• Information Systems Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.75-97
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• 2012

Fostering trusting belief in financial transactions is a challenging task in Internet banking services. Authenticated Certificate had been regarded as an effective method to guarantee the trusting belief for online transactions. However, previous research claimed that this method has some loopholes for such abusers as hackers, who intend to attack the financial accounts of innocent transactors in Internet. Two types of methods have been suggested as alternatives for securing user identification and activity in online financial services. Control transparency uses information over the transaction process to verify and to control the transactions. Outcome feedback, which refers to the specific information about exchange outcomes, provides information over final transaction results. By using these two methods, financial service providers can send signals to involved parties about the robustness of their security mechanisms. These two methods-control transparency and outcome feedback-have been widely used in the IS field to enhance the quality of IS services. In this research, we intend to verify that these two methods can also be used to reduce risks and to increase the security protections in online banking services. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the effects of the control transparency and the outcome feedback on the risk perceptions in Internet banking services. Our assumption is that these two methods-control transparency and outcome feedback-can reduce perceived risks involved with online financial transactions, while increasing perceived trust over financial service providers. These changes in user attitudes can increase the level of user satisfactions, which may lead to the increased user loyalty as well as users' willingness to pay for the financial transactions. Previous research in IS suggested that the increased level of transparency on the process and the result of transactions can enhance the information quality and decision quality of IS users. Transparency helps IS users to acquire the information needed to control the transaction counterpart and thus to complete transaction successfully. It is also argued that transparency can reduce the perceived transaction risks in IS usage. Many IS researchers also argued that the trust can be generated by the institutional mechanisms. Trusting belief refers to the truster's belief for the trustee to have attributes for being beneficial to the truster. Institution-based trust plays an important role to enhance the probability of achieving a successful outcome. When a transactor regards the conditions crucial for the transaction success, he or she considers the condition providers as trustful, and thus eventually trust the others involved with such condition providers. In this process, transparency helps the transactor complete the transaction successfully. Through the investigation of these studies, we expect that the control transparency and outcome feedback can reduce the risk perception on transaction and enhance the trust with the service provider. Based on a theoretical framework of transparency and institution-based trust, we propose and test a research model by evaluating research hypotheses. We have conducted a laboratory experiment in order to validate our research model. Since the transparency artifact(control transparency and outcome feedback) is not yet adopted in online banking services, the general survey method could not be employed to verify our research model. We collected data from 138 experiment subjects who had experiences with online banking services. PLS is used to analyze the experiment data. The measurement model confirms that our data set has appropriate convergent and discriminant validity. The results of testing the structural model indicate that control transparency significantly enhances the trust and significantly reduces the risk perception of online banking users. The result also suggested that the outcome feedback significantly enhances the trust of users. We have found that the reduced risk and the increased trust level significantly improve the level of service satisfaction. The increased satisfaction finally leads to the increased loyalty and willingness to pay for the financial services.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Nowadays a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) represents an aggregation of distributed energy resource such as Distributed Generation (DG), Combined Heat and Power generation (CHP), Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and load in order to operate as a single power plant by using Information and Communication Technologies, ICT. The VPP has been developed and verified based on a single virtual plant platform which is connected with a number of various distributed energy resources. As the VPP's distributed energy resources increase, so does the number of data from distributed energy. Moreover, it is obviously inefficient in the aspects of technique and cost that a virtual plant platform operates in a centralized manner over widespread region. In this paper the concept of the large-scale VPP which can reduce a error probability of system's load and increase the robustness of data exchange among distributed energy resources will be proposed. In addition, it can directly control and supervise energy resource by making small size's virtual platform which can make a optimal resource scheduling to consider of variable and sensitive load in the large-scale VPP. It makes certain the result is verified by simulation.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.108-113
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• 2017

The OBCP called 'operator on board' is that of a procedure to be executed on-board, which can be easily be loaded, executed, and also replaced, without modifying the remainder of the FSW. The use of OBCP enhances the on-board autonomy capabilities and increases the robustness to ground stations outages. The OBCP engine which is the core module of OBCP component in the FSW interprets and executes of the procedures based on script language written using a high-level language, possibly compiled, and it is relying on a virtual machine of the OBCP engine. FSW team in KARI has studied OBCP since 2010 as FSW team's internal projects, and made some OBCP engines such as Java KVM, RTCS/C and KKOMA on ERC32 processor target only for study. Recently we have been studying ESA's OBCP standard and implementing Lua and MicroPython on LEON2-FT/AT697F processor target as the OBCP engine. This paper presents the design and implementation of Lua for the OBCP engine on AT697F processor with VxWorks RTOS, and describes the evaluation result and performance of the OBCP engine.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.633-641
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• 2015

Several complex processes that are employed in industries, such as shipping, power plants, and the petrochemical industry, involve time-varying behavior as well as strong nonlinear behavior during operation. The fixed-parameter proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers have difficulty in dealing with control problems that occur in such processes. In this paper, we propose a method of designing a nonlinear PID controller for industrial processes that exhibit a large number of nonlinearities and time-varying behavior. The gains of the nonlinear PID controller are characterized by a simple nonlinear function of the error and/or error rate depending on the process set-point and output. We tune the user-defined parameters using a genetic algorithm by minimizing the integral of time absolute error (ITAE) index. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by performing a comparison of the proposed method and two other nonlinear and adaptive methods that are employed for reference tracking, disturbance-rejection performances, and robustness to parameter changes on a continuously stirred tank reactor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2011

In a structure, damage can occur at several scales from micro-cracking to corrosion or loose bolts. This makes the identification of damage difficult with one mode of sensing. Hence, a multi-mode actuated sensing system is proposed based on a self-sensing circuit using a piezoelectric sensor. In the self sensing-based multi-mode actuated sensing, one mode provides a wide frequency-band structural response from the self-sensed impedance measurement and the other mode provides a specific frequency-induced structural wavelet response from the self-sensed guided wave measurement. In this study, an experimental study on the pipeline system is carried out to verify the effectiveness and the robustness of the proposed structural health monitoring approach. Different types of structural damage are artificially inflicted on the pipeline system. To classify the multiple types of structural damage, a supervised learning-based statistical pattern recognition is implemented by composing a two-dimensional space using the damage indices extracted from the impedance and guided wave features. For more systematic damage classification, several control parameters to determine an optimal decision boundary for the supervised learning-based pattern recognition are optimized. Finally, further research issues will be discussed for real-world implementation of the proposed approach.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.82-89
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• 2012

This paper presents the intelligent tracking algorithm for maneuvering target using the positional error compensation of the maneuvering target. The difference between measured point and predict point is separated into acceleration and noise. Fuzzy c-mean clustering and predicted impact point are used to get the optimal acceleration value. The membership function is determined for acceleration and noise which are divided by fuzzy c-means clustering and the characteristics of the maneuvering target is figured out. Divided acceleration and noise are used in the tracking algorithm to compensate computational error. The filtering process in a series of the algorithm which estimates the target value recognize the nonlinear maneuvering target as linear one because the filter recognize only remained noise by extracting acceleration from the positional error. After filtering process, we get the estimates target by compensating extracted acceleration. The proposed system improves the adaptiveness and the robustness by adjusting the parameters in the membership function of fuzzy system. To maximize the effectiveness of the proposed system, we construct the multiple model structure. Procedures of the proposed algorithm can be implemented as an on-line system. Finally, some examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-45
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• 2017

Ad hoc sensor network is characterized by decentralized structure and ad hoc deployment. Sensor networks have all basic features of ad hoc network except different degrees such as lower mobility and more stringent energy requirements. Existing protocols provide different tradeoffs among some desirable characteristics such as fault tolerance, distributed computation, robustness, scalability and reliability. wireless protocols suggested so far are very limited, generally focusing on communication to a single base station or on aggregating sensor data. The main reason having such restrictions is due to maximum lifetime to maintain network activities. The network lifetime is an important design metric in ad hoc networks. Since every node does a router role, it is not possible for other nodes to communicate with each other if some nodes do not work due to energy lack. In this paper, we suggest an experimental ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol to optimize the communication of energy of the network nodes.The load distribution avoids the choice of exhausted nodes at the route selection phase, thus balances the use of energy among nodes and maximizing the network lifetime. In transmission control phase, there is a balance between the choice of a high transmission power that lead to increase in the range of signal transmission thus reducing the number of hops and lower power levels that reduces the interference on the expense of network connectivity.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Purpose - A growing demand for sustainability reporting has placed pressure on firms with non-financial information that affects firm valuation, growth, and development. In particular, a number of researchers have investigated various topics in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), non-financial information. Prior studies suggest that CSR may affect corporate outcomes like corporate reporting, financial performance, and disclosures. However, the results from prior studies are not clear whether CSR affects corporate outcomes. This is partially due to the measurement issues with CSR. In this study, we examine whether CSR affects the quality of corporate reporting, one of the popular measures in corporate outcomes. We find an evidence that CSR positively affects the quality of corporate reporting. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, we collected a unique dataset of CSR from MSCI. Total 169 firms listed in the Korean Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2014 were collected and analysed with the detailed CSR reports. Using a correlation test, we found a weak association between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting. However, the regression tests provided a strong relationship between CSR and the quality of corporate reporting after controlling for other variables that may affect the quality of corporate reporting. Additionally, we calculated the t-statistics based on heteroskedaticity-consistent standard errors (White, 1980). Results - Before we run the regression test, we sort the measures of the two dependent variables into each rating of CSR (from AAA to CCC). The results indicate that the quality of corporate reporting measured by discretionary accruals and performance-matched discretionary accruals monotonically decrease as the CSR ratings increase. This supports our hypothesis. In the regression tests, the coefficient on MJDA (PMDA) is -0.183 (-0.173) and significant at the 5% level. We can interpret the results as CSR affecting the quality of corporate reporting in positive ways. Other coefficients on control variables are consistent with prior studies. For example, the coefficients on both LOSS and LEV are positive and significant at conventional level, meaning that firms with financial difficulty may harm their quality of corporate reporting. Conclusion - We found an evidence that CSR is positively associated with the quality of corporate reporting. This study contributes to the literature in various ways. First, this study extends the line of CSR research by providing additional evidence in the setting of ethical behaviors by managements. This is consistent with the hypothesis and supports the results of prior studies. Second, to the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the MSCI CSR ratings. In contrast with prior studies using different measures of CSR, the MSCI CSR ratings allow us to provide in-depth analysis. Third, the additional measure of dependent variable (PMDA) allows us to improve the robustness of our results. Overall, the results provided this study to extend the findings in prior studies by providing incremental evidence.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.517-524
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• 2003

There have been worldwide research and development efforts to automate various processes of bio-production and those efforts will be expanded with priority given to tasks which require high intensive labor or produce high value-added product and tasks under hostile environment. In the field of bio-production capabilities of the versatility and robustness of automated system have been major bottlenecks along with economical efficiency. This paper introduces a new concept of automation based on tole-operation, which can provide solutions to overcome inherent difficulties in automating bio-production processes. Operator(farmer), computer, and automatic machinery share their roles utilizing their maximum merits to accomplish given tasks successfully. Among processes of greenhouse watermelon cultivation tasks such as pruning, watering, pesticide application, and harvest with loading were chosen based on the required labor intensiveness and functional similarities to realize the proposed concept. The developed system was composed of 5 major hardware modules such as wireless remote monitoring and task control module, wireless remote image acquisition and data transmission module, gantry system equipped with 4 d.o.f. Cartesian type robotic manipulator, exchangeable modular type end-effectors, and guided watermelon loading and storage module. The system was operated through the graphic user interface using touch screen monitor and wireless data communication among operator, computer, and machine. The proposed system showed practical and feasible way of automation in the field of volatile bio-production process.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

Major deficiencies of current automation scheme including various robots for bioproduction include the lack of task adaptability and real time processing, low job performance for diverse tasks, and the lack of robustness of take results, high system cost, failure of the credit from the operator, and so on. This paper proposed a scheme that could solve the current limitation of task abilities of conventional computer controlled automatic system. The proposed scheme is the man-machine hybrid automation via tele-operation which can handle various bioproduction processes. And it was classified into two categories. One category was the efficient task sharing between operator and CCM(computer controlled machine). The other was the efficient interface between operator and CCM. To realize the proposed concept, task of the object identification and extraction of 3D coordinate of an object was selected. 3D coordinate information was obtained from camera calibration using camera as a measurement device. Two stereo images were obtained by moving a camera certain distance in horizontal direction normal to focal axis and by acquiring two images at different locations. Transformation matrix for camera calibration was obtained via least square error approach using specified 6 known pairs of data points in 2D image and 3D world space. 3D world coordinate was obtained from two sets of image pixel coordinates of both camera images with calibrated transformation matrix. As an interface system between operator and CCM, a touch pad screen mounted on the monitor and remotely captured imaging system were used. Object indication was done by the operator’s finger touch to the captured image using the touch pad screen. A certain size of local image processing area was specified after the touch was made. And image processing was performed with the specified local area to extract desired features of the object. An MS Windows based interface software was developed using Visual C++6.0. The software was developed with four modules such as remote image acquisiton module, task command module, local image processing module and 3D coordinate extraction module. Proposed scheme shoed the feasibility of real time processing, robust and precise object identification, and adaptability of various job and environments though selected sample tasks.