• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

In this study, hydrodynamic coefficients were obtained from a Rotating Arm (RA) test, which is one of the captive model tests used to provide accurate coefficients in the control motion equation of an underwater vehicle. The RA test was carried out at the RA facility of ADD (Agency for Defense Development), and the forces and moments acting on the underwater vehicle were measured using a six-axis waterproof gage. A multiple regression analysis was used in the analysis of the measured data. The experimental results were also verified by comparison with the theoretical values of the previous linear coefficients. In addition, the stability indices in the horizontal plane were calculated using the linear and nonlinear coefficients, and the dynamic stability of the underwater vehicle was estimated to have a good dynamic performance with a depth ratio of 6.0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2003

In this paper, which sees the Strong-ARM SA1110 it used the main CPU and RTP in VoIP system. It will be able to apply the information communication field it embodied. It used the Tynux_box2 with the hardware side and it composed a VOIP system. And it used the RTP which is a real-time protocol in software control portion. The development environment of the paper that used the Target board and a Linux PC for connection used the RS-232C, USB connection, Ethernet LAN. The VoIP the environment for a communication used the wave file in the substitution which changes analog signal with the digital signal. And For the communication of the both sides it used the socket. This paper explained the fact that against a general technique from the operation of VoIP system. Using the Embedded linux development board which explained an operational process of the RTP protocol.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2018

Reliability prediction of an electronic arm fire device(EAFD) was studied which is applied to prevent accidental ignition in a solid rocket motor. For predicting the reliability, the main components of the EAFD were first defined(Control unit, LEEFI, TBI) and the operating principle of each component was analyzed. Performance modeling of each part is established using selected input variables through system analysis. When complex analysis is required, we approximated it with polynomial equation using response surface method. Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to performance modeling to estimate the design reliability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a task-oriented upper arm exercise performed in a sitting position on either an unstable support surface or a stable support surface for children with cerebral palsy. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 18 children with cerebral palsy. Eight subjects were randomly assigned to each of the stable and unstable support surface groups. We performed the upper arm exercise three times a week for 6 weeks. To confirm the effects of the intervention, the berg balance scale test, modified functional reaching test (MFRT), timed up and go test (TUG), and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test were conducted before and after the study. Results: Significant differences were observed in MFRT and TUG between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). In the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, there were significant differences between the groups for the items picking up small objects, stacking checkers, lifting large light objects, and lifting large heavy objects (p<0.05), but not for writing and stimulation of feeding. Significant differences were observed between the groups in items of card turning, lifting large light objects, and lifting heavy objects. Conclusion: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a task-oriented upper extremity exercise program for dynamic balance and hand function performed in a sitting position with either stable or unstable support by cerebral palsy patients. There were improvements in the two groups, but performing the exercise while sitting on an unstable support surface had a greater effect on dynamic balance and hand function than exercise while sitting on a stable supporting surface. The results of this study can be used to improve the daily lives of cerebral palsy patients.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.135-141
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• 2020

Today, CPUs in general-purpose computers such as servers, desktops and laptops, as well as home appliances and embedded systems, consist mostly of multicore processors. In order to improve performance, it is required to use an out-of-order execution processor by Tomasulo algorithm as each core processor. An out-of-order execution processor with Tomasulo algorithm can execute the available instructions in any order and perform speculation in order to reduce control dependencies. Therefore, the performance of an out-of-order execution processor can be significantly improved compared to an in-order execution processor. In this paper, an out-of-order execution processor using Tomasulo algorithm and ARM instruction set is designed using VHDL record data types and simulated by GHDL. As a result, it is possible to successfully perform operations on programs written in ARM instructions.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2018

Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.578-584
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• 2015

In this study a moving platform for a mobile robot that can be traveling with a full automatic standing arm was developed. Conventional mobile robots generally may equip 4 wheels or 3 wheels with a caster wheel or independent driven wheels and have good statistic stability. When a mobile robot travels on a sharply perpendicular and narrow crossroad, it may need a special steering scheme such as going forward and backward repeatedly or it is sometimes physically impossible for the robot to go through the crossroad because of the size limit. The upright running mobile robot changes its posture to the upright posture which has a small planar area and is able to go through the crossroad. The upright control which was manually performed step by step before such as sequences of uprighting (returning), checking, and balancing, is now automated.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 1994

Male rats aged 15 months, which had been over-trained with 12 arm radial maze up to the criterion of 1 or 2 errors an average per trial, were divided into two groups and 7 months after the over-training and were studied the effect of red ginseng trial saponin fraction (PT) on the spatial memory function. The rats which could be improved the performance of 9.75$\pm$1.26 (within 185$\pm$8.2 1 sec) were classified into "normal group" (n=4) and the ones, which showed R-maze performance of 7.0$\pm$2.87 within 300 sec, "deteriorated memory group" (n=5). PT was dissolved in distilled water and injected into the deteriorated memory group intraperitoneally at 30 min before R-maze for 3 consecutive days. The injected amount of PT on the 1st day was 10mg/rat, 1mg/rat both on the 2nd the 3rd day. As results, the performance was restored to 9.4$\pm$2.0 after stopping ginseng administration, although the lower performance values (1.4$\pm$0.89, 2.8$\pm$0.83, 3.8$\pm$0.84, respectively) were exerted during the three days of PT administration than before PT administration (7.0$\pm$2.87) since 1 day after administratitan of PT. The restored performance values were continuously maintained up to the level of the "normal group". However, any lower performance values were not observed when PT was administered via intraperitoneal route to the normal group in about of 2 mg/rat except 10mg1ra1. The number of errors when the foods in arms were put at only 6 places was clearly reduced during the 9 days of consecutive administration of PT as compared with untreated control. These results indicated that PT administration may enhance their cognitive function after a long lapse of time not only in the memory deteriorated rats but also in normal ones. The reason exerted lower performance values during PT administration in this paper was discussed as compared with the results of T-maze behavior of another 3-month-aged rats. of another 3-month-aged rats.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.102-115
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for treating breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), thus providing a clinical basis for acupuncture treatment and helping to develop clinical practice guideline through consideration of used meridians and acupoints. Methods: Clinical studies applying acupuncture on breast cancer-related lymphedema were searched through 7 databases such as The Cochrane Library Central, Embase, Pubmed and CAJ. Interventions and results of the selected clinical studies were analyzed. Results: 8 Clinical studies were finally included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 6 randomized controlled studies and 2 single-arm pilot studies. All of those studies were searched in The Cochrane Library Central, Embase, Pubmed and CAJ and written in English and Chinese. Treatment group applied acupuncture as a Korean medicine intervention. Interventions of control group were made with non-treatment, upper limb exercise, and oral administration of capillary stabilizer or diuretics. Outcome measurements varied from paper to paper but every study measured reduction in arm circumference. Among 8 studies, 6 studies reported statistically significant reduction in arm circumference in treatment group and there were no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: This study suggested that acupuncture has few side effects as well as statistically significant effects on many aspects in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema. However the results should be taken cautiously as more clinical studies are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the adductor canal block (ACB) in comparison to intra-articular steroid-lidocaine injection (IASLI) to control chronic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. Methods: A randomized, single-blinded trial in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic recruiting chronic KOA with pain ≥ 6 months over one year. Following randomization, subjects received either a single ACB or IASLI under ultrasound guidance. Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for pain, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were recorded at baseline, 1 hour, 1 month, and 3 months postinjection. Results: Sixty-six knees were recruited; 2 were lost to follow-up. Age was normally distributed (P = 0.463), with more female subjects in both arms (P = 0.564). NRS scores improved significantly for both arms at 1 hour, with better pain scores for the IASLI arm (P = 0.416) at 1st month and ACB arm at 3rd month (P = 0.077) with larger effect size (Cohen's d = 1.085). Lower limb function improved significantly in the IASLI arm at 1 month; the ACB subjects showed greater functional improvement at 3 months (Cohen's d = 0.3, P = 0.346). Quality of life (QoL) improvement mirrored the functional scores whereby the IASLI group fared better at the 1st month (P = 0.071) but at the 3rd month the ACB group scored better (Cohen's d = 0.08, P = 0.710). Conclusions: ACB provides longer lasting analgesia which improves function and QoL in chronic KOA patients up to 3 months without any significant side effects.