• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and diagnostic features, therapeutic outcome and compilations of interventional ductal occlusion in 37 dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Malteses and female dogs were over-presented. Bounding pulse and left basal continuous murmur were most common findings in physical examination, while the differential cyanosis was rarely observed. Left ventricular (LV) enlargement patterns and sinus tachycardia were common in the ECG. Typical radiographic findings included LV elongation and triple bumps indicating left atrial (LA), aortic and pulmonary dilation. Echocardiographic features were typical shunt flow at the ductus arteriosus and marked LV dilation with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation (MR). The 32 of 37 dogs were interventionally treated with either thromboemolic coils (TCE) or Amplatz canine ductal occluder (ACDO). Transient hemoglobinuria caused by incomplete closure was occurred in 2 dogs treated with TCE, although the hemoglobinuria was disappeared within a week of intervention. The dislodgement of occlusion device was occurred in 2 dogs with TCE and 1 dog with ACDO. However there were no significant complications associated with this dislodgement, since those were dislodged at the lower pulmonary vasculature. We also found that no serious complications and no further medical intervention in 29 dogs having long-term follow-ups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.573-581
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• 1999

The study was carried out to determine the toxicity of cyanide on the hemochemical changes of Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio reared under a continuous-flow system for 5 weeks, The carps exposed to cyanide concentation oyer 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$ started to decrease significantly in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value at week 4. However a significant elevation of MCH and MCV was noticed a week later, at week 5 at cyanide concentration 289 $\mu$g/$\ell$. The low concentration of serum calcium was observed at the last week of the experiment in cyanide concentration 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$, while serum magnesium concentration initiated to increase from the 4th week at the cyanide concentration 289 $\mu$g/$\ell$. Serum -total protein, albumin and glucose concentrations decreased significantly after 4th week at the concentration over 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$. A significant increment of GOT, GPT and LDH activities in the carp serum was noticed after 3rd week at cyanide concentrations over 151$\mu$g/$\ell$ without typical changes of Al-P and amylase, These results indicate that carps can be affected by cyanide in terms of red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value in blood, calcium and magnesium concentration, GOT, GPT and LDH activities in serum when they were exposed to the cyanide concentrations 151 $\mu$g/$\ell$ or higher.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to monitor the streamflow of rural streams for investigating the status of stream depletion located downstream of irrigation reservoir. Bonghyun and Hi reservoirs area, located in Gyeongnam, Gosung-gun, Hi-myeon, were selected for study watersheds and streams. Streamflow monitoring were conducted 6 times during the paddy growing season of 2010 from May to October. Streamflow was measured for 18 stations downstream from two reservoirs with the interval of 300m to 500m, The amount of streamflow were highly dependent on the antecedent precipitation and irrigation amount. In most observation stations, streamflow was depleted when precipitation and irrigation were not provided. Pumping from stream for irrigation and water supply for factory and irrigation return flow were also factors on streamflow. Continuous monitoring for rural streams located in downstream of reservoirs are required to quantify the status of streamflow depletion and determine the amount of environmental flows.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2013

Carbon dioxide emission estimation methods consist of four tiers according to the IPCC guideline. In this study, estimated results by tier 3 and tier 4 were compared with the theoretically calculated $CO_2$ emissions based on the mass balance approach for a gas fired power plant between March and May 2011. It was found that the relative differences were upto 17% between the measured emissions by tier 4 and theoretically estimated emissions, while the results of tier 3 were similar to those from theoretically estimated ones. The comparisons suggested the possibility of misestimation due to replacing missing, abnormal, or invalid data in continuous emissions monitoring system. When using only the data without those missing, abnormal, or invalid data, the relative differences decreased somewhat but still showed consistent differences depending on the stack. It is suggested that this differences might be due to the accuracy of the measurement instruments for the tier 4, especially, for the flow rate measurement instrument.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

The linear and cross-sectional shapes of the natural river channel are subjected to continuous changes in time and space due to the interaction with the flow of water and sediment transport. This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics and change patterns of river channel quantitatively for the middle reach of Nakdong River, which has undergone large scale riverbed dredging and construction work, as Four Major River Restoration Project. A series of bathymetry and near-river survey has been conducted to obtain the detailed terrain information for the study area. The properties related to the linear and cross-sectional characteristics of river channel have been calculated based on the filed survey data and analyzed with comparing the survey data obtained in 2012 for the project completion. Since there has not been enough time for meaningful terrain change to take place, it was not possible to extract special tendency in the degree and aspect of terrain change. However, it is necessary to make regular examinations to the patterns and degree of river channel change using the proposed methodology.

• ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.142-149
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• 2018

In this study, 844 Hanwoo proven bulls in South Korea (called KPN) were classified into 8 groups based on their birth year. Microsatellite (MS) marker information for paternity identification of each individual is provided at the homepage of the National Agricultural Cooperation Federation, Korea (NACF) and is mainly for the analysis of genetic diversity and structural changes. The polymorphism analysis of KPN whole groups revealed the average number of alleles in each marker (number of alleles), the expected heterozygosity ($H_{ex}$), the observed heterozygosity ($H_{ob}$), the polymorphism information content (PIC) and the $F_{is}$ mean as 10.54, 0.764, 0.773, 0.727 and -0.014, respectively. For group D, with the birth year 2004-2005, the $H_{ex}$ and $H_{ob}$ were 0.777 and 0.792 respectively and the PIC was 0.740. The $H_{ex}$ of group C and D, with birth years 2003-2004 and 2007-2008, respectively, were greater than $H_{ob}$. In all the other groups, $H_{ob}$ was greater than $H_{ex}$. Genetic composition and structure were analyzed using STRUCTURE software. According to the analyzed results, the generation of Hanwoo groups showed changes in specific genetic components according to the flow. It was confirmed that the continuous improvement in the Hanwoo affects the genetic structure of the proven bulls group. The results of this study are expected to be used for enhancing the efficiency of Hanwoo improvement project.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Effects of the Cu and K addition and the reduction condition of Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch reaction are studied in a continuous flow reactor in this research. The catalysts for the reaction were prepared by homogeneous precipitation followed by incipient wetness impregnation. Physicochemical properties of the $Al_2O_3$ supported Fe-based catalysts are characterized by various methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Catalytic activities and stabilities of the Fe/Cu/K catalyst are investigated in time-on-stream for an extended reaction time over 216 h. It is found that a reduction of the catalysts using a mixture of CO and $H_2$ can promote their catalytic activities, attributed to the iron carbides formed on the catalysts surface by X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Cu induces a fast stabilization of the reaction reducing the time to reach at the steady state by enhancement of catalytic reduction. The addition of K to the catalysts increases the CO conversion, while the physical stability of catalyst decreases with potassium loading up to 5%. The Fe/Cu (5%)/K (1%) catalyst shows an enhanced long term stability for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction under the practical reaction condition, displaying about 15% decrease in the CO conversion after 120 h of the operation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2021

In this study the suction pressure was measured with respect to operational time by submersing the multi-bore capillary membrane module in membrane bioreactor(MBR). The hexagonal shape capillary module which has the nominal pore size of 0.2 ㎛, outer diameter of 6.4 or 4.2 mm was immersed in MLSS 8,000 mg/L active sludge aqueous solution, and confirmed changes with respect to permeation flux and air flow rate. It was operated by the filtration/relaxation(FR), FR with backwashing(FR/BW), and sinusoidal flux continuous operation(SFCO) modes. The suction pressure for the SFCO and FR modes was lower at 30 and 50 L/m²·hr, respectively. In addition, the suction pressure of the module with a small outer diameter was relatively low. The suction pressure of a large outer diameter was greatly increased, but it could be reduced by more than 40% by backwashing.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2021

This study demonstrates a new method for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles composed of an inorganic silica shell and organic core particles. The organic core particles are prepared with a uniform size using droplet-based microfluidic technology. In the process of preparing the organic core particles, uniform droplets are generated by independently controlling the flow rates of the dispersed phase containing photocurable resins and the continuous phase. After the generation of droplets in a microfluidic device, the droplets are photo-polymerized as particles by ultraviolet irradiation at the ends of microfluidic channels. The core particle is coated with a nano complex composed of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and phosphate ion (Pi) through strong non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction under optimized pH conditions. The polyamine nano complex rapidly induces the condensation reaction of silicic acid through the arranged amine groups of the main chain of PAH. Therefore, this method enabled the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid particles coated with inorganic silica nanoparticles on the organic core. Finally, we demonstrated the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid particles in a short time under ambient and environmentally friendly conditions, and this is applicable to the production of organic-inorganic hybrid particles having various sizes and shapes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

The existing construction industry is classified into industries with low productivity compared to other industries. In order to solve the decline in productivity in the construction industry, the world is focusing on off-site construction (OSC), which is about 40% more productive than existing construction methods. This high productivity is possible because the three stages of production, transport to the site, and site assembly are consistently maintained in a continuous flow. This study conducted a functional survey through literature review, preliminary field survey, questionnaire, and expert interview. The surveyed function were classified into five categories: convenience, flexibility, manageability, communication, and safety, and the functional characteristics of flexibility, manageability, and communication were high. Because of the change according to the construction progress, the production schedule of the factory, and the variety of transportation time required. Finally, A functional block diagram was developed based on the 15 functions corresponding with an average score of 4 or more in the surveyed function score result. If the OSC transport system is established through this study, It can contribute to a successful construction OSC project and increase productivity.