded a broad array of enzymes responsible for cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Ten glycoside hydrolases (GHs) endoglucanase, 4 GHs exoglucanase, and 6 GHs β-glucosidase were identified for cellulose degradation; 6 GHs endo-β-1,4-xylanase, 9 GHs β-xylosidase, and 3 GHs β-mannanase were identified for degradation of the hemicellulose main chain; 6 GHs arabinofuranosidase, 2 GHs α-mannosidase, 11 GHs galactosidase, 3 GHs α-rhamnosidase, and 4 GHs α-fucosidase were identified as xylan debranching enzymes. Furthermore, by introducing a factor named as the contribution coefficient, we found that Ruminiclostridium and Thermoanaerobacterium may be the dominant contributors, whereas Symbiobacterium and Desulfotomaculum may serve as "sugar cheaters" in lignocellulose degradation by TMC7. Our findings provide mechanistic profiles of an array of enzymes that degrade complex lignocellulosic biomass in the microbial consortium TMC7 and provide a promising approach for studying the potential contribution of microbes in microbial consortia.