• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.29-42
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• 1979

In order to observe metabolic effects of an oral conceptive, Norinyle, on female Guinea pig, the changes of ascorbic acid amount and alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver and serum were determined, and histochemical changes of the uterus were observed by microscopic and electronmicroscopic methods by administration of Norinyle with or without ascorbic acid. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The metabolic changes were clearly influenced by the administration of Norinyle alone, but the changes were diminshed by administration of Norinyle with ascorbic acid. 2) The adimnistration of Norinyle influenced to increases the requirment of ascorbic acid in the liver. 3) The uterus weight of the Norinyle administered group was much increased, while the weight was less increased in the group of administered Norinyle with ascorbic acid than the control. 4) The Norinyle administration was brought about an atrophy of endometrium, of uterus especially, functional layer, that the formation of glands were inadequately and the fromation of basal layer and stroma were diminished. 5) An acute infarction on the all layers of the uterus was developed at 9th and 25th days of Norinyle administration and 20th day of Norinyle with ascorbic acid administration. 6) A hypertrophy of stromal and endovascular cells were observed on the groups administered of Norinyle alone(group II ) or Norinyle with ascorbic acid(group IV). 7) It was observed that amount of collagen fiber in the basal and muscular layeres of uterus were diminished under a microscopical observation by the special stained specimen on the Norinyle administered group, but the amount and distribution of reticulin fiber were not changed significantly. 8) The fille structure of outer functional layer of the uterus were significantly changed by administration of Norinyle which were shown irregurarity of nuclear membrane, poor development ana significant expansion of enaoplasmic reticulum, decreases of the amount of ribosome due to slip off, increases of the number of dense bodies, obvious formation of vaccule, an4 decreases the amount of collagen in inner and outer layer of the stroma. 9) The amount of ascorbic acid in the serum did not much changed but the amount in the liver was much decreased by the administration of Norinyle, And the administration of Norinyle with ascorbic acid induced for a significant diminishing on the changes of uterus which might be able to developed by the administration of Norinyle alone.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2003

Objectives : Evidence for an effect of rerroductive factors on colorectal carcinogenesis is not yet consistent. Little research has been conducted to investigate whether reproductive factors were associated with colorectal adenomas that are the precursors of colorecta1 cancer, We evaluated the relationships between reproductive factors and the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer as colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methods : For this study, 241 adenoma cases with histopathologically confirmed incident colorectal adenoma, 76 cancer cases with colorectal cancer and 1677 controls were collected from Our Lady of Mercy Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, during 1994-1999. Before colonoscopy, information on demographic characteristics, reproductive factors, life style habits and dietary intake were obtained by interviewed questionnaire. Adjusted OR and 95% CI were estimated by using polytomous logistic regression model, Potential confounders that were selected based on the goodness of fit Statistics and interaction between risk factors were considered in this adjustment. The Wald statistic was calculated to test the heterogeneity of the odds ratios for each case. Results .: Postmenopausal women with natural menopause were found to be positively associated with the risk of mild dysplasia adenoma (multivariate-adjusted OR : 2.59, 95% CI=1.1-0.2). Parity was found to be negatively associated with the risk of colorectal lancer (age-adjusted OR : 0.40, 95% CI=0.2-0.9), but did not significantly decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (multivariate-adjusted OR : 0.95, 95% CI=0.3-2.9). Me associations were seen between a9e at menarche, breast feeding, induced abortion, oral contraceptive use, menopausal types, menopausal age or hormone replacement therapy (HRT and the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer. However, none of these associations differed' significantly between the degree of dysplasia of the colorectal adenoma and cancer. Conclusions : These findings suggest that postmenopausal women with natural menopause may experience increased risk of mild dysplasia adenorna among colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to increase the quality of nursing care for patients with diabetes mellitus, it is important for clinical nurses to accept changes in diabetes knowledge and correct their approach immediately. This approach will also contribute to effective nursing practice. Methods: The study was designed to investigate the level of knowledge and diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus among clinical nurses. It was conducted with nurses from 29 general hospitals in Korea from November 3 to December 5, 2008. The questionnaire consisted of 129 items and it was sent to the participants by mail. Of the 1,060 questionnaires returned, only 930 were valid for use in the statistical analysis. Results: 1) The average score for clinical nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus was 0.67 out of 1.0. 2) The level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 0.64 out of 1.0 3) The level of practical application of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 1.05 out of 2.0, indicating that they applied their knowledge 'sometimes'. 4) The level of diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus was 2.37 out of 4.0 and level was estimated as the stage of 'persuasion'. 5) There were significant differences in nursing knowledge of diabetes mellitus, according to experience in practical education for diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses with a lower level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus have a lower level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus and lower practical application. To improve the level of nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus, practical training programs are needed for areas in which knowledge level is low, such as 'diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus', 'oral diabetes medication', and 'glucose control in special conditions'.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

Bacterial infection of the pulp results in the development of a periapical lesion with the concomitant resorption of periapical bone. The cytokines are believed to play an important role in this matter. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship among the presence of black pigmented bacteria, the levels of cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, -${\beta}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TGF-${\beta}1$), and the amount of bone resorption in periapical and pulpal diseases. For the purpose, the patients were grouped into chronic apical pathosis, acute apical pathosis, acute pulpitis, and a healthy control group. Root canal samples were taken from periapical tissue exudates during routine endodontic treatment, and the venous blood was taken from each patients. The samples were processed to measure local and systemic levels of the cytokines using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Bacterial content of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella nigrescens were measured by indirect immunofluorescence method and the size of the periapical lesions were measured from the radiographs. The following results were obtained: 1. The levels of bone resorptive cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, TNF-${\beta}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$) in exudates from acute and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute pulpitis and the normal pulps(p<0.05). 2. IL-$1{\beta}$ were the highest among the bone resorptive cytokines in apical pathoses. However, no statistical difference between acute and chronic lesions were found(p>0.05). 3. The levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ in exudates from acute pulpitis and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute apical pathoses and the normal pulps(p<0.05). However, there were no significant correlations among the levels of bone resorptive cytokines. 4. The levels of TNF-${\beta}$ in serum were significantly higher than those from the exudates while serum TGF-${\beta}1$ concentrations were significantly lower(p<0.05). 5. Exudates from the canals in which the P. nigrescens were detected showed significantly higher levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ than those from the canals without the microorganism(p<0.05). 6. There were no significant correlations among the levels of the cytokines, the amount of bone destruction, and the presence of acute and chronic symptoms(p>0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.133-143
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• 1998

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with profound effects on oral health and periodontal wound healing. Uncontrolled diabetes adversely affects surgical wound healing and is often associated with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells were chosen because they are intimately involved in periodontal therapy and are important for the success of surgical procedure such as guided tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether cellular activity and collagen synthesis by glucose pre-treated human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells are influenced by insulin, and whether healthy cells differ from glucose treated cells. Cells were cultured with DMEM at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$, 100% humidified incubator. To evaluate the effect of glucose on gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. Then MTT assay was carried out. To evaluate the effect of insulin on glucose-pretreated cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. After incubation, $10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5mU/l$ of insulin were also added to the each well and incubated for 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay and collagen synthesis assay were carried out. The results indicate that cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts significantly increased by glucose while periodontal ligament cells were unaffected and cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were unaffected by insulin. Collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblast with 20mM glucose and insulin unaffected, but 50mM glucose and insulin increased than control. Collagen synthesis of periodontal ligament cell with 20mM glucose and $10^5mU/l$ insulin significantly increased than other groups and 50mM glucose pretreated PDL cells significantly increased at $10^3mU/l$ insulin but decreased at $10^4mU/l$ insulin. Our findings indicated that these cell types differed in their growth response to glucose, and the increase in collagen synthesis was significantly raised at insulin level of $10^3mU/l$ in gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells except 20mM glucose pretreated periodontal ligament cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1137-1152
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• 2016

세포는 다양한 인체 질환에 관련되어 있는 저산소 환경을 인지하고 반응하며 적응한다. 저산소 상태에 적응하기 위해서는 hypoxic 유전자의 발현을 증가시키고 aerobic 유전자의 발현을 감소시키는 유전자 발현 조절이 필요하다. 최근 연구에서 미토콘드리아 호흡계가 이러한 유전자 발현 조절에 관여됨이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 호흡이 가능한 곰팡이(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)와 호흡이 불가능한 돌연변이 곰팡이를 실험대상으로 하여 미토콘드리아 호흡계가 저산소 환경에서 유전자 발현 조절에 관여됨을 DNA microarray 기법을 이용하여 전체 유전자를 대상으로 조사하였다. 산소 농도가 감소함에 반응하여 많은 유전자의 발현에 변화가 있었으며, 이러한 차별적인 발현 양상을 보이는 유전자는 여러 그룹으로 분류할 수 있었다. 대부분의 hypoxic 그리고 aerobic 유전자는 저산소 상태에 적응하는 발현 양상을 위해서는 미토콘드리아 호흡계가 필요하였다. 그러나 일부 hypoxic 그리고 aerobic 유전자는 미토콘드리아 호흡계와 무관하게 저산소 상태에 적응하는 발현 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 미토콘드리아 호흡계가 저산소 환경에 적응하는 유전자 발현 조절에 필요하며, 또한 여러 기전을 통하여 이러한 유전자 발현 조절에 관여함을 제시한다. 또한 microarray 실험 결과에서 도출된 산소 농도에 대해 차별적인 발현을 보이는 유전자에 대하여 gene ontology 및 promoter 분석을 수행하였고 이러한 추가 분석 결과는 산소에 의해 조절되는 유전자와 함께 세포가 저산소 환경에 적응하는 기작을 이해하는 데 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the medicinal effects of the herbal combination extracts-2 (HCE-2), consisting of Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. on the alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (n =6), non-treated control group (n =6), saline-treated group (n =6) and the herbal combination extract (HCE-2)-treated group (n =6). The rats in the alcohol-loaded groups were orally administered with ethanol at a daily dose of 4 g/kg-body weight for 5 weeks. Thirty minutes before the ethanol injection, saline or herbal combination extracts was administered by using a gastrogavage. Blood and liver tissue samples were taken out from the hearts and livers of the rats, respectively, on 15th and 38th days. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the protective effect of the herbal combination extracts by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining on histological sections of rat liver. In this study, the oral administration of the herbal combination extracts significantly reduced the serum levels of AST and ALT, which had been raised by alcohol-induced liver injury. Histological analysis and apparent observation of liver also showed the preventive effect of the herbal combination extracts in a chronic alcohol-induced rat model. Theses results revealed that the herbal combination extracts effectively prevented hepatic damage consequent to the chronic exposure to repetitive administration of ethanol and could be used as a primary resource of a health beverage or herbal medicine, alleviating the alcohol-induced hepatic injury and hangover symptoms.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.830-838
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• 2020

본 연구는 MIA로 퇴행성관절염을 유도한 랫드에 방사선 형질전환 차조기가 골 대사 및 염증 반응에 미치는 효과를 평가하였다. 방사선 형질전환 차조기를 2주 동안 25, 50, 100 mg/kg/day의 용량으로 경구 투여하고 랫드의 우측 관절 내 공간에 MIA를 주입하였다. 이후 동일한 용량을 4주 동안 지속 투여하였다. 혈청 바이오마커와 무릎 관절 분석의 형태학 및 조직병리학적 분석에 기초한 치료 효과를 평가하였다. 대조군 랫드와 비교하였을 때 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 혈청 내 염증 및 골 대사 마커(COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, COMP)의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 이와는 다르게 TIMP-1 및 calcitonin의 생성이 크게 증가하였다. 또한, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 무릎 연골과 활막을 효과적으로 보존하였다. 그 결과, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 증상을 예방하고 완화였다. 따라서, 방사선 형질전환 차조기는 퇴행성관절염 관리를 위한 식·의약품 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2002

이 실험은 약재(Cnidium officinale Makino와 Tabanus bovinus)를 이용한 장요막과 흰쥐 각막에서의 항신생혈관 효과를 규명하기 위한 것이다. 먼저, 배 발생과정 중 자연스러운 신생혈관이 생성되는 장요막에서의 신생혈관 억제를 위한 실험에서는 유정란을 $37^{\circ}C$, 포화습도상태인 incubator에 넣어 4일 경과 후 주사바늘을 계란의 흠집에 찔러 넣어 알부민 3ml를 추출하고 계란의 둥근 부분에 지름 2cm의 창을 내고 투명테이프로 막아 incubation시킨다. 이때, 장요막의 직경이 3~5 mm인 embryo를 신생혈관 억제 실험에 사용하였으며, retinoic acid는 양성 대조군으로 이용되었다. 혈관이 뻗어 나오고 있는 장요막에 retinoic acid($10{\mu}g/egg$)를 처리한 후 48시간이 경과되었을 때 현저하게 혈관의 분포가 감소되었음을 알 수 있다. 이와 유사한 신생혈관 억제 효과가 약재(Cnidium officinale Makino와 Tabanus bovinus) ($50{\mu}g/egg$)를 시약으로 처리했을 경우에도 나타났다. 다음은 각막을 봉합하여 투명한 각막에 인위적으로 신생혈관을 유도하는 실험으로 흰쥐를 복강 마취시킨 후 10-0nylon용 사용하여 각막의 중앙부를 전층으로 한번 봉합한 후 각막의 염증을 막고자 terramycin을 하루에 한번씩 일주일간 점안하였다. 약재를 처리하지 않은 각막에서는 봉합 후 2~3일째 많은 혈관들이 뻗어 나오는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 5~6일 이내에 각막기능 손상부위까지 혈관이 뻗어 나가는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 봉합 후 3주일째의 신생혈관 분포가 최고치에 달했다. 이에 비해 약재(Cnidium officinale Makino와 Tabanus bovinus) ($20{\mu}g/kg$)를 4주간 구강투여한 흰쥐의 각막에서는 신생혈관 억제에 주목할 만한 효과를 보였다. 대조군 흰쥐와 비교해 보았을 때에도 약재를 구강 투여한 흰쥐의 각막에서 신생혈관이 상당히 줄어든 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 신생혈관 억제제로 효능을 인정받은 thalidomide와 비교해 보았을 때에도 현저한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 이 약재(Cnidium officinale Makine와 Tabanus bovinus) 는 항신생혈관의 특성을 가지고 있으며, 이 특성은 각막에서 뿐 아니라 다른 부위의 종양을 억제하고 그 전이를 막는 약리학적인 측면에도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2002

뇌성마비인의 구강위생상태에 관한 조사를 위하여 $3{\sim}48$세의 뇌성마비인 총264명(남153명, 여111명)과 비교군으로 비슷한 연령대의 비뇌성마비인 220명(남125명, 여95명)을 대상으로 구강검사를 시행하고, 우식경험유치율(dft rate), 우식경험유치지수(dft index), 우식경험영구치율(DMFT rate), 우식경험영구치지수(DMFT index), 치태지수(plaque index)를 산출하여 비뇌성마비인과 비교하였으며, 지적, 행동, 언어장애의 정도, 유형 및 이환 부위, 거주형태, 보호자의 직업에 따라 분류, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. DMFT rate, DMFT index, dft index에서 뇌성마비군과 비뇌성마비군의 유의한 차이가 없었고, dft rate는 유의한 차이로 뇌성마비군이 높게 나타났다. 2. 뇌성마비군의 성별, 유형 및 이환 부위별 비교에서 우식경험도의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. DMFT rate와 DMFT index는 각각의 장애의 정도가 심할수록 유의성 있는 차이로 감소하였으며, 거주형태에서는 수용군이 비수용군에 비해 낮았고, 보호자 직업에서는 자영업이 낮게 나타났다. 4. 치태지수에서 뇌성마비군이 비뇌성마비군보다 유의성 있게 높았고, 거주형태에서는 비수용군이, 보호자 직업에서는 스스로 벌어서 생활하는 경우가 유의성 있는 차이를 보이며 높게 나타났다. 5. 치태지수에서 뇌성마비군의 성별, 유형 및 이환 부위, 각각의 장애의 정도에 대해서는 유의한 차이를 보이고 있지 않았다.