• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2006

The accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is important for the proper management of groundwater systems. The widely used techniques of groundwater recharge estimation include water table fluctuation method, baseflow separation method, and annual water balance method. However, these methods can not represent the temporal-spatial variability of recharge resulting from climatic condition, land use, soil storage and hydrogeological heterogeneity because the methods are all based on the lumped concept and local scale problems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an effective method for estimating groundwater recharge with spatial-temporal variability using the SWAT model which can represent the heterogeneity of the watershed. The SWAT model can simulate daily surface runoff, evapotranspiration, soil storage, recharge, and groundwater flow within the watershed. The model was applied to the Musimcheon watershed located in the upstream of Mihocheon watershed. Hydrological components were determined during the period from 2001 to 2004, and the validity of the results was tested by comparing the estimated runoff with the observed runoff at the outlet of the catchment. The results of temporal and spatial variations of groundwater recharge were presented here. This study suggests that variations in recharge can be significantly affected by subbasin slope as well as land use.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Purpose: Human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells(hADSCs) can be expanded in vitro and induced to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal cell types. In this study we have examined various neuronal phenotypes and gene expression profiles of the hADSCs in the neuronal induction. Methods: The hADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue and they were characterized by the flow cytometry analysis using CD13, CD29, CD34, CD45, CD49d, CD90, CD105 and HLA-DR cell surface markers. We differentiated the hADSCs into the neuronal lineage by using chemical induction medium and observed the cells with contrast microscopy. The immunocytochemistry and western blotting were performed using the NSE, NeuN, Trk-A, Vimentin, N-CAM, S-100 and ${\beta}$-Tubulin III antibodies. Results: The hADSCs were positive for CD13($90.3{\pm}4%$), CD29($98.9{\pm}0.7%$), CD49d($13.6{\pm}6%$), CD90 ($99.4{\pm}0.1%$), CD105($96%{\pm}2.8%$) but negative for CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The untreated cultures of hADSCs predominately consisted of spindle shaped cells and a few large, flat cells. Three hours after the addition of induction medium, the hADSCs had changed morphology and adopted neuronal-like phenotypes. The result of immunocytochemistry and western blotting showed that NSE, NeuN, Trk-A, Vimentin, N-CAM, S-100 and ${\beta}$-Tubulin III were expressed. However, NSE, NeuN, Vimentin were weakly expressed in the control. Conclusion: Theses results indicate that hADSCs have the capabillity of differentiating into neuronal lineage in a specialized culture medium. hADSCs may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of neurological disorders.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

Background: Nucleoside transport inhibitor(NTI) Keeps AMP, ADP, ATP levels high in myocytes by inhibiting adenosine cataboilsm so that it may preserve the myocardial contractability during ischemia In this study we investigated the effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibor(C-AMP PDSI) and S-P-nitrobenzyl-6 -thioniosine(NBT; a sort of NIT) on myocadial preservation and changes of constituent enzyme. Material and method: Twenty-six isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution for 20 minutes arrested for 20 minutes and ten reperfused for 30 minutes. The following four groups were prepared and hemodynamic changes coronary effluent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) a-hydroxybutylic accid(a-HBD) levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels and myocardial LDH creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) adenosine deaminase(ADA) a-HBD levels were analysed before and after cardiac arest ; Group I(control) ; the heart was only perfused with K-H ; Group II ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI(Amrinone 25mg/L); Group III ; the heart was perfused with K-H including NBT(4.19mg/L) ; Group IV ; the heart was perfused with K-H including C-AMP PDSI + NBT. Result : Left venticular developed pressure(LVDP) at 10 minutes of the equilibrium was significantly higher in group III(72.1$\pm$5.3 mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6 mmHg P<0.025) as compared with group I (40.8$\pm$4.7mmHg) and LVDP at 20 minutes of the reperfusion was significantly higher in group II(74$\pm$5.3mmHg p<0.01) and group III(72$\pm$5.6mmHg p<0.025) as compared with group I (44.2$\pm$4.6mmHg). Percentage recovery of LVDP at the reperfusion was the highest in group II(123.3%) Percentage recovery of coronary flow at the equilibrium reperfusion were higher in group II(310%, 270%) group III(230%, 290%) group IV(310%, 280%) as compared with group I (100%) respectively. Myocadial LDH level was significant lower in group IV(33495$\pm$1802 IU/gm p<0.04) as compared with group I(48767$\pm$1421 IU/gm) Myocadial CK-MB level was significant higher in group II(74820$\pm$1421 IU/gm) compared with group I (45450$\pm$1737 IU/gm) Myocadial ADA level was significant higher group IV(1215$\pm$8 IU/gm p<0.05) compared with group I(125$\pm$15 IU/gm) but there was no significant difference between group I and group II ,III, IV in changes of coronary effluent LDH, a-HBD levels. Conclusion: C-AMP PDSI solely appears to have a better effect on myocardial preservation after ischemia than NBT but with no synergistic effect and it could keep CK-MB leve high in myocardial tissues.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2013

This study aims to develop a truck priority on left-turn algorithm that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by reducing heavy duty truck's stops at signalized intersection. The signal priority is granted for a left-turn phase, because heavy duty trucks can deteriorate left-turn traffic flow due to the low acceleration or deceleration rate and large turn radius. Truck priority allows to provide the stable speed control for heavy duty truck, and reduces emissions at the signal intersection. Also, two signal recovery strategies are compared for various traffic conditions. This study analyzes the effectiveness of truck priority such as greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption reduction, and total travel time saving using the PARAMICS and Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM). The results show that signal priority for heavy duty trucks has an effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumptions at non-peak hour. Also, it shows decreasing total travel time due to reducing truck stops.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2013

The effect of different silicon (Si) sources and methods of application on the growth of two chrysanthemum cultivars grown in a soilless substrate was investigated. Rooted terminal cuttings of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Lemmon Eye' and 'Pink Eye' were transplanted into pots containing a coir-based substrate. A nutrient solution containing 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si from calcium silicate ($CaSiO_3$), potassium silicate ($K_2SiO_3$) or sodium silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) was supplied once a day through an ebb-and-flood sub irrigation system. A foliar spray of 0 or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si was applied twice a week. Cultivar and application method had a significant effect on plant height. Cultivar, application method, and Si source had a significant effect on plant width. Of the three Si sources studied, $K_2SiO_3$ was found to be the best for the increasing number of flowers, followed by $CaSiO_3$ and $Na_2SiO_3$. In both the cultivars, sub irrigational supply of Si developed necrotic lesions in the older leaves at the beginning of the flowering stage as compared to the control and foliar spray of Si. Cultivar, application method, Si source, and their interactions had significant influence on leaf tissue concentrations of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). The addition of Si to the nutrient solution decreased leaf tissue concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, Na, B, Cu, Fe, and Mn in both cultivars. The greatest Si concentration in leaf tissue was found in 'Lemmon Eye' ($1420{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and 'Pink Eye' ($1683{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) when $K_2SiO_3$ was applied through a sub irrigation system and by foliar spray, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2007

The objective of this research was to diagnose integrative ecological health in Bansuk Stream, one of the tributaries of Gap Stream, using the fish assemblage during July 2006${\sim}$April 2006. For this research, we selected six sampling sites and applied some approaches such as the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), and necropsy-based Health Assessment Index (HAI). The stream health condition, based on the IBI values, averaged 24 (n= 18, range: $10{\sim}46$), indicating "poor${\sim}$fair" condition according to the criteria of US EPA (1993). Physical habitat condition, based on the QHEI, averaged 116 (n=6, range: $77{\sim}139$), indicating "fair${\sim}$good" condition. Values of IBI were more correlated with 3 metrics of instream cover ($M_1$, r=0.553, p=0.017, n=18), flow/velocity ($M_3$, r=0.627, p=0.005, n=18), and riffes/bends ($M_7$, r=0.631, p=0.005, n=18) than other metrics. Value of HAI in the control was zero (i.e., excellent condition), while the values in the T1 and T2 treatments were 5 (range: 0${\sim}$30) and 50 (range: 40${\sim}$80), respectively. The maximum values of IBI (46) were coincided with zero of HAI. Thus, these approaches seem to be a good tool for a diagnosis and evaluations of stream ecosystem health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.184-189
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• 2008

Effects of sucrose at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30%, w/w) on steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of sweet potato starch (SPS) paste (5%, w/w) were investigated. The steady shear rheological properties of SPS-sucrose composites were determined from rheological parameters based on power law and Casson flow models. At 25$^{\circ}C$ all the samples showed pseudoplastic and thixoropic behavior with high yield stress. Consistence index (K), apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) values of SPS-sucrose composites decreased with increasing sucrose concentration from 10% to 30%. The decrease of swelling power was observed at higher sucrose concentration (>20%) and the low swelling power yielded a lower K, ${\eta}_{a,100}$, and ${\sigma}_{oc}$ values. In temperature range of 25-70$^{\circ}C$, Arrhenius equation adequately assessed variation with temperature. Oscillatory test data showed weak gel-like behavior. Magnitudes of storage (G') and loss (G") moduli increased with an increase in sucrose concentration and frequency. The SPS-sucrose composite at 30% concentration closely followed the Cox-Merz superposition rule.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The Hospice Oriented Medical Record (HOMR) was developed for assessing the pain and symptoms of terminal cancer patients. Methods and Results: The HOMR consists of an instruction for users and 2 assessment pages which include the graph showing vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate and pain score), current problem lists, performance status, laboratory data, pain characteristics and management, sedation score, associated symptoms and drug side effects, etc. Pilot study was performed in the inpatient Hospice Care Unit in Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. Because an one-week progress data was recorded in HOMR as a flow sheet, the patient's condition and pain control status could be seen at a glance. Conclusion: The HOMR is useful for assessing the terminal cancer patients because it is simple and convenient to use. Further research is needed before it can be universally used in the clinical settings.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.366-379
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• 2017

In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the effects of exercise on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted database searches (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Scopus, KoreaMed, KISS, RISS, KMBASE) for the effect of exercise on cardiovascular disease, using heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiovascular disease, exercise, motor activity, rehabilitation, and endothelial progenitor cells as the keywords. Of the 539 studies identified, 9 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used to analyze the effect size and the publication bias was checked with a funnel plot. Exercise was found to improve the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), CD34+KDR+, and endothelial function, assessed via FMD (flow-mediated dilation), in the exercise vs. control groups, viz. 2.008 (95% CI 0.204-3.812), 1.399 (95% CI 0.310-2.489), and 1.881 (95% CI 0.848-2.914), respectively. Exercise improved the VEGF, number of EPCs, and endothelial function in the CVD patients. Considering the increasing prevalence and mortality rates for cardiovascular disease in Korea, the findings of this study that analyzed the effects of exercise on EPCs might provide guidelines for planning exercise interventions for patients with CVD.