• 대기
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Future climate changes over East Asia are projected by anthropogenic forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols using ECHO-G/S (ECHAM4/HOPE-G). Climate simulation in the 21st century is conducted with three standard SRES scenarios (A1B, B1, and A2) and the model performance is assessed by the 20th Century (20C3M) experiment. From the present climate simulation (20C3M), the model reproduced reliable climate state in the most fields, however, cold bias in temperature and dry bias of summer in precipitation occurred. The intercomparison among models using Taylor diagram indicates that ECHO-G/S exhibits smaller mean bias and higher pattern correlation than other nine AOGCMs. Based on SRES scenarios, East Asia will experience warmer and wetter climate in the coming 21st century. Changes of geographical patterns from the present to the future are considerably similar through all the scenarios except for the magnitude difference. The temperature in winter and precipitation in summer show remarkable increase. In spite of the large uncertainty in simulating precipitation by regional scale, we found that the summer (winter) precipitation at eastern coast (north of $40^{\circ}N$) of East Asia has significantly increased. In the 21st century, the warming over the continents of East Asia showed much more increase than that over the ocean. Hence, more enhanced (weakened) land-sea thermal contrast over East Asia in summer (winter) will cause strong (weak) monsoon. In summer, the low pressure located in East Asia becomes deeper and the moisture from the south or southeast is transported more into the land. These result in increasing precipitation amount over East Asia, especially at the coastal region. In winter, the increase (decrease) of precipitation is accompanied by strengthening (weakening) of baroclinicity over the land (sea) of East Asia.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2004

이 논문에서 우리는 대기 대순환 모형을 사용하여 지구 온난화에 따를 육지 대기로의 물 수송 변화를 평가했다. 해양으로부터 육지로의 물 수송 변화량은 지구온난화에 따라 거의 연중 증가한다. 유라시아대륙의 물 수송량은 연중 170∼350${\times}$106 Mt/day 수준의 증가를 보인다. 아프리카로의 수송은 11월을 제외한 모든 달에 감소를 보이고 특히 8월과 9월에 -350${\times}$106 Mt/day의 최대 감소를 나타낸다. 유라시아와 아프리카를 제외한 다른 대륙들에의 수송은 $\pm$80${\times}$106 Mt/day 미만의 증가와 감소를 달에 따라 다르게, 그리고 불규칙하게 보인다. 지구온난화로 유라시아 대륙에로의 물 수송이 전체적으로 증가하지만, 이 대륙 안에 위치한 사막지역의 물 수송은 감소한다. 그러므로, 사막을 제외한 부분, 특히 몬순 지역에 증가 분이 집중될 것이고, 이러한 동아시아 몬순강화의 결과로 몬순지역에 상당한 가용수의 증가가 기대된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1990

Foliated granites between Damyang and Jinan are subdivided into Daegang foliated granite, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite by mineral and texture. From EPMA data of the foliated granites following results are achieved. Composition of plagioclase are correspond to andesine, oligoclase and albite in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite and other foliated granites, respectively. And amphiboles are calcic hornblende in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, and riebeckite in Daegang foliated granite. In differentiation index(D. I.) and Larsen index(L. I.), Daegang foliated granite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite which belong to granite are 83.12-95.54 and 25.86-29.05 and Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite of diorite to granodiorite are 54.99-78.54(D. I.) and 6.48-21.01(L. I.). Harker and AMF diagrams plotted from foliated granites show that the granites are product of calc alkali rock series orignated from co-magma. Characteristic foliation of foliated granites fromed by ductile deformation at deep zone of dextral strike slip fault. Foliated granites are considered as a series of differentiated product of Triassic Igneous activity of Songrim disturbance. According to REE, (La/Lu) and Eu/Sm, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite are correspond to granodiorite, and other foliated granites are monzo-and syeno-granite. Foliated granites having 0.20-0.01 of Em/Sm ratio are plutons emplaced by the tectonic setting in continents and continental margin.

• 대기
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2013

In recent several years, East Asia, Europe and North America have suffered successive cold winters and a number of historical records on the extreme weathers are replaced with new record-breaking cold events. As a possible explanation, several studies suggested that cryospheric conditions of Northern Hemisphere (NH), i.e. Arctic sea-ice and snow cover over northern part of major continents, are changing significantly and now play an active role for modulating midlatitude atmospheric circulation patterns that could bring cold winters for some regions in midlatitude. In this study, a dynamical seasonal prediction system for NH winter is newly developed using the snow depth initialization technique and statistically predicted sea-ice boundary condition. Since the snow depth shows largest variability in October, entire period of October has been utilized as a training period for the land surface initialization and model land surface during the period is continuously forced by the observed daily atmospheric conditions and snow depths. A simple persistent anomaly decaying toward an averaged sea-ice condition has been used for the statistical prediction of sea-ice boundary conditions. The constructed dynamical prediction system has been tested for winter 2012/13 starting at November 1 using 16 different initial conditions and the results are discussed. Implications and a future direction for further development are also described.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.701-712
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine concentrations and compositions of $PM_{2.5}$ and their characteristic variations at Ieodo Ocean Research Station in the East China Sea and to examine the influence of air pollutants transported from Asia continents. $O_3$ and meteorological parameters were measured since June 2003 and $PM_{2.5}$ filter samples were collected from June 2004 to June 2008. In total, 244 samples were analyzed for water soluble ions and carbonaceous compounds. The mean mass concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ and $O_3$ were $21.8{\pm}14.9{\mu}g/m^3$ and $51.6{\pm}16.1$ ppb, respectively. The average concentrations (mass fractions) of sulfate and ammonium were $6.26{\mu}g/m^3$ (28.74%) and $1.59{\mu}g/m^3$ (7.31%), respectively. Nitrate was considered to be lost through evaporation due to long stay at the station. The mean concentrations of EC and OC were $1.01{\mu}g/m^3$ and $2.34{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, from June 2006 to June 2008. The average OC/EC ratio was 2.31. The organic matter converted from OC by multiplying 2.1 and elemental carbon constituted 22.60% and 4.66% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 동시대 건축의 여러 형식의 건축물들 중에서도 형태적, 재료적, 구조적 실험의 장이 되고 있는 건축형식인 파빌리온 건축 중 한 가지 주제 아래 북미, 남미, 유럽, 아시아의 5개 다른 국가에서 시행되고 있는 "젊은 건축가 프로그램" 파빌리온 건축을 연구대상으로 하여 다양한 문화적 환경적 토양에서 다른 방식으로 표현되고 있는 지역성을 고찰하는 데 있다. 근대건축 이후 현대건축에 이르기까지 폭넓은 주제로 분석 및 연구되어지고 있는 지역성 분석 기준의 척도를 설정하기 위해 지역성 표현유형의 개념과 분류에 대한 선행 연구 분석을 통해 상징적, 구축적, 맥락적, 감촉적, 환경적, 이상 5가지 표현방식의 키워드를 도출하였으며 이 5가지 분석의 틀을 이용하여 각기 다른 나라에서 2010년 이후 현재까지 완공된 "젊은 건축가 프로그램" 파빌리온 건축에 있어서 특징적으로 나타나는 표현 양상을 입체적으로 분석하였다. 결론적으로 하나의 프로그램 안에서 같은 주제로 계획되고 지어지고 있는 파빌리온이라는 좁은 범위의 건축형식을 통해서도 각기 다른 나라의 문화가 표현되어 지는 특징적인 지역성의 표현방식을 비교 분석하였다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) is a wide-field photometric system installed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). Here, we present the overall technical specifications of the KMTNet observation system, test observation results, data transfer and image processing procedure, and finally, the KMTNet science programs. The system consists of three 1.6 m wide-field optical telescopes equipped with mosaic CCD cameras of 18k by 18k pixels. Each telescope provides a 2.0 by 2.0 square degree field of view. We have finished installing all three telescopes and cameras sequentially at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in South Africa, and the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO) in Australia. This network of telescopes, which is spread over three different continents at a similar latitude of about -30 degrees, enables 24-hour continuous monitoring of targets observable in the Southern Hemisphere. The test observations showed good image quality that meets the seeing requirement of less than 1.0 arcsec in I-band. All of the observation data are transferred to the KMTNet data center at KASI via the international network communication and are processed with the KMTNet data pipeline. The primary scientific goal of the KMTNet is to discover numerous extrasolar planets toward the Galactic bulge by using the gravitational microlensing technique, especially earth-mass planets in the habitable zone. During the non-bulge season, the system is used for wide-field photometric survey science on supernovae, asteroids, and external galaxies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6245-6250
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• 2012

Background: With increase in life expectancy, adoption of newer lifestyles and screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA), the incidence of prostate cancer is on rise. Globally prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. The present communication makes an attempt to analyze the time trends in incidence for different age groups of the Indian population reported in different Indian registries using relative difference and regression approaches. Materials and Methods: The data published in Cancer Incidence in Five Continents for various Indian registries for different periods and/or publications by the individual registries served as the source materials. Trends were estimated by computing the mean annual percentage change (MAPC) in the incidence rates using the relative difference between two time periods (latest and oldest) and also by estimation of annual percentage change (EAPC) by the Poisson regression model. Results: Age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) of prostate cancer for the period 2005-2008 ranged from 0.8 (Manipur state excluding Imphal west) to 10.9 (Delhi) per $10^5$ person-years. Age specific incidence rates (ASIR) increased in all PBCRs especially after 55 years showing a peak incidence at +65 years clearly indicating that prostate cancer is a cancer of the elderly. MAPC in crude incidence rate(CR) ranged from 0.14 (Ahmedabad) to 8.6 (Chennai). Chennai also recorded the highest MAPC of 5.66 in ASIR in the age group of 65+. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the AAR ranged from 0.8 to 5.8 among the three registries. Increase in trend was seen in the 55-64 year age group cohort in many registries and in the 35-44 age group in Metropolitan cities such as Delhi and Mumbai. Conclusions: Several Indian registries have revealed an increasing trend in the incidence of prostate cancer and the mean annual percentage change has ranged from 0.14-8.6.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6189-6193
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• 2013

In December 2011, the Cancer Research Centre of the Cancer Institute of Iran sponsored a 3-day workshop on "Cancer Registration Principle and Challenges in Iran", which convened cancer registry experts. The objectives of the workshop were: to introduce standard cancer registration, to review the policy and procedure of cancer registration in Iran, and to review the best practices in the cancer registries in Iran. Challenges to cancer registration were discussed and recommendations were developed. The workshop was evaluated by participants for better organization of subsequent workshops. The objective of publication of this report is that based on Cancer in 5 Continents, many low- or middle-income countries do not meet the criteria for a standard population-based cancer registry (PBCR); on the other hand cancer is the most important cause of mortality and the essential part of any cancer control program is the cancer registry. Therefore this report focuses on problems and challenges of PBCR and provides recommendations which might help other developing countries to decrease their PBCR defects.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.426-438
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• 2016

본 연구는 공공외교가 이루어지는 소통의 채널에 관심을 두고, 소셜미디어를 이용한 공공외교 활동의 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 따라 소셜 미디어의 특성이 공공외교 콘텐츠 호감도와 국가 이미지, 국가 브랜드 호감도와 로열티에 미치는 영향 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 체계적인 실증분석을 위하여 7개 대륙 42개국 외국인 301명을 대상으로 표본을 수집하였으며, 연구 결과, 소셜 미디어 특성 중 상호작용성과 신속성을 제외한 모든 변수가 공공외교 문화 콘텐츠 호감도와 유의한 영향 관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 공공외교 문화콘텐츠 호감도는 국가 이미지에 유의한 영향을 미치며, 국가 이미지는 국가 브랜드 호감도와 국가 브랜드 로열티에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이로써 21세기 공공외교 정책의 효과적인 수단으로써 소셜 미디어가 가지는 영향력이 검증되었으며, 공공외교를 수행하는 주체들에게 기초자료를 제공하여 미래 공공외교 활동에 이바지할 수 있는데 시사점이 있다.