• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.93-109
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the modern men's fashion coordination to see the image in the center of TV dramas in terms of Habitu that is formed within hierarchy and class. The subjects range is included fashion style, color, accessories, hairstyle and appearance. 950 pictures used in the analysis sheet. In research methods, content analysis and basic statistics were used. The results of this study were as follows. First, the hierarchy image formed by Habitus is significant difference. The upper layer is coordinating elite luxurious and prestigious image of the fashion styles. The middle layer is coordinating neat and capable image. The lower layer does not care about the appearance and image appearing weary life is coordinating. Second, the class image formed by Habitus, CEO often interests in fashion image coordination. Senior executive is represented clean and luxurious image. General white color dresses in a suite such as office look. Blue color does not care about the fashion coordination and is expressed an easy dress for labor. Architects of the unstructured free-spirited image is represented. Physician and resident physician dress in shirts, no pattern tie, pants, robe. And they is coordinating neat and tidy attire to represent professional and reliable image.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.43-55
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• 2006

Recently, increases of leisure activities and 5-day workweek system enforce government employ rural tourism policy and projects. Operating projects are Green Rural Experience Village, Rural Tradition Theme Village, etc. In this study under investigation of Green Rural Experience Village site, Green-Tourism performance indicators were developed. Green-Tourism performance indicators of rural village were developed by BSC(balanced scorecard) and AHP(Analytic hierarchy process). Four perspective of BSC are divided into financial perspective, customer, internal-business process, and teaming and growth perspectives. To develop green-tourism performance indicators of rural village, low perspectives of BSC are converted into investment effect, visitor, internal process, and village inhabitants perspectives. By these perspectives, green-tourism performance indicators of rural village were developed. Weighting values on importance were calculated by AHP. Performance indicators developed in this study applied in 12 villages. With the result, generally well-known villages gained high score, and in accord with survey content.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-64
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• 1998

Cooperative query answering is a research effort to develop a fault-tolerant and intelligent database system using the semantic knowledge base constructed from the underlying database. Such knowledge base has two aspects of usage. One is supporting the cooperative query answering process for providing both an exact answer and neighborhood information relevant to a query. The other is supporting ongoing maintenance of the knowledge base for accommodating the changes in the knowledge content and database usage purpose. Existing studies have mostly focused on the cooperative query answering process but paid little attention to the dynamic knowledge base maintenance. This paper proposes a multi-level knowledge representation framework called Knowledge Abstraction Hierarchy(KAH) that can not only support cooperative query answering but also permit dynamic knowledge maintenance, On the basis of the KAH, a knowledge abstraction database is constructed on the relational data model and accommodates diverse knowledge maintenance needs and flexibly facilitates cooperative query answering. In terms of the knowledge maintenance, database operations are discussed for the cases where either the internal contents for a given KAH change or the structures of the KAH itself change. In terms of cooperative query answering, four types of vague queries are discussed, including approximate selection, approximate join, conceptual selection, and conceptual join. A prototype system has been implemented at KAIST and is being tested with a personnel database system to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the knowledge abstraction database in ordinary database application systems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.848-862
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the needs satisfaction of nurses and examine its validity and reliability. Methods: The initial items for the instrument were developed through a literature review and interviews, using the conceptual framework of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The initial items were evaluated for content validity by 14 experts. Four hundred and eighty-six clinical nurses participated in this study through offline and online surveys to test the reliability and validity of the instrument. The first evaluation (n = 256) was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the second evaluation (n = 230) was used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and to assess the criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the instrument. Test-retest reliability was analyzed using data from 30 nurses. Results: The final instrument consisted of 30 items with two sub-factors for five needs that were identified through the confirmatory factor analysis. The criterion-related validity was established using the five need satisfaction measures (r = .56). Cronbach's α for total items was .90, and test-retest reliability was .89. Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that this instrument has sufficient validity and reliability. This instrument can be used for the development of nursing interventions to improve the needs satisfaction of clinical nurses.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.4077-4091
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• 2017

This paper presents the design of a broadcasting scenario and system for an 8K-resolution content. Due to an 8K content is four times larger than the 4K content in terms of size, many technologies such as content acquisition, video coding, and transmission are required to deal with it. Therefore, high-quality video and audio for 8K (ultra-high definition television) service is not possible to be transmitted only using the current terrestrial broadcasting system. The proposed broadcasting system divides the 8K content into four 4K contents by area, and each area is hierarchically encoded by Scalable High-efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) into three layers: L0, L1, and L2. Every part of the 8K video content divided into areas and hierarchy is independently treated. These parts are transmitted over heterogeneous networks such as digital broadcasting and broadband networks after going through several processes of generating signal messages, encapsulation, and packetization based on MPEG media transport. We propose three methods of generating streams at the sending entity to merge the divided streams into the original content at the receiving entity. First, we design the composition information, which defines the presentation structure for displays. Second, a descriptor for content synchronization is included in the signal message. Finally, we define the rules for generating "packet_id" among the packet header fields and design the transmission scheduler to acquire the divided streams quickly. We implement the 8K broadcasting system by adapting the proposed methods and show that the 8K-resolution contents are stably received and serviced with a low delay.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 2024

Purpose: This study used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to evaluate the relative importance of the factors that school nutrition teachers and dietitians consider during menu planning for school foodservices across various educational levels. Methods: An online survey was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024. The hierarchical structure for school foodservice menu management was developed through content analysis, consisting of five high-level categories and 3-4 low-level factors. Questionnaires were distributed to 395 nutrition teachers and dietitians from kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high schools nationwide. One hundred and sixty-six responses were received, resulting in a 42.0% return rate. These responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Statistics. Results: The most commonly referenced sources for school foodservice menu planning were 'menus obtained from websites' (19.4%). The most significant challenge encountered was 'incorporating students' preferences' (18.6%). In the hierarchy of categories considered for school foodservice menu management, 'employees and facilities' ranked highest (0.2347), followed by 'preference' (0.2312), 'nutrition balance' (0.2027), 'cooking process' (0.1726), and 'food materials' (0.1588). Within each category, the top-ranked factors were 'employees' cooking skills' (0.3759), 'students' preferences' (0.4310), 'dietary reference intakes' (0.4968), 'foodservice hygiene' (0.4374), and 'food costs' (0.4213). The study also compared the relative importance of factors according to the educational levels, and the top-ranked factors were the same across all educational levels. In particular, 'students' preferences', 'dietary reference intake', and 'food costs' aligned with the top three challenges in school foodservice menu planning. Conclusion: Enhancing working conditions for school foodservice employees and developing menu planning methods that accommodate students' preferences are necessary. These findings will provide foundational data for future school foodservice menu management strategies.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2001

The 7th Science Curriculum of Korea is applied in elementary schools from 2000, and the New Science Curriculum of Japan is applied in schools from 2002. In this study, we made a comparison between the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea and the New Science Curriculum of Japan in relation to Elementary school in aspects of construction, aim, and contents. The major findings of this study are as follows. 1. The New Science Curriculum of Japan presents a specific aim, treatment of content, and process skills according to grade, but the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea does not classify them according to grade. Hence the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea emphasize on the sequence between grades. 2. In aim of Science Curriculum, the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea show more emphasis on the practical application than the New Science Curriculum of Japan. 3. In construction of content, a area of science content is handled with gradual advance in several grades and several areas of content are treated in a grade in the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea. On the contrary, a area of content is treated intensively in a grade in the New Science Curriculum of Japan. Therefore, the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea shows more reflection of connection and hierarchy between grades. 4. The statements of the 7th Science Curriculum of Korea are centering around specific matters and include specific activities, but the New Science Curriculum of Japan focuses on concepts to team and does not state specific activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.184-192
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• 2019

Focusing on the emerging influencer market of SNS (Social Network Service), This study attempts to clarify the priority of Influencer characteristics when the customer decided to purchase products through the promotion of influencers. Since the influencer marketing differs from the Online information source marketing, this study has an academic implication in that integrated the influence of the characteristics of the Online information sources and the characteristics of SNS contents. For this purpose, through the literature research on Information sources and Influencers, the characteristics of influencers were reconstructed and priorities were derived using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) technique. The upper layer of the AHP structure was set to expertise, trustworthiness, social attractiveness, and content attractiveness, and the lower layer structured the model with 13 subfactors. The results are summarized as follows. First, in the result of combining the importance of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ classes, the detailed factors of expertise and trustworthiness, ranked from the top to six, are largely influenced in purchasing decisions in influencer marketing. Second, content attractiveness is the third rank in the $1^{st}$ layer. Influencer marketing shows that content is more important than social attractiveness. Besides, the $7^{th}$ to $9^{th}$ positions of the overall rankings accounted for visual information, storytelling, and external attractiveness, which are the details of content attractiveness, and it is confirmed that it is more effective for influencer marketing to emphasize content attractiveness than social attractiveness. Although the influencer marketing differs from the existing information marketing, this study has an academic implication in that integrated the influence of the characteristics of the source and the characteristics of the contents.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.97-112
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• 2024

Purpose: This study compared the relative importance of educational content, teaching methods, and evaluation methods in the patient assessment curricula of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: First, we identified the educational content, training hours, and teaching and evaluation methods of the existing patient assessment curriculum based on the National Competency Standard learning module. Second, we surveyed 30 EMTs affiliated with 119 services using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Subsequently, we compared the differences between the current curriculum and the AHP analysis results. Results: Currently in operation, the "Advanced EMT Course" comprises three learning modules: assessment of patient status, scene size-up and triage, and assessment using monitoring devices. Among these, content related to the assessment of patient status received the most allocated time and was deemed the most important according to the AHP survey results. Conversely, while less time was allocated to scene size and triage compared with assessment using monitoring devices, the former was assessed as more important than the latter in the AHP results. Furthermore, scenario-based team training and procedure-focused individual practice were evaluated as relatively important teaching methods, while practical examination using a checklist was deemed the most appropriate evaluation method for all learning content. Conclusion: To improve the patient assessment curriculum, we propose adjusting teaching hours and introducing new teaching and evaluation methods based on the results of relative importance. The proposed improvement plan will contribute to enhancing the competency of 119 EMTs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.38-48
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• 2020

The domestic AI speaker market is growing into a full-fledged early audience market beyond the innovative consumer market with 3 million domestic supply units at the end of 2018, but the reality is that for various reasons, we are not satisfied with the use. There are many previous papers on AI Speaker, but the majority of research so far tends to be biased towards the acceptance of the device's own performance. Many changes are being made, such as OTT providers trying to secure the market through collaboration with AI speaker providers. This study tried to identify the priorities for content services, which can be another major selection factor for AI speakers, excluding the factors of unsatisfactory technology. First, this study identified the priorities among AI speaker selection factors using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), based on the AI speaker selection factors derived through literature research. The most important hierarchical factor are Concierge Service, Education Service, and Entertainment Service order in AI speaker selection, and the primary content among the individual factors was the one that ranked weather/temperature/fine dust (11.6%) and child caring content was in the second place (10.8%), and then music service was in the third place (9.8%). The three top priorities were derived from the items in the top tier 1, 2 and 3 priorities. Of the total 15 individual services, 6 sub-layers of Concierge Service (weather/temperature/fine dust, news, voice schedule notification) and Education Service (foreign language, toddler, reading books) were in the top 8, and two of the Entertainment Service Music service and movie service ranked third and sixth.