• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.531-536
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• 2004

In-arm type hydropeumatic suspension unit(ISU) is an equipment of armed tracked vehicle to absorb impact load and vibration from the irregular ground. During the operation of ISU, main piston moves forward and backward and oil flowing through damper transmits the external impact load to floating piston. Heat is generated in ISU by the oil pressure drop through the damper orifice and the friction between cylinder wall and two pistons. On the other hand, internal heat dissipatis outside via heat convection. Occurrence of high temperature can deteriorate durability of major components and basic function of ISU. And, it can cause fatal problem in the ISU life time and the sealing performance of piston rings. As well, the spring constant change of nitrogen gas that is caused by the temperature rise exerts the negative effect to the vehicle stability. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the heat transfer analysis of the entire ISU unit, by finite element method, with the outside flow velocities 8m/s and 10m/s.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 액체로켓의 엔진조건에 부합하는 재생냉각 시스템을 설계하는 방법을 다루었다. 정상상태에서 로켓 추력실에서의 열전달 과정은 연소가스로부터 벽면으로 대류와 복사가 이루어지고, 다시 연소실 벽을 통해 전도된 후 마지막으로 냉각제로 대류열전달 된다. criterial method와 integral method를 이용하여 열전달량을 구하고, 이를 이용하여 냉각채널을 설계하였으며, 러시아 냉각 시스템 설계 코드의 결과와 비교하였다. 복잡한 설계과정을 정형화된 logic을 구현하여 냉각 시스템 설계를 용이하게 하였으며, 설계변수를 변화시켜 얻어진 계산결과를 통하여 각 인자의 영향을 정성적으로 살펴보았다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the heat transfer characteristics on the outer surface of the ambient air vaporizer which received the heat from the air through natural convection by using numerical and experimental methods. The working fluid was a liquid nitrogen. The experimental variables were the length (2,000 mm, 1,800 mm, 1,600 mm) and width of the vaporizer fin and the fluid flow ($6.7m^3/h$, $7.1m^3/h$, $7.5m^3/h$). Based on the temperature data from the experiments, the heat transfer coefficient was calculated. Numerical analyses were also conducted in order to find the heat transfer coefficient for the range of Nusselt number which was difficult to get the data from experiments. The correlation equation between Nusselt number and Rayleigh number were suggested using both the experimental and numerical data.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.82.2-82.2
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• 2011

A channel design which is closely related with the mass transport overpotential is one of the most important procedures to optimize the whole fuel cell performance. In this study, three dimensional results of a numerical study for gas distribution in channels of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) unit cell for a 1kW class stack was presented. The relationship between the fuel and air distribution in the anode and cathode channels of the unit cell and the electric performance was observed. A charge balance model in the electrodes and the electrolyte coupled with a heat transfer model and a fluid flow model in the porous electrodes and the channels was solved for the mass, momentum, energy, species and charge conservation. The electronic and ionic charge balance in the anode and cathode current feeders, the electrolyte and GDEs were solved for using Ohm's law, while Butler-Volmer charge transfer kinetics described the charge transfer current density. The material transport was described by the diffusion and convection equations and Navier-Stokes equations govern the flow in the open channel. It was assumed that heat is produced by the electrochemical reactions and joule heating due to the electrical currents.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2008

기체 방전의 수치적 시뮬레이션을 위하여 FE-FCT(Finite-Element Flux-Corrected Transport) 방법을 이용한 준 2차원 수치적 모델을 제시한다. 이 모델에서는 전자와 이온에 대한 1차원 연속방정식을 풀어 시 공간적으로 변하는 전하 분포를 계산하고, 공간 전하 분포에 의한 전기장의 변화는 2차원적 전하 분포를 고려하는 디스크 방법을 적용하여 푸아송(Poisson)방정식을 풀어 계산한다. 다양한 벤치마크 문제에 대해 계산한 결과는 이 모델의 정확성과 적용성을 잘 보여준다. 또 스트리머 방전에 대해 계산한 결과는 앞선 연구 결과와 잘 일치하는 것을 보여 준다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2008

고분자 전해질 연료전지의 구성요소인 기체 확산층(Gas Diffusion Layer)은 반응물을 채널에서 MEA로 전달하며 동시에 생성물을 MEA에서 채널로 전달하는 역할을 한다. 기체 확산층의 기체 투과도가 클수록 기체 확산층을 통과하는 반응기체의 양이 증가하여 고분자전해질 연료전지 성능이 향상되며 물질전달과 함께 열전달이 이루어지기 때문에 생성열에 의한 MEA의 온도상승을 억제해준다. 본 연구에서는 기체 확산층의 기체투과도를 달리하여 전기화학 반응과 열 생성을 고려한 3차원 수치해석 모델을 통해 동일 반응면적을 가지는 직선형 채널과 곡사형 채널에 대해 열전달 및 물질전달 특성을 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과 직선형 채널의 경우 곡사형 채널에 비해 기체 확산층의 기체투과도에 따른 성능 변화가 크지 않았다. 이러한 이유는 직선형 채널에서 주된 물질전달은 확산에 의해 이뤄지기 때문이다. 곡사형 채널의 경우 기체투과도가 높을수록 대류에 의한 물질전달로 원활한 물질전달이 이뤄졌기 때문에 연료전지 성능이 증가 되었으며 원활한 물질전달이 열전달을 촉진하여 MEA의 온도를 낮추었다. 또한 곡사형 채널에서는 기체투과도가 작아질수록 확산에 의한 물질 및 열전달 특성을 보여주었다.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

Most of the fossil power plants firing lower grade coals are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. The poor combustion conditions are directly related to the gas flow deviation in upper furnace and convection tube-bank but a less reported issue related to in large-scale oppose wall fired boilers. In order to develop a on-line combustion monitoring system and suggest an alternative heat flux estimation method at tube bank, which is very useful information for boiler design tool and blower optimizing system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' temperature and tube metal temperature were monitored by using a spatially distributed sensors grid which located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule region. At these locations. the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. Test results showed that the flue gas monitoring method is more proper than metal temperature distribution monitoring for real time combustion monitoring because tube metal temp. distribution monitoring method is related to so many variables such as flue gas, internal flow unbalance, spray etc., Heat flux estimation at the tube bank with flue gas temp. and metal temp. data can be alternative method when tube drilling type sensor can't able to use.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2022

Syngas, also known as synthesis gas, synthetic gas, or producer gas, is a combustible gas mixture generated when organic material (biomass) is heated in a gasifier with a limited airflow at a high temperature and elevated pressure. The present research was aimed at modifying the existing LPG engine generator for fully operated syngas. During this study, the designed gasifier-powered woodchip biomass was used for syngas production to generate power. A 6.0 kW LPG engine generator was modified and tested for operation on syngas. In the experiments, syngas and LPG fuels were tested as test fuels. For syngas production, 3 kg of dry woodchips were fed and burnt into the designed downdraft gasifier. The gasifier was connected to a blower coupled with a slider to help the air supply and control the ignition. The convection cooling system was connected to the syngas flow pipe for cooling the hot produce gas and filtering the impurities. For engine modification, a customized T-shaped flexible air/fuel mixture control device was designed for adjusting the correct stoichiometric air-fuel ratio ranging between 1:1.1 and 1.3 to match the combustion needs of the engine. The composition of produced syngas was analyzed using a gas analyzer and its composition was; 13~15 %, 10.2~13 %, 4.1~4.5 %, and 11.9~14.6 % for CO, H₂, CH₄, and CO₂ respectively with a heating value range of 4.12~5.01 MJ/Nm³. The maximum peak power output generated from syngas and LPG was recorded using a clamp-on power meter and found to be 3,689 watts and 5,001 watts, respectively. The results found from the experiment show that the LPG engine generator operated on syngas can be adopted with a de-ration rate of 73.78 % compared to its regular operating fuel.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2015

가열식 액체용 질량유량계측기(LMFM, Liquid Mass Flow Meter)에 대하여 수치해석적으로 분석하였으며 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 기존의 기체용 질량유량계측기(GMFM, Gas Mass Flow Meter)와 동일한 구조로 설계하였으나 계측온도차는 기체용에 비하여 정 반대의 특성을 나타낸다. 기체는 열용량이 작아서 계측관벽을 통한 전도열전달이 기체의 유동에 따른 대류열전달에 대응할 정도이므로 이들 상호작용의 결과 상 하류 써미스터의 온도차가 질량유량에 비례한다. 반면, 열용량이 큰 액체의 경우 대류열전달이 지배적이 되어 계측관벽을 통한 전도열전달이 무시되며, 결과적으로 온도차가 질량유량에 반비례한다. 계측관경과 히터의 권선폭은 LMFM 의 중요한 설계인자로서 각각 최적화가 필요하다. 최적화 설계를 통하여 제작한 계측기는 반도체 생산장비의 극소유량 정밀제어 및 공급용으로 사용할 수 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2020

The numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal-fluid phenomena occurred inside the experimental apparatus during a PCCS, used to remove heat released in accidents from a containment of light water nuclear power plant, operation. Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer caused by wall condensation inside the containment simulation vessel (CSV), which equipped with 18 vertical heat exchanger tubes, were conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the wall condensation model were used for turbulence closure and wall condensation, respectively. The simulation using the actual size of the apparatus. However, rather than simulating the whole experimental apparatus in consideration of the experimental cases, calculation resources, and calculation time, the simulation model was prepared only in CSV. Selective simulation was conducted to verify the effects of non-condensable gas(NC gas) concentration, CSV internal pressure, and wall sub-cooling conditions. First, as a result of the internal flow of CSV, it was observed that downward flow due to condensation occurred surface of the vertical tube and upward flow occurred in the distant place. Natural convection occurred actively around the heat exchanger tube. Due to this rising and falling internal flow, natural circulation occurred actively around the heat exchanger tubes. Next, in order to check the performance of built-in condensation model using according to the non-condensable gas concentration, CSV internal flow and wall sub-cooling, the heat flux values were compared with the experimental results. On average, the results were underestimated with and error of about 25%. In addition, the influence of CSV internal pressure and wall sub-cooling was small, but when the condensate was highly generated due to the low non-condensable gas concentration, the error was large compared to the experimental values. This is considered to be due to the nature of the condensation model of the CFX code. However, in spite of the limitations of CFD, it is valid to use the built-in condensation model of CFD for PCCS performance prediction from a conservative perspective.