• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.599-605
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• 2014

This paper presents the interactive behavior modeling method based on POMDP (Partially Observable Markov Decision Process) for HRI (Human-Robot Interaction). HRI seems similar to conversational interaction in point of interaction between human and a robot. The POMDP has been popularly used in conversational interaction system. The POMDP can efficiently handle uncertainty of observable variables in conversational interaction system. In this paper, the input variables of the proposed conversational HRI system in POMDP are the input information of sensors and the log of used service. The output variables of system are the name of robot behaviors. The robot behavior presents the motion occurred from LED, LCD, Motor, sound. The suggested conversational POMDP-based HRI system was applied to an emotional robot KIBOT. In the result of human-KIBOT interaction, this system shows the flexible robot behavior in real world.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conversational function and question type in mothers' utterances and their infant's language development. The subjects were 20 infants from 1;07 to 1;11 years of age in Yanji, China. Each child's spontaneous natural speech during interaction with his/her mother was videotaped for about 30 minutes. The children and their mother's spontaneous utterances were transcribed and coded for the number of type and token of word, grammatical morpheme conversational function and type of question in mother's language input to her child. The result showed that mothers used questions as the most frequent conversational function with their infants. The number of questions in conversational function in mothers' utterances positively correlated with the type of word, type of morpheme and grammatical morpheme in infants' utterance. However, there was no correlation between mothers' language input and infant early language development.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2003

The human computer interaction has gone through diverse changes along with the technical progress of computers. With the spread of the world wide web, attempts of various forms and methods of interactions reflecting the characteristics of the web are being made. Among the diverse concepts of interaction, Conversational Agent uses a character as the visual perceptional object and through the interaction based on conversation it suggests a natural, human, intuitive interaction. In this study, Conversational Agent was suggested and applied on a cyber lecture website and the appropriateness was verified. The fundamental structure and method needed in constructing a conversation was examined through the study on conversation. After that the characteristics of the conversation used on the web was identified and hereby and the coherence and conversation structure was deducted. After the characteristics of the conversational agent were observed, it was applied to the previously deducted web sites logical connection and conversation structure. Lastly, the conversational agent suitable for the web site was proposed and realized.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

Applying the concept and components of human nature to the conversational agent in the smart home context, this study investigated the effects of the level of anthropomorphism and interaction type on the emotional user experiences and future use intention. The results of experiment study showed that the high-low condition of anthropomorphism and the voice-chatting interaction type have impacts on the perceived closeness, likability, and future use intention. That is, people evaluate the conversational agent as more close, likable, and useful when they perceive more human nature components and when in the voice interaction mode. Psychological resistance was lower in the voice than in the chatting mode regardless of the level of anthropomorphism. The results also demonstrated an interaction effect of anthropomorphism and interaction type on the future use intention: the effect of anthropomorphism existed only in the voice interaction mode. It leads to the conclusion that a conversational agent with the voice recognition interface should be designed with the higher level of human nature components for the continuous use.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of gesture and facial expression on persona effects. Fifty-six college students were recruited for this study, and non-verbal communication skills were applied to a pedagogical agent with gesture (conversational vs. deictic) and facial expression. The conversational gesture may have relationship with social interaction hypothesis of pedagogical agent while the deictic gesture may have relationship with attentional guidance hypothesis. The facial expression can be assumed to facilitate the social interaction between the pedagogical agent and learners. Interestingly, the conversational gesture group showed a tendency of outperforming the deictic gesture group. It may imply that the social interaction theory has a strong impact on cognitive support as well as social interaction for learners. There was a significant interaction effect on the engagement when both of facial expression and conversational gesture were applied. This result has two implications. First, facial expression can facilitate the persona effect for engagement.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-87
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• 2019

Previous research has shown that the use of self-disclosure, the process of revealing personal thoughts and feelings, in conversational agents (CAs) increases overall user evaluations. However, research exploring the effects of self-disclosure in different situations or dialogue types is limited. This study investigated the effects of self-disclosure and dialogue type (task- vs. social-oriented) on trust, usefulness, and usage intention. Results showed significant interaction effects between self-disclosure and dialogue type. For CAs that did not use self-disclosure, trust, usefulness, and usage intention were higher in task-oriented dialogues. In contrast, CAs that did use self-disclosure had higher trust, usefulness, and usage intention in social-oriented dialogues. These results suggest that researchers and designers should consider the specific dialogue types and corresponding user goals when adding human qualities, such as self-disclosure, to CAs.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1156-1166
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• 2022

In this study, we examined voice shopping interaction in which consumers can be involved in the decision-making process. Sixteen kinds of voice shopping interaction were designed with differences in the existence of screen/product involvement/conversation style. Their effects on trust, cognitive load, satisfaction, and continuous intention to use were evaluated through a survey experiment. The main effect of conversation style was significant, and it was found that the more deeply involved users have higher trust. The interaction effect between conversation style and product involvement was also significant. Low involvement product buyers had the most positive user experience from the conversation style that included 'Ask for preference,' while high involvement product buyers had the most positive user experience from the conversation style that included both 'Ask for preference' and 'Question and Answer.' The main effect and interaction effect of the existence of screen was not significant. The results indicate that a positive user experience can be obtained when users are deeply involved in consumer decision-making, especially in purchasing high-involvement products.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.694-702
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• 2022

This paper is the UX-based technology strategy research which is a solution to how conversational AI can be ethically evolved in the Metaverse environment. Since conversational AI influences people's on-offline decision-making factors through interaction with people, the Metaverse AI ethics must be reflected. In the machine learning process of conversational AI, cultural codes along with user's personal experience data must be included and considered to reduce the error value of user experience. Through this, the super-personalized Metaverse service can evolve ethically with social values. With above hypothesis as a result of the study, a conceptual model of a forward-looking perspective was developed and proposed by adding user experience data to the machine learning (ML) process for context-based interactive AI in the Metaverse service environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.263-271
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• 2008

This paper presents a Korean conversational agent system in a mobile environment using natural language processing techniques. The aim of a conversational agent in mobile environment is to provide natural language interface and enable more natural interaction between a human and an agent. Constructing such an agent, it is required to develop various natural language understanding components and effective utterance generation methods. To understand spoken style utterance, we perform morphosyntactic analysis, shallow semantic analysis including modality classification and predicate argument structure analysis, and to generate a system utterance, we perform example based search which considers lexical similarity, syntactic similarity and semantic similarity.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.11B no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This paper proposes how to support various media on online conversational activity using XML(extensible Markup Language). The method converts media information into XML based messages and handles alike conventional text based messages. The XML based messages are unified to an XML document, and then a HTML document is generated using the XML and an XSLT documents in a server. A user in each client can play or present media through the hyperlink that is associated media information on the HTML document. The suggested method supports use of various media (text, image, audio, video, documents, etc) and efficient maintenance of font size, color, and style on messages according to extension and modification of XML tags. For application, this paper implemented the system to support media that has client and server architecture on online conversational activity. A user in each client inputs text or media based message using JAVA applet and servlet on the system, and conversational messages on every users' interfaces are automatically updated whenever a user inputs new message. Media on conversational messages are played or presented according to a user's click on hyperlink. Applications for the media presentation are as follows : distance learning, online game, collaboration, etc.