• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.514-517
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• 2003

산소공급은 신체 요구 중 가장 기본적인 것이다. 호흡은 뇌의 연수(medulla oblongata)에 있는 호흡중추와 폐의 정상적 기능에 의해 조절된다. 즉 폐와 환경 사이의 공기 이동인 외 호흡과 헤모글로빈과 단세포 사이의 세포수준에서의 산소 이동인 내 호흡을 말한다. 성인의 호흡수는 보통 1분에 15-20회이나 연령, 운동, 기온, 심리적 변호, 질병상태, 대기의 산소 함량, 약물 투여 등에 따라 차이가 난다. 호흡측정은 대상자가 쉬고 있을 때 하는 것이 중요하다. 호흡 측정은 측정하고 있다는 사실을 대상자가 모르도록 기술적으로 해야한다. 현재 사용하는 방법은 주의를 끌지 않도록 대상자의 팔목에 손을 댄 채로 맥박을 측정한 바로 직후 계속해서 대상자의 가슴의 움직임을 관찰하면서 호흡을 측정하는 것이다. 본 논문에서 구현하고자 하는 것은 관성의 오차 및 압력의 오차에 영향을 거의 받지 않는, 그리고 반영구적으로 사용이 가능한 초음파 센서를 이용한 임베디드 환경의 호흡 량 측정기이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2016

The causative agent of pandemic cholera, Vibrio cholerae, infects the anaerobic environment of the human intestine. Production of cholera toxin (CT), a major virulence factor of V. cholerae, is highly induced during anaerobic respiration with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as an alternative electron acceptor. However, the molecular mechanism of TMAO-stimulated CT production is not fully understood. Herein, we reveal that CT production during anaerobic TMAO respiration is affected by glucose fermentation. When the seventh pandemic V. cholerae O1 strain N16961 was grown with TMAO and additional glucose, CT production was markedly reduced. Furthermore, an N16961 Δcrp mutant, devoid of cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), was defective in CT production during growth by anaerobic TMAO respiration, further suggesting a role of glucose metabolism in regulating TMAO-mediated CT production. TMAO reductase activity was noticeably decreased when grown together with glucose or by mutation of the crp gene. A CRP binding region was identified in the promoter region of the torD gene, which encodes a structural subunit of the TMAO reductase. Gel shift assays further confirmed the binding of purified CRP to the torD promoter sequence. Together, our results suggest that the bacterial ability to respire using TMAO is controlled by CRP, whose activity is dependent on glucose availability. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of major virulence factor production by V. cholerae under anaerobic growth conditions.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.423-432
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• 1993

The changes of quality of Fresh Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) was studied in this research work by investigating the effect of low $O_2$ content and high $CO_2$ content, well known as CA Treatment in storage, on the respiration rate and PPO Activity that was the main factor in Shiitake quality decay. CA Condition was conducted in 3 research periods that combined the $O_2$content(1%, 5% and 10%) and $CO_2$ content (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and air treatment as the control. The lower $O_2$content was the lower respiration rte that was showed in combination the lower respiration rate that was showed in combination of 20% $CO_2$ and 1% $O_2$ (the lowest), and the control air treatment was the highest . Very low $O_2$ content, conversly, did not show a satisfying result to the product.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

Low temperature storage method is to increase the value of agricultural products by reducing quality loss and regulate consignment time by controlling respiration rates of agricultural products. Respiration rate of agricultural products depends on several factors such as temperature, moisture, gas composition and a microbe inside the storage room. Temperature is the most important factor among these, which affects respiration rate and causes low or high temperature damage. Fuzzy logic was used to control the temperature of a storage room ,which uses information of uncertain facts and mathematical model for room temperature control . Room temperature was controlled better by using fuzzy logic control method rather than on-off control method. Refrigerant flow rates and temperature deviations were measured for on-off system using TEV(temperature expansion valve) and for fuzzy system using EEV(Electrical Expansion Valve) . Temperature of the Storage room was lowered faster by using fuzzy system than on -off system. Temperature deviation was -0.6~+0.9$^{\circ}C$ for on-off system and $\pm$0.2$^{\circ}C$ for fuzzy system developed. Temperature deviation and variation of temperature deviation were used as inout parameters for fuzzy system. The most suitable input and output value were found by experiment. Cooling rate of the storage room decreased while temperature deviation increased for the sampling time of 20 sec.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-122
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• 1998

This study was conducted to blow the effect of postharvest physiological changes on garlic quality according to its ecotypes and storage temperatures. The changes of water, total soluble solids, crude stein, md total fructans were measured and the rates of respiration and sprouting were analyzed during storage at 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$. The decrease of water content and the increase of total soluble solids were reversely appeared during garlic storage. The crude protein content was gradually increased during storage but total fructan content was decrased. The respiration late was maximized at 60days after storage and the spouting rate was gradually increased. In the aspect of ecotypic characteristics, the water content, fructan content and sprouting rate were higher in 'Namdo' cultivar than those of southern type. The high storage temperature (30$^{\circ}C$) controlled spouting and loss of fructan, and it was effective to maintain the garlic quality.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1994

This study was carried out for the establishment of optic harvest date and storage condition of 'Fuji' apple for CA storage. Apples were picked at 10 day intervals from 17 Sept to 27 Oct.. Apples were analyzed for respiration rata, weight flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar, surface color and thiault value. In 1990, the optimal harvest season could be judged between 17 Oct. and 27 Oct. from the results of respiration rate rise and change of quality properties. Apples harvested on 27 Oct. wert stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ and 90~95% RH in 1%O2 + 3%CO2, 3%O2 + 3%CO2 and air for 9 months. After 9 months of storage, apples kept in CA storages had beater quality than apples kept in refrigeration storage. Especially, apples kept in 1%O2, + 3%CO2 were fumer and more acid than those kept in 3%O2 + 3%CO2 At the sensory evaluations, apples stored in CA were rated higher quality than apples stared refrigeration.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2022

Background: Moderate sedation is an integral part of dental care delivery. Target-controlled infusion (TCI) has the potential to improve patient safety and outcome. We compared the effects of using TCI to administer remifentanil/manual bolus midazolam with manual bolus fentanyl/midazolam administration on patient safety parameters, drug administration times, and patient recovery times. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, records of patients who underwent moderate intravenous sedation over 12 months in a private dental clinic were assessed. Patient indicators (pre-, intra-, and post-procedure noninvasive systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate) were compared using independent t-test analysis. Patient recovery time, procedure length, and midazolam dosage required were also compared between the two groups. Results: Eighty-five patient charts were included in the final analysis: 47 received TCI-remifentanil/midazolam sedation, and 38 received manual fentanyl/midazolam sedation. Among the physiological parameters, diastolic blood pressure showed slightly higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.049), respiratory rate changes showed higher changes in the fentanyl group (P = 0.032), and the average EtCO₂ was slightly higher in the remifentanil group (P = 0.041). There was no significant difference in the minimum SpO₂ levels and average procedure length between the fentanyl and remifentanil TCI pump groups (P > 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the time required for discharge from the chair (P = 0.048), indicating that patients who received remifentanil required less time for discharge from the chair than those who received fentanyl. The dosage of midazolam used in the fentanyl group was 0.487 mg more than that in the remifentanil group; however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of TCI administered remifentanil combined with manual administered midazolam has the potential to shorten the recovery time and reduce respiration rate changes when compared to manual administration of fentanyl/midazolam. This is possibly due to either the lower midazolam dosage required with TCI remifentanil administration or achieving a stable, steady-state low dose remifentanil concentration for the duration of the procedure.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제11권1호통권20호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2007

본 연구에서 심리적으로 안정된 상태에서 맥율을 측정할 수 있는 장치를 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 뇌파, 호흡파, 맥동파를 검출하는 하드웨어장치와 이들 신호를 획득하고 처리하는 소프트웨어로 구성하였다. 뇌파는 전두부에서 쌍극형으로 유도하였고, 호흡은 서미스터 브리지를 이용하여 구성된 변환기를 사용하여 비강 전부에서 유도하였으며 맥동파는 귀볼에서 유도한 용적맥파를 사용하였다. 피검자의 심리적 안정된 상태의 판정은 뇌파의 스펙트럼을 이용하였다. 맥율의 결정은 원전에 따라 1호흡 당 맥동수를 사용하였다. 개발된 장치를 사용하여 맥율검출 실험을 한 결과, 뇌파의 주파수 대역별 구분, 안정된 호흡신호의 검출과 이득 조절이 되는 용적맥파의 검출이 실시간으로 가능하였다. 그리고 검출된 신호로부터 맥율을 검출할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.387-390
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• 1989

과채류 자동저장용 마이크로프로세서 제어장치를 활용하여 밀감의 저장시 발생되는 호흡량 및 중량감소를 자동 계측하였다. 중량감소는 스트레인게이지 load cell 장치를, 탄산가스는 적외선 가스분석기로 계측하고 계측신호를 컴퓨터에 접속하여 on-line화 하였다. 과일저장 조건과 계측시간 주기의 설정은 Z-80 마이크로프로세서와 컴퓨터간의 handshaking 정보교환 방식으로 수행할 수 있도록 하고 계측자료는 마이크로컴퓨터의 data file로써 자동기록 및 분석가능한 운영프로그램을 개발하였다. 건전한 것과 상처를 낸 감귤을 $20^{\circ}C$에서 4일간 저장하면서 호흡량을 비교하여 본 결과 건전한 감귤은 3-5ml $CO_2/kg{\cdot}hr$를 유지한 반면 상처를 낸 감귤의 경우는 50시간 이후부터 호흡량의 급격한 증가를 보였다. 한편 중량감소는 60시간 동안 건전한 감귤의 경우 거의 변화가 없었으나 상처를 낸 감귤의 경우 호흡량의 중가와 더불어 약 5%의 무게감소를 나타내었다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2006년도 제33회 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.86-86
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• 2006