• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 1987

The primary purpose of this study was to assess understanding of concrete and formal operational science content by concrete and formal operational students in secondary school physical science classes. To carry out this study subjects were selected from junior high schools of over 2500 students, and they were identified as concrete, transitional, or formal operational using GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Thinking) developed by Roadrangka, Yeany and Padilla(1983). Instructional objectives were extracted from the science content taught during the second term of the academic year in the 7th, 8th and 9th grade, and they were classified as concrete or formal operational. Written test involving those objectives were constructed and administered. The results of this study suggested that formal operational thought brought deeper understanding to concrete science content as well as formal science content. Differential effects by sex on understanding of both concrete and formal science content were contradictory through the grade levels. Results of multiple comparison tests suggested that students categorized as formal operational demonstrated no better understanding of concrete science content than those categorized as transitional. However, they demonstrated better understanding of formal science content.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.583-590
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we present a new approach for speaker diarization. First, we use the prosodic information calculated on the original speech to resynthesize the new speech data utilizing the spectrum modeling technique. The resynthesized data is modeled with sinusoids based on pitch, vibration amplitude, and phase bias. Then, we use the resynthesized speech data to extract cepstral features and integrate them with the cepstral features from original speech for speaker diarization. At last, we show how the two streams of cepstral features can be combined to improve the robustness of speaker diarization. Experiments carried out on the standardized datasets (the US National Institute of Standards and Technology Rich Transcription 04-S multiple distant microphone conditions) show a significant improvement in diarization error rate compared to the system based on only the feature stream from original speech.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.149-171
• /
• 2007

This study is aimed at development of pedagogical content knowledge on fraction in the elementary school mathematics. Elementary students regard fraction as the difficult topic in school mathematics. Furthermore, fraction is the fundamentally important concept in studying mathematics. So it is important to develop the pedagogical content knowledge on fraction. The reason of attention to the pedagogical content knowledge is that improving the quality of teaching is the central focus of a high quality mathematics education. Shulman suggested that various knowledges are required for teacher to improve their classes. Of course, pedagogical content knowledge is the most valuable in teaching mathematics. Pedagogical content knowledge is related to the promotion of students' understanding about the learning. Pedagogical content knowledges are categorized by five factors in this study. These are understanding about curriculum, understanding about students and students' knowledge, understanding about teachers and teachers' knowledge, understanding about the methods, contents, and management of class, and understanding about methods of assessments. I develop the pedagogical content knowledge on fraction according to the these categories. I concentrate on the two types of pedagogical content knowledges in developing. That is, I present knowledges which teachers have to know for teaching fraction effectively and materials which teachers can use during the teaching fraction. Pedagogical content knowledges guarantee teachers as the professionalists. Teachers should not teach only content knowledges but teach various knowledges including the meta-knowledges which have relation to fraction.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2017

In this study, we showed understanding and production ability of the interface about internet, operating system, contents, and devices. This study aimed to make a list of 18 items in 4 areas for basic knowledge of UI/UX, establishment of design research, design concept, and design production for 22 sophomore, junior and senior students in IT departments, and the results of understanding were divided into three groups of excellent, normal, and insufficient, and evaluated. It was found that excellent was 18.39%, average was 38.52% and insufficient was 43.07%. Therefore, 18.39% of the students understood UI/UX, and 81.61% of students did not understand UI/UX well. In particular, in the comparison analysis of four areas, the design research area was 44 points, the design content area was 29 points, and the design production area was 11 points which was found to be the lowest. Next, the 10 evaluation items in the mobile UI/UX build guide evaluation were evaluated in the same way as the UI/UX understanding, and the excellent score was 3 points, the average score was 73.3 points, and the poor score was 155 points. The UI/UX build guides showed worse evaluation than UI/UX understanding. Therefore, to cultivate UI/UX understanding and content production ability, UI/UX experts should be fostered with professional course organization and systematic curriculum.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 2023

The representative branch of ICT education is Arduino. However, there are various problems when teaching using Arduino. Arduino requires a complex understanding of hardware and software, and this can be perceived as a difficult course, especially for beginners who are not familiar with programming or electronics. Additionally, the process of connecting the pins of the Arduino board and components must be accurate, and even small mistakes can lead to project failure, which can reduce the learner's concentration and interest in learning Arduino. Existing Arduino learning content consists of text and images in 2D format, which has limitations in increasing student understanding and immersion. Therefore, in this paper analyzes the necessary conditions for sprouting 'growing kidney beans' in the first semester of the fourth grade of elementary school, and builds an automated experimental environment using Arduino. Augmented reality of the pin connection process was designed and produced to solve the difficulties when building an automation system using Arduino. After 3D modeling Arduino and components using 3D Max, animation was set, and augmented reality (AR) content was produced using Unity to provide learners with more intuitive and immersive learning content when learning Arduino. Augmented reality (AR)-based Arduino learning content production is expected to increase educational effects by improving the understanding and immersion of classes in ICT education using Arduino and inducing fun and interest in physical computing coding education.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.39-62
• /
• 2017

This study is to examine grammar understanding with beginner English speakers according to presentational methods of grammatical content. 18 English-speaking Korean beginners were randomly assigned and divided into two groups. We first examined if there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in grammar comprehension with and without illustrations. It was found that the group given the presentation illustrations showed greater understanding than the group without them. Second, no statistically significant difference in grammar understanding was found between the groups with and without materials marked for their awareness. Third, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups with the order of presenting content elements related to grammatical items. This study is to affirm the importance of illustrations as a component of Korean textbooks.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2020

This study proposes the development of 'Mandala 37', a puzzle game based content that learns the principles of 37 Honored Ones within the Diamond World Mandala. The proposed game is a new type of learning content that combines the development process of 37 Honored Ones with the characteristics of the puzzle game. It aims to increase the understanding of Buddhist content by inducing learners' interest and increasing their concentration. Learners can learn and understand the principles of the emergence of 37 Honored Ones naturally through the rules of the game. This study introduces the implementation process of the proposed game and explains how learners perceive the principle of 37 Honored Ones within the Diamond World Mandala through the game.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.526-537
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different types of texts, which were narrative and expository, on the understanding of content. Elementary students' perceptions of the two types of the texts were also investigated. In the comparison of the effects on the understanding of the text contents, test scores of mind-mapping, closed-answer question, and essay test were used. The analyses of mind-mapping tests showed narrative text was more effective to figure out main concepts of the text throughout the mind-mapping test. But expository text was more effective in the hierarchical organization of the concepts. In the closed-answer questions and essay test, narrative text was more effective than expository text. However when the contents of text were difficult and complex, there was no meaningful difference between the two types of texts. The analyses of students' perceptions of the texts showed that narrative texts were preferred. Students perceived that the narrative text was more interesting and familiar. However, the perceptions of helpful text for their science learning were not different by the types of texts.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.53-78
• /
• 2014

As instances of private information leak increase, taking steps to protect such information becomes a necessity. In this study of public library patrons, we strove for a comprehensive understanding of library usage records to suggest viable solutions for private information safety in public libraries. To this end, we investigated the patrons' understanding of library usage records and determined the relationship between different user characteristics and privacy knowledge or leaks. The results show that a high number of patrons perceived these records as their own private information, but that there was no necessity for legal procedures or consent for the use of these records. Also, even though the understanding of these usage records showed that there was a relationship between the frequency of library visits and leaks of personal information, the correlation was not particularly strong.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The present study confirms the content validity and understanding level of the questions of the Korean version of caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA). Methods: To develop the Korean version of CAMBRA for children aged 0-5 years, a series of steps were followed: first, translation and reverse-translation processes were conducted by an expert committee. To establish content validity, CAMBRA was modified to adapt to the conditions in Korea by 17 dental hygiene professionals with a master's or a higher degree. The responses were analyzed using analysis of frequency and descriptive statistics. Content validity was verified by calculating the content validity index (CVI). The survey was administered to 64 mothers and caregivers to assess the understanding level of questions of the Korean version of CAMBRA. Results: Content validity of each of the items showed an S-CVI/AVE value of 0.79, but the content validities varied from 0.63 to 1.0. The understanding level of each question was between 3.56 and 4.46, thus showing favorable results. Conclusion: It was concluded that the test items verified for content validity were suitable for assessing caries risk for children of ages 0-5 years. This study would contribute to improving children's oral health and disease prevention by providing timely intervention.