• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2016

Objective: In this study, two types of foot-controlled mouse devices are compared with a hand mouse in the input tasks requiring repetitively switching between a keyboard and a mouse. Background: Foot-controlled mouse devices have been developed for persons with impairments in the mobility of their hands. However, some researchers insisted that the foot-controlled mouse devices could be effectively used by the persons with no limits to their hand mobility. There are needs to investigate the efficiency of the foot-controlled mouse devices, when they are used by the nondisabled people. Method: Participants conducted the input tasks, requiring repetitive switches between a keyboard and a computer mouse. The used computer mouse devices were two types of foot-controlled mouse and a typical hand mouse. Participants performed three types of input task for five days and three types of task performance were measured; the number of completed input tasks within a given practice time, subjective satisfaction level and the time wasted for the mouse control. Results: For five days, the performance of input tasks sharply increased in input tasks by foot-controlled mouse devices rather than a hand mouse. After five days, the level of satisfaction on the foot-controlled mouse devices approached to about 76% of a hand mouse satisfaction level. The control time of the foot-controlled mouse devices also approached to about 109% of a hand mouse control time. Conclusion: After only five-day practice, the input task performance by foot-controlled mouse devices approached to that of a hand mouse. This result may suggest that the foot-controlled mouse devices can be effectively used as an alternative input device for the nondisabled people, if input tasks are easy and enough practice time is provided. Application: The results of this study might help to design foot-controlled mouse devices and to expend the usage of them.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-104
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• 2007

Purpose: We performed this study to examine the effect of controlled respiration on cardiovascular system in healthy adult subjects using impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography. Materials and Methods: This study had performed on 74 subjects, which were healthy men and women without a experience of respiration practice. Using the instruments for impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography, parameters of each subject had been measured after each controlled respirations which were natural respiration, controlled natural respiration (I:E=1.1.6), longer inspiration(I:E=3:3), and longer expiration(I:E=2:4). The measured parameters of impedance cardiography and photoplethysmography were processed statistically by one-way repeated ANOVA. Results: 1. HR and CI of impedance cardiography were decreased significantly during controlled respiration comparing with the result of basal state(the state of enough break). There was no significant difference among the results of controlled respiration. 2. PEP of impedance cardiography had no significant difference among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration(p=0.059). 3. VI of impedance cardiography had significant differences among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration, and decreased continuously through the controlled respiration. 4. b/a of photoplethysmography had no significant difference among the result of basal state and the results of controlled respiration(p=0.554). 5. c/a of photoplethysmography were decreased significantly during controlled respiration comparing with the result of basal state. There was no significant difference among the results of controlled respiration. 6. d/a of photoplethysmography had significant differences among the results of the controlled respiration decreasing continuously through the controlled respiration and had no significant difference between the result of basal state and the result of natural respiration. 7. AGI of photoplethysmography had significant differences among the result of basal state and the results of the controlled respiration increasing continuously through the controlled respiration. Conclusion: We had examined the effects of controlled respirations on cardiovascular system in multiple points of view. The effects of controlled respirations on cardiovascular system can't be explained in a simple way, as the cardiovascular system is controlled by many factors. Therefore, more physiological parameters must be measured in the future study on the effect of the controlled respiration on human cardiovascular system.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.483-492
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare health-related characteristics and self-care behavior between a controlled group and a non-controlled group of hypertension patients in a customized home visiting health service. Methods: This study was conducted as cross-sectional research. The subjects were 1,317 hypertension-controlled patients and 555 non-controlled ones. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test using the SPSS WIN 15.0 program. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics and self-care behavior were not significantly correlated between the groups. According to health-related characteristics, the health status was significantly higher in the hypertensioncontrolled group than in the non-controlled group. The cholesterol level was significantly lower in the hypertension-controlled group than in the non-controlled group. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to patients who are not in good health status in order to control their hypertension. Also, it is necessary to educate the patients in order for them to manage their hypertension and cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2015

Under rate-controlled sintering, furnace power is controlled to maintain a specific specimen contraction rate. This thermal processing method guarantees continuous process with a minimum thermal energy applied over time and makes it possible to control the density of the sintered body precisely. In this study, the rate-controlled sintering is applied to the sintering of $B_4C$ in order to investigate how rate-controlled sintering variables can affect the sintering behavior and/or grain growth behavior of $B_4C$ and how the results can be interpreted using sintering theories to draw an optimal sintering condition of the rate-controlled sintering. Further, the applicability of the rate-controlled sintering into the study for sintering of unknown materials is also considered.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.363-368
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• 2021

This study attempts to examine whether ownership of government-controlled corporations and audit committee effectiveness are related. The population of this study is 431 listed manufactured firms in the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) for the period 2012-2019 that published their financial and annual reports for the period 2012-2019. This population criterion is based on considerations that manufacturing companies listed on Tadawul have publicly accessible data and they have greater obligations to implement corporate governance code. Using the complementary hypothesis, this study predicts that there is a positive relationship between the ownership of government-controlled companies and audit committee effectiveness. The Pooled OLS regression shows that government-controlled companies' ownership is positively associated with audit committee effectiveness. Our study also indicates that ownership of government-controlled companies as a governance monitoring mechanism becomes more effective as it is combined with audit committee effectiveness which is another governance monitoring mechanism. The results of this study provide insightful evidence to policymakers at the company and country levels on the relationship of government-corporate ownership and audit committee effectiveness.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2015

Objective : This study aims to evaluate a risk of bias by Risk of Bias tool and RoBANS(Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Study) tool for clinical trial papers proving treatment effect of herbs to alopecia and provides the newest reason of effectiveness of herbs to alopecia. Methos : Data were collected through electronic database including NDSL, KISS, KMBASE, Koreantk, OASIS, KoreaMed, KISTI, Pubmd, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL. Two experts in Oriental Medince assessed risk of bias of randomized controlled trials by Cochrane group's Risk of Bias tool and non-randomized controlled trials by RoBANS tool after searching, reviewing and selecting papers. Results : Total number of selected trials is 20 including 4 randomized controlled trials, 13 non-randomized controlled trials and 3 case reports. This study evaluates the risk of bias of 17 papers including 4 randomized controlled trials and 13 non-randomized controlled trials except 3 case reports by risk of bias tool and RoBANS tool. All papers of randomized controlled trials are evaluated unclear for random sequence generation and allocation concealment as there are no word on them. And all papers of non-randomized controlled trials are evaluated unclear for blinding of outcome assessments and relatively low for others. Conclusion : We must try to specify concretely methods of allocation concealment after planning and practicing it for reducing a selection bias in randomized controlled trials. Also report a reason of missing value and blinding outcome assessments. And we have to agonize and mention methods of blinding of researchers for reducing a detection bias in non-randomized controlled trials.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Hydraulic systems are widely used as a power transfer and/or power control system due to its flexibility, controllability, accuracy and high power density. Valve controlled and/or pump capacity controlled systems are normally adopted as a control device, but nowadays pump speed controlled systems are emerging as a new energy-efficient hydraulic control system. In this paper the pump speed controlled system for the cylinder position control of a counter balance circuit is investigated by simulation study and position control experiments were carried out. As a result, the possibility and efficiency of the pump speed controlled system were verified.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three kinds of modes using bolus button of PCA on level of pain and side effects of analgesic and amount of drug consumption in post-operative patients according to whether the medication is controlled by the patient, the caregiver or the nurse. Method: The participants were 684 patients using PCA after an operation. The data collection period was from March 19 to April 6, 2007. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, type of surgery, pain on first post-operative day, amount of drug consumption, nausea, and vomiting. The ratio for patient controlled medication was 55.7% for women, and 70.5% for men, and for care-giver controlled medication, 35.1% for women, and 20.0% for men. Average pain scores for the first post-operative day were $3.9{\pm}2.2$ for patient controlled medication and $4.5{\pm}2.3$ for care-giver controlled medication. There were statistical differences according to mode used for PCA for amount of drug consumptions, nausea and vomiting but not for pain, operation day or pruritus. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine risks according to who controls the PCA for post-operative patients. The results can help to develop education program for everyone who is involved in PCA, patients, caregivers, nurses and doctors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationship between the response time of DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and the possible compensation range for voltage dips by the DVR system which protects the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier from said dips. As a result, the permissible range of voltage dip is presented in a 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier. When the DVR compensates for voltage dip, the range of voltage dip can be compensated according to the DVR's response time. Using the proposed method, DVR response time can be determined from the parameters of the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier and the possible compensatory range of voltage dip, while at the same time it is possible to use a control system having an appropriate speed. Therefore, the use of excessively fast equipment can be avoided, improving the stability of the overall system. The reliability of the DVR concerning the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier can be verified by simulation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of internal-external locus of control on level of aspiration in Korean Children. The locus of control was measured by means of the Nowicki & Strickland's "A Locus of Control Scale for Children (1973)". The level of aspiration was measured by "Throw Balls into the Basket Game" Sixty internal controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) and 60 external controlled children(30 girls and 30 boys) were selected among 853 children in fifth grade. For the data analysis, two - way analysis of variance and t-test were applied, Pearson correlation coefficient was computed. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 2. Shift value were significantly higher in the external controlled children than in the internal controlled children. 3. School achievement were significantly higher in the internal controlled children than in the external controlled children. 4. There was no significant difference in the school achievement between the children who showed high goal discrepancy score and the children who showed low one. 5. There was no significant difference in the locus of control between girls and boys. 6. Goal discrepancy score were significantly higher in boys than in girls, but there was no significant difference in the shift value between girls and boys.