• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.544-548
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• 2021

Scientific and technical development, as well as the emergence of new types of contracts, which do not have their expression in current legislation, force us to explore the issues of contract law to adapt to change. In this context, the principle of freedom of contract is fundamental, which states that each person has the right to enter into a contractual relationship at his discretion. However, such freedom is not absolute, because the freedom of one person should not violate the freedom of another. Together with the conflict of private and public interests, these phenomena are a field for the study of topical issues of theory and application of the principle of freedom of contract in practice. Research methods are philosophical, general scientific, and special scientific methods, in particular, system-structural, formal-legal, hermeneutic; methods of analysis, synthesis, etc. As a result of the research, the main characteristics of the principle of freedom of contract, its role for private law regulation of contract law are given; approaches to understanding the restriction of contract freedom are analyzed; typical examples and means of such restrictions are identified; demonstrated how contract freedom is embodied in the use of IT tools, which types of contracts are most common in the digital environment.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.35-86
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• 2005

International distributorship contract(IDC), as well as international agency contract is a type of contract which is most frequently used in international trade. But one of the main difficulties faced by parties of IDC is the lack of uniform rules for this type of contract. This means that both parties should be careful about each clause of the contract when they draw up it. The ICC prepared model form which incorporates the prevailing practice in international trade, and which aims at protecting and balancing the legitimate interests of both parties. This author examined the several important clauses in this model contract. The purpose of this examination is to help the contracting parties for better understanding and applying them in their actual contracting practice, which based on this model contract. When the supplier and the distributor execute their contract or use ICC Model Contract, they should be careful about the following points: First, some terminologies(like, "territory", "product", "competing products" and "exclusivity") should be clearly defined in their contract. Second, regarding the supplier's functions including "supplying products" and the distributor's responsibility including "undertaking not to compete", and "attaining guaranteed minimum targets", both parties should make clear about each party's right and obligation as well as one party's remedies available when other party makes breach of its obligation. Third, both parties should examine the relationship between the "exclusivity" or "sole" and competition law which is regarded as a mandatory rule in the territory. Forth, when both parties lay down "termination clause" in the contract, they should make clear about the indemnity in case of termination. Fifth, as there is not uniform law for the distributorship contract, it is inevitable to choose any local law as an applicable law in case of litigation. So both parties should keep in mind to insert arbitration clause to avoid the application of the local law. Besides, both parties should consider their individual and specific circumstances and try to reflect them in their contract by Annex I to XI attached to the end of model contract.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2012

방송 제작산업의 불공정 거래관행은 계약과 제작관행이 주원인이다. 불공정 거래 행위 발생 원인은 계약 체결 시점, 계약 내용의 미비, 계약 내용의 불이행 문제로 분류할 수 있다. 특히 계약 내용의 불이행은 제작 업계의 관행이 주요한 원인이다. 따라서 불공정 거래 관행 개선을 위해서는 계약 체계 정립을 통해 제작 관행의 개선을 유도하여야 한다. 먼저 방송 산업의 특성상 본계약 이전에 예약을 체결하는 것이 바람직하다. 집필계약, 출연계약, 고용계약의 근본이 되는 표준제작계약서를 제정하여 계약 관계를 통해 방송제작산업이 공정하고 체계적으로 추동될 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것이 시급하다. 표준제작계약서에는 방송사에서 파견한 인력이 지켜야 할 의무 조항, 포맷을 개발한 제작사의 권리 인정, 제작의 자율성 범위 규정 등의 내용이 명기되어야 한다. 또한 방송법 내에 금지조항을 신설하여 불공정 거래 발생 원인을 제한하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

This study investigates a buyer-supplier supply chain, in which a buyer delegates the production process to a supplier as in many practices. The consumer's buying intention and overall supply chain performance are affected not only by the buyer's decision on sales price but also by the supplier's decision on product quality. Therefore, the buyer has a motivation to control the supplier's quality investment. Among various incentive schemes that the buyer can adopt in practice, we consider a revenue-sharing contract and investigate its unique characteristics. By comparison with a typical wholesale price contract, we reveal that the revenue-sharing contract can enhance supply chain's overall performance, including quality, demand, and profits of not only overall supply chain but also each player. We contribute to the academia and the supply chain practice by providing important guidelines in adopting incentive schemes and effectively managing product quality in a supply chain.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제75권
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• pp.49-69
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• 2017

Making a international contract of sale is not a simple work. International Trade parties(seller and buyer) may choose trade terms such as FOB or CIF to simplify their contracts and avoid misunderstanding of international commercial practice. Incoterms is the international rules for the interpretation of the trade terms, and firstly regulated by the ICC in 1936. The latest version is Incoterms 2010. Incoterms 2010 governs certain responsibilities between the seller and the buyer under the international contract of sale. Moreover, Incoterms 2010 provides the standard of division of costs relating to contract of carriage. But we should note that Incoterms 2010 is not the part of contract of carriage. The writer points out that there is no consistence principle in distributing the special costs under the contract of carriage like unloading cost from the transport vehicle. To avoid the dispute between the parties, it is more safe for international traders to fully and completely understand on the customs and practice of carriage of goods. Incoterms 2010 provides more detailed method of delivery of goods than CISG and RAFTD. Concerning the method of delivery of goods, CISG and RAFTD simply provide that the seller shall place the goods at the discharge of buyers. The writer suggests the basic principles to allocate the special costs of delivery of goods according to the trade terms under Incoterms 2010.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.153-178
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• 2016

The United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods(CISG) leaves a number of aspects concerning commercial sales untouched. In particular, it is not concerned with the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage. And UNIDROIT don't deal with all-round validity in International Commercial Contract. Especially, UNIDROIT includes declaration of intention department. The UNIDROIT contains the chapter 3 on the "validity" in terms of the defects of consent such as mistake, fraud, and threat as well as "gross disparity". Notwithstanding these provisions, the Principles did not deal with invalidity arising from the lack of capacity or authority, or immorality or illegality. On the other hand, there are arguments that the corresponding provisions of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts(UNIDROIT Principles; PICC). Therefore, Validity in International Commercial Contract is delegate by Each Country Law. So Trade practicer should know full well about Each Country Law Position. People(human, corporation, company) of position Trade practice classify each country civil law relation to validity of commercial contract. This paper is to examine the Validity of UNIDROIT Principles. Also this paper analyses comparison on each country position relation to capacity of right, capacity to act, illegality of contract, declaration of intention. In conclusion, This paper expect that people of trade practice makes use of analysis knowledge.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.239-242
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• 2007

현재 국내건설공사 참여자들은 계약문서의 계약조건에 의해 공사를 수행하기보다는 건설현장에 뿌리내려온 전통적인 관행에 의해 공사를 수행해왔다. 복잡 다양한 건설환경을 고려하여 볼 때, 단지 몇 권의 계약문서만으로 그 모든 분쟁 요소를 해결할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 현 국내의 건설공사의 계약문서인 공사계약일반조건을 고찰하여 불합리를 해결함과 동시에 일반조건의 개선방안 및 계약관리의 효율화 방안을 제시하여 계약관리 및 공사관리의 미숙으로 인한 클레임을 최소화하기위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구결과 국내의 공공건설 클레임과 관련된 문제를 최소화하기 위한 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. (1) 설계변경시기에 대한 명확한 규정이 필요하다. (2) 감리자의 권한을 점차 강화하고, 동시에 책임도 강화해야 한다. (3) 설계감리제도가 계약에 반영되어야 한다. (4) 클레임제기시 그 사유를 분명히 하도록 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

The Bidding System of the public IT project in Korea is fallen behind, because of the ordering habitual practice based old system, overcompetition based sealed bid and subcontract practice. To innovate this old-fashioned practice for public IT project bidding, this paper wants to generate a proper improvement direction of the public IT project contract law and the related policy through the literature review about the ordering and receiving system in Korea, the practical survey about bidding marketplace in Korea, and competition between bidding system and/or policy of major countries: USA, UK, France and Japan. As a result of practical survey, many problems of the current public IT project bidding system came out and improvement ideas toward future situation turned up. These outputs implicate that the current law and system related public IT project demands better improvement work for the future ubiquitous Korea. Therefore, this paper, to solve these problems about bidding systems and practice, propose the new public IT project contract law and the related policy, reflecting these improvement ideas by the practical survey and the literature review, and benchmarking points from bidding system of other countries.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.412-421
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• 2013

본 논문의 목적은 마음챙김의 올바른 이해를 바탕으로 그 실천의 중요성을 인식하고, 마음챙김 실천을 통해 정보시스템 아웃소싱 성공을 위한 하나의 방법을 찾아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 계약 완결성, 관계강도, 마음챙김 실천, 신뢰수준, 정보시스템 아웃소싱 성공으로 구성된 이론모형을 제안하고 분석한다. 자료는 설문방법으로 수집하였고, PLS 방법으로 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과 첫째, 마음챙김 실천은 신뢰수준 뿐만 아니라 정보시스템 아웃소싱 성공에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 계약완결성과 관계강도는 모두 마음챙김 실천에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 정보시스템 아웃소싱 성공에 있어서 마음챙김 실천의 역할을 이해하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하게 될 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2001

최근 들어 설계서의 누락, 오류 및 불분명과 관련된 클레임이 급증하고 있으며, 다양한 건설분쟁해결방법이 모색되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 시공자들은 발주자가 제시하는 클레임조정결과의 내용이 건설현장을 적절히 반영하지 못하였음을 이유로 이를 받아들이지 아니하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구의 목적은 계약당사자의 책임 및 건설 클레임을 분석한 후 공공공사의 입찰 및 계약제도의 개선방안을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구 결과 클레임을 최소화하기 위한 방안을 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 반복공사에서는 표준도 축적 및 재활용되어야 하고 발주자별로 특화된 시방서가 활용되어야 한다. (2) 설계자의 한계를 초과하는 부분에 대해서는 전문가책임보험제도가 도입되어야 한다. (3) 도면에 대한 개념이 구체화되어야 한다. (4) 설계업무대가기준이 정립되어야 한다. (5) 다양한 계약체계가 확립되어야 한다.