• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.560-578
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop prevention and educational programs for battered women. The first stage was to assess battered women's health status and health needs. The second stage was to develop prevention and educational programs to improve battered women's health. A survey research design was used to gather data from June-November 1999 by the counselor. Research sample was recruited from shelter and women's counseling centers in Seoul, Inchon, Chooncheon, Taejeon, and Jeoju. Trained counselors contacted 218 women, who agreed verbally to participate in the study. The researcher did a literature review and developed the tool used. We did ten pretests and three counselors checked the tool for content validity. The reliability and validity of the instrument were acceptable. The second stage of the research consisted of lay-professional groups discussing the abuse problems and possible solutions. Each group had five professionals (counsellor, nurse, minister, psychiatrist, social worker) and five women who have experienced battering from her husband in community. Result of the survey and two(lay persons and professionals) group discussions showed that victims need more assessment of physical, mental and spiritual needs. Victims were beaten more often during their pregnancies than at other times. Various kind of strategy were frequently utilized, but still the number of women abused and suicides committed increased. Both studies showed that the women experienced severe beating, that they felt powerless, that they need to understand that society abuser characteristics, that they lack a protection support system and that society lacks would an understanding of battered women. Based on the result of both studies, we developed model for prevention and education of battered women. This educational program will increase women s power to solve the abuse problems. The ultimate goal of the program is to develop a one-stop center to give wholistic approach care to women in abuse situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.69-102
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• 2014

In this study, we propose an approach of building a portal site that can offer integrated services for textbook through special libraries For this purpose, we analyzed previous related studies and investigated textbook portal construction sites domestically and abroad. Based on this research, we developed survey questions and conducted a survey targeting users of textbook libraries. As a result, the following projects are required for creating a textbook library: a comprehensive list of textbooks and other content construction, digitization projects of library holdings, collection and delivery of various textbook-related reference books, building a textbook database by topic, collecting and providing textbook-related research publications, a cooperation network with textbook-related organizations, and active promotion of portal sites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.319-319
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• 2011

Hydrolysis of sodium borohydride provides a safe and clean approach to hydrogen generation. Having the proper catalytic support for controlling this reaction is therefore a valuable technology. Here we demonstrate the capability of hydroxyapatite as a novel catalytic support material for hydrogen generation. Aside from being inexpensive and durable, we reveal that Ru ion exchange on the HAP surface provides a highly active support for sodium borohydride hydrolysis, exemplifying a high total turnover number of nearly 24,000 mol $H_2$/ mol Ru. Moreover, we observe that the RuHAP support exhibits a high catalytic lifetime of approximately one month upon repeated exposure to $NaBH_4$ solutions. In addition to examining surface area effects, we also identified the role of complex surface morphology in enhancing hydrolysis by the catalytic transition metal covered surface. Particularly, we found that a polycrystalline RuHAP catalytic support exhibits shorter induction times for the initial bubble formation as well as increased hydrogen generation rates as compared to a single crystal supports. The independent factor of a complex surface morphology is believed to provide enhanced sites for gas release during the initial stages of the reaction. By demonstrating the ability to shorten induction time and enhance catalytic activity through changes in surface morphology and Ru content, we find it feasible to further explore this catalyst support in the construction of a practical hydrogen generator.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

In order to predict a remaining life of a plant, it is necessary to select the components that are critical to the plant life. The remaining life of those components shall be evaluated by considering the aging effect of materials used as well as numerous factors. However, when evaluating reliability of nuclear structural components, some problems are quite formidable because of lack of information such as operating history, material property change and uncertainty in damage models. Accordingly, if structural integrity and safety are evaluated by the deterministic fracture mechanics approach, it is expected that the results obtained are too conservative to perform a rational evaluation of plant life. The probabilistic fracture mechanics approaches are regarded as appropriate methods to rationally evaluate the plant life since they can consider various uncertainties such as sizes and shapes of cracks and degradation of material strength due to the aging effects. The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural integrity for a reactor pressure vessel under the small break loss of coolant accident by applying the deterministic and probabilistic fracture mechanics. The deterministic fracture mechanics analysis was performed using the three dimensional finite element model. The probabilistic integrity analysis was based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The selected random variables are the neutron fluence on the vessel inside surface, the content of copper, nickel, and phosphorus in the reactor pressure vessel material, and initial RTNDT.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.273-277
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• 2012

The vacuum drying process for drying of paper in current transformers was modeled with an aim to develop an understanding of the drying mechanism involved and also to predict the water collection rates. A molecular as well as macroscopic approach was adopted for the prediction of drying rate. Ficks law of diffusion was adopted for the prediction of drying rates at macroscopic levels. A steady state and dynamic mass transfer simulation was performed. The bulk diffusion coefficient was calculated using weight loss experiments. The accuracy of the solution was a strong function of the relation developed to determine the equilibrium moisture content. The actually observed diffusion constant was also important to predict the plant water removal rate. Thermo gravimetric studies helped in calculating the diffusion constant. In addition, simulation studies revealed the formation of perpetual moisture traps (loops) inside the CT. These loops can only be broken by changing the temperature or pressure of the system. The change in temperature or pressure changes the kinetic or potential energy of the effusing vapor resulting in breaking of the loop. The cycle was developed based on this mechanism. Additionally, simulation studies also revealed that the actual mechanism of moisture diffusion in CT's is by surface jumps initiated by surface diffusion balanced against the surrounding pressure. Every subsequent step in the cycle was to break such loops. The effect of change in drying time on the electrical properties of the insulation was also assessed. The measurement of capacitance at the rated voltage and one third of the rated voltage demonstrated that the capacitance change is within the acceptance limit. Hence, the new cycle does not affect the electrical performance of the CT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 1996

For the purpose of controlling the release of radioiodine to the environment in nuclear power plants, adsorption characteristics of elemental iodine and methyl iodide on the base carbon and 2%, 5% TEDA impregnated carbons were studied. The amounts of adsorption of elemental iodine and methyl iodide on the carbons were compared with Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Dubinin-Astakhov(DA) isotherm equations. Adsorption data were well correlated by the DA equation based on the potential theory. Adsorption energy distributions were obtained from the parameters of the DA equation derived from the condensation approach method. For the adsorption of methyl iodide and elemental iodine-carbon system, the DA equation can be well expressed by the degree of heterogeneity of the micropore system because the surface is nonuniform when its potential energy is unequal. The adsorption energy distribution wes investigated to find a surface heterogeneity on the carbon. The surface heterogeneity for iodine-carbon system is highly affected by the adsorbate-adsorbent interaction as well as the pore structure. The surface heterogeneity increases as a content of TEDA impregnated increases. The adsorption nature of methyl iodide on carbon turned out to be more heterogeneous than that of elemental iodine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 2012

A novel ${\beta}$-proteobacterium, designated BXN5-$27^T$, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Baekdu Mountain in China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The strain was Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming, and rod shaped. Strain BXN5-$27^T$ exhibited ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity that was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to compound Rd. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain belonged to the family Comamonadaceae; it was most closely related to Ramlibacter henchirensis $TMB834^T$ and Ramlibacter tataouinensis$TTB310^T$ (96.4% and 96.3% similarity, respectively). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.1%. The major menaquinone was Q-8. The major fatty acids were $C_{16:0}$, summed feature 4 (comprising $C_{16:1}$ ${\omega}7c$ and/or iso-$C_{15:0}$ 2OH), and $C_{17:0}$ cyclo. Genomic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain BXN5-$27^T$ to the genus Ramlibacter. However, physiological and biochemical tests differentiated it phenotypically from the other established species of Ramlibacter. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Ramlibacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain being BXN5-$27^T$ (=DSM $23480^T$ = LMG $24525^T$ = KCTC $22276^T$).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Since Augmented Reality (AR) enables users to experience computer-generated content embedded in real environments, AR agents can be visualized among physical objects in the environments where the users exist, and directly interact with them in real-time. We model perceptual attention for autonomous agents in AR environments where virtual and physical objects coexist. Since such AR agents must adaptively perceive and attend to surrounded objects relevant to their goals, our model allows the agents to determine currently visible objects from the description of what virtual and physical objects are configured in the camera's viewing area. A degree of attention is assigned to each perceived object based on its relevance to achieve agents' goals. The agents can focus on a reduced set of perceived objects with respect to the estimated degree of attention. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we implemented an animated character that was overlaid over a miniature version of campus and that attended to buildings relevant to their goals. Experiments showed that our model could reduce the character's perceptual loads even when surroundings change.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

Multi-layered video coding that provides scalability across the visual content has emerged for easily adaptive service over current heterogeneous network. However, the network is still error prone environment so that video service may suffer packet loss or erroneous decoding of the video. Especially distortion caused by the burst error may propagate to several pictures until intra refreshing, which will raise a terrific degradation of picture quality. To overcome the problem at terminal independently, we propose a new error concealment algorithm for the multi-layered video coding. The proposed method uses the similarity of between layers in the multi-layered video coding and POCS (Projections Onto Convex Sets) which is a powerful error concealment tool, but heavily dependent on initial values. To find adequate initial value which can reduce iteration times as well as achieve high performance, we took consideration into both features of layered approach coding and the correlation in neighbor blocks. The simulation results show that the proposed concealment method works well.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.503-512
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop educational materials for preventing type B viral hepatitis infection. Prior to this study, a survey had been conducted to define the educational needs of persons with hepatitis B antigen. Method: Based on the results of the former study and a review of the literature, the content of the educational materials was confined to the transmission cycle and its prevention in type B hepatitis. A professional team that consisted of writers and producers videotaped the lectures provided by professors and instructors in a nursing school. A professional graphic designer produced the leaflet to enhance the visual effects. Results: The contents of the educational materials for type B hepatitis were composed of six parts: (1) the prevalence rate (or morbidity) of type B hepatitis antigen positive and its recent trend, (2) transformation of hepatitis. (3) transmission cycle of hepatitis infection, (4) persons who are susceptible to hepatitis and need a vaccination, (5) preventive approach hepatitis vaccination and the guideline for patients' daily lives for preventing infection and (6) questions and answers. The materials were delivered in the form of lectures, visual charts, graphics, and multi-media. Conclusion: The educational materials developed in this study may provide practical information and knowledge on strategies to prevent type B hepatitis. The educational materials may be utilized in primary health care centers or school health services.