• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.270-270
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• 2013

We have investigated the self-assembled structures of glutaric acid (HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH) on the Cu(110) surface as a function of coverage using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). At low coverage, glutaric acid molecules diffuse freely on Cu(110) surface at room temperature, thus they can't form ordered structures at this coverage. However, when we scanned the same area several times, novel structures have been created during scanning due to the field-induced self-assembly. Also, the induced structures are quite stable during continuous scanning process. At 0.25 ML, glutaric acid adsorbs as a bi-glutarate (-OOC(CH2)3-COO-) after annealing to 450 K producing a racemic conglomerate of coexisting mirror domains. Although the molecule is achiral, it forms chiral domains on the surface from adsorption-induced asymmetrization. At 0.5 ML coverage, zigzag structure is observed, and still gltutaric acid adsorbs as a bidentate configuration. This bi-glutarate structure is stable until 650. Finally, at 1ML, glutaric acid adsorbs as a mono-glutarate at room temperature forming close packed structures.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.452-454
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• 1995

게 껍질과 갑오징어 널에서 조제한 키틴과 키토산을 흡착제로 사용하여 염색공장에서 폐기되는 폐색소를 정화하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 이중 키토산이 키틴 보다 효율적인 흡착제로 작용하였으며, 키토산을 채운 컬럼 실험에서 1kg의 키토산은 0.05%의 색소를 함유한 염색 폐수 120L를 75% 효율로 흡착제거하였다. 이는 1kg의 키토산이 45g의 색소를 흡착하였다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2007

The present paper deals with gaseous carbon dioxide separation by a commercial adsorbent: X-type zeolite. Experimental work was carried out at an ambient condition focusing on how well meeting to the national guideline. A few types of reactor and material were examined, and practical capability was found in a granular bed type reactor with the flow of 2.5 CMM. An optimum design of reactor and adsorbent could provide the required concentration, less than 2500 ppm, for the continuous operation up to 10 hours. More work including automatic regeneration is now underworking.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2002

Using a simple continuous optical technique, coupled with measurements of zeta potential, the flocculation characteristics of kaoline suspensions of different content(15, 35 and 55 NTU) by several cationic polyelectrolytes, has been examined. The optimum mixing is obtained under a constant stirring of 200 rpm, differently from a general flocculation test. The charge density of a polyelectrolyte is important in determining the optimum dosage and in the removal of kaoline particles. The optimum dosage is less for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and is the same regardless of kaoline content. At the dosage, the removal of kaoline particles is higher for the polyelectrolyte of higher charge density and zeta potential of kaoline particles reaches to near zero. The rate of adsorption and flocculation rate have been found to be affected by charge density and molecular weight of a polyelelctrolyte and the content of kaoline particles.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1999

The removal characteristics of H$_2$S from IGCC process over the natural manganese ore(NMO) containing several metal oxides($MnO_x$ : 51.85%, $FeO_y$ : 3.86%, CaO : 0.11%) were carried out in a batch type fluidized bed reactor(I.D.=40mm, height=0.8m). The $H_2S$ breakthrough curves were obtained as a function of temperature, initial gas velocity, initial gas concentration, and aspect ratio. The effect of particle size ratio and particle mixing fraction on $H_2S$ removal were investigated with binary system of different particle size. From this study, the adsorption capacity of $H_2S$ increased with temperature but decreased with excess gas velocity. The breakthrough time for $H_2S$ is reduced as the gas velocity is increased which leaded to gas by-passing and gas-solid contacting in a fluidized bed reactor. The results of the binary particle system with different size in batch experimental could predict to improve the behavior of continuous process of $H_2S$ removal efficiency. The natural manganese ore could be considered as potential sorbent in $H_2S$ removal.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2004

The rejection properties of 6 aromatic pesticides were evaluated by a continuous flow system equipped with a hollow fiber NF membrane. Different from the separation experiment of batch cell, the rejection and the removal could be calculated exactly because the concentration of feed, permeate and retentate was separately obtained. The lowest and the highest rejection were found in carbaryl(54.8%) and methoxychlor(99.2%), respectively, and the removals were always shown higher than rejections. This may be caused by some reasons such as the solute adsorption on the membrane, the variation of feed concentration. Although molecular weight, molecular width regarded as solute characteristics and log P(n-octanol/water partition coefficient) as hydrophobicity could be applied to explain the rejection property, these factors should be considered together for better analysis. According to the higher relationship between log B(solute permeability) and molecular weight, it was revealed that the solute separation with this membrane was influenced more by molecular weight.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2021

In this study, the use of waste food grade aluminium foil and mild steel as a sacrificial electrode in an electrocoagulation system was developed to remove reactive red 111 from wastewater. The effect of different parameters like pH, current density, electrode material, and different electrode configurations was investigated. Optimum operating conditions for maximum COD removal were determined as, 6 mA/㎠ current density and 30 min at 5 pH for aluminium foil and 7 pH for mild steel. Maximum COD reduction obtained at optimum conditions using monopolar 4 electrodes, monopolar 2 electrodes and bipolar electrode configuration were 96.5%, 89.3%, and 90.2% for Mild steel as a sacrificial electrode and 92.1%, 84.2%, and 88.6% for aluminium foil as a sacrificial electrode. The consumption of electrode and energy for both the electrodes of different configurations were calculated and compared. Using batch experimental data, a continuous-flow reactor was developed. Sludge analysis using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done. Different adsorption kinetic models and isotherms were developed and it was found that pseudo second-order model and Langmuir isotherm fit best with the experimental data obtained.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.427-438
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• 2023

Thermodynamic sorption modeling can enhance confidence in assessing and demonstrating the radionuclide sorption phenomena onto various mineral adsorbents. In this work, Ca-montmorillonite was successfully purified from Bentonil-WRK bentonite by performing the sequential physical and chemical treatments, and its geochemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, cesium-saturation method, and controlled continuous acid-base titration. Further, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption properties of Cs(I) and Sr(II) onto the homoionic Ca-montmorillonite under ambient conditions, and the diffuse double layer model-based inverse analysis of sorption data was performed to establish the relevant surface reaction models and obtain corresponding thermodynamic constants. Two types of surface reactions were identified as responsible for the sorption of Cs(I) and Sr(II) onto Ca-montmorillonite: cation exchange at interlayer site and complexation with edge silanol functionality. The thermodynamic sorption modeling provides acceptable representations of the experimental data, and the species distributions calculated using the resulting reaction constants accounts for the predominance of cation exchange mechanism of Cs(I) and Sr(II) under the ambient aqueous conditions. The surface complexation of cationic fission products with silanol group slightly facilitates their sorption at pH > 8.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2009

Recently, there has been a keen demand for real-time automatic monitoring of VOCs not only in Korea but other developed countries. We carried out this study to evaluate and to optimize the performance of a continuous automatic monitoring system for hazardous VOCs (HVOCs) in the ambient atmosphere, using an on-line GC system. The online system normally consisted of a Nafion dryer prior to a cold trap of an automatic thermal desorption apparatus and a GC system equipped with two detectors, i.e. PID and ECD. Preliminary tests conducted to check out any contamination of the system revealed an evidence of significant artifact formation of benzene, and it was found that the Nafion dryer (even brand new one) is the source of the benzene artifact. Thus, all the subsequent experiments in this study was carried out inevitably by removing the Nafion dryer. The on-line GC method was investigated with a variety of QC/QA performance criteria such as repeatability, linearity, lower detection limits, and accuracy. In order to find out the best operating condition for the on-line GC system, three different types (in terms of adsorption strength) of cold trap combinations were tested, i.e. (i) Tenax-TA and Carbopack-B combination (weak and hydrophobic); (ii) Tenax-TA, Carbopack-X and Carboxen-1000 combination (strong and hydrophilic); and (iii) Tenax-TA and Carbopack-X combination (medium and hydrophobic/hydrophilic). The USEPA TO-17 manual method was selected as a reference method to evaluate the performance of the on-line method. A series of experiments revealed that the system performance was superior to others when a cold trap packed with hydrophilic adsorbents (Tenax-TA/Carbopack-X/Carboxen-1000 combination) was used and operated at $25^{\circ}C$. However, the system with a cold trap packed with a combination of Tenax-TA and Carbopack-X is more recommended for field applications since the carboxen-1000 adsorbent is too sensitive to water vapor, and hence the performance of the system might be very unstable to humid samples or during rainy days. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy criteria of the Tenax-TA/ Carbopack-X combination were generally compatible with the triple adsorbents cold trap. The continuous automatic monitoring method is, thus, considered very useful to real-time monitoring to understand the variations of VOCs concentrations in ambient air, as it adopts much simpler procedures in sampling, analysis, and data integration steps than manual monitoring methods. However, it should be noted that there is a high possibility of benzene artifacts formation through the Nafion dryer, which is often installed to remove water vapor in air samples before being adsorbed onto the cold trap. Therefore, if a Nafion dryer is used in any studies of monitoring VOCs, the benzene contamination should be carefully examined before carrying out obtaining the data.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2012

항생제는 환경에 지속적인 노출과 저항성으로 인해 우려물질로 간주되고 있다. 항생제의 제한적인 생분해능에 따른 하수처리장에서의 불완전한 제거와 광범위한 사용으로 인해 상대적으로 많은 양이 환경에 방류되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 촉매(Titanium dioxide; $TiO_2$, Hydroxyapatite; HAP)를 통해 항생제의 하나인 sulfamethoxazole의 동역학적 흡착과 광촉매반응에 대해 연구하였으며, 부가적으로 통계적 분석방법인 반응표면법(RSM)을 이용하여 UV/$TiO_2$/HAP 시스템에서의 운전인자의 영향을 살펴보았다. 동역학적 연구결과로 $TiO_2$/HAP의 흡착반응은 유사 2차 반응을 따르는 것으로 나타났으며, 입자내 확산 모델의 적용 결과, 반응속도 상수는 각각 $TiO_2$=$0.064min^{-1}$, HAP=$0.2866min^{-1}$와 $TiO_2$/HAP=$0.3708min^{-1}$으로 나타났다. RSM의 결과로는 ANOVA에서의 회귀항의 유의성이 나타났으며(P-value<0.05) 높은 결정계수 값($R^2$=96.2%, $R^2_{Adj}$=89.3%)이 나타나 이차 회귀모델의 예측이 만족스러운 것으로 관찰되었다. 그리고 Y(SMX 제거율, %)에 대해 예측된 최적 조건들은 코드화된 인자 기준으로 각각 $x_1$(SMX의 초기농도)=-0.7828, $x_2$(촉매의 양)=0.9974 그리고 $x_3$(반응시간)=0.5738로 나타났다. 입자내 확산 모델과 광촉매 산화 반응의 결과에 따르면 $TiO_2$/HAP 공정이 일반적인 고도산화공정에 비해 효율적인 것으로 관찰되었다.