• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

In this study, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in agricultural soils across a region of South Korea (Buyeo County) were investigated. Their pollution sources were assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology was used to determine the distribution of these elements. Surface soil samples were collected from 114 locations across the agricultural fields in the study site. Cu and Zn were derived from natural sources (i.e., parent rocks of the soil), whereas As, Cd, and Pb were found to be originated from abandoned mines. The results of this study clearly show that the transport of anthropogenic As, Cd, and Pb is governed mostly by the specific environment of the paddy soil. Our approach was effective in clearly identifying the sources of metals and analyzing their contamination characteristics. We believe this study will provide useful information to future studies on soil pollution by anthropogenic sources.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.491-501
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• 2022

This study evaluated the contamination levels of inland pollution sources flowing into Taeanhaean National Park. The nutritional status of influents was assessed by analyzing water quality and trophic status index (TRIX) at 52 stations, and the contamination levels of sediments were evaluated by analyzing eutrophication cleanup index (CIET) and heavy metals at 36 stations. The results of the TRIX analysis showed that 26 of the 52 stations had influents with a TRIX value of 6-10 (poor water quality/very high trophic level), indicating atrocious water quality and high eutrophication levels. The results of the CIET analysis showed that 4 out of the 36 stations were highly contaminated with organic matter. Analysis of heavy metals showed that the copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels exceeded the threshold effects level (TEL) and probable effects levels (PEL) at several stations. In addition, the arsenic (As) level exceeded the threshold effects level at one station, and the levels of the other heavy metals (Cd, Cr⁶⁺, Ni, Pb, and Hg) were lower. Most inland pollution sources have been identified as small-scale, but long-term and continuous exposure can negatively affect the marine ecosystem; therefore, it necessary to prepare inland pollution source management standards and measures suitable for the characteristics of the coastal area.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

We investigated soil contamination depending on the land use by examining the contamination levels and distribution characteristics of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the national soil. Total PAHs (the sum of 16 PAH concentrations) and carcinogenic PAHs (the sum of seven carcinogenic PAH concentrations) were $8.50{\sim}3,437.16{\mu}g/kg$ and $2.94{\sim}2,136.96{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. The concentration of benzo(a)pyrene, one of the contaminants regulated by the soil quality standard in the nation, was $ND{\sim}924.73{\mu}g/kg$. Its maximum value of $924.73{\mu}g/kg$ was detected in railroad (Region 3) and is approximately 13% of the standard value for Region 3 (i.e., 7 mg/kg). We also investigated the characteristics of contamination sources of PAHs in soil of the upland, forests, roads, and railroads, examining the fraction distribution of PAHs concentration by the number of benzene rings against the total PAHs concentration. The results demonstrate that the mean fraction of 4~6-ring PAHs against total PAHs concentration in soil was in the range of 51.8~80.7% with relative abundance of high-molecular PAHs, showing that the origin of contamination is under the category of combustion sources. When the molecular indices (Flu/(Flu/Pyr), Ant/(Ant+Phe), InP/(InP+BP), and BaA/(BaA+Chr)) were applied, they were also categorized as petroleum-based combustion sources. The individual PAH concentrations in soil by the land use were grouped into Regions 1, 2, and 3, which are statistically treated and are the parts of the national category system of soil quality standard. As a result, the concentration level of 16 PAHs was $0.02{\sim}2.63{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 1, $0.05{\sim}4.26{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 2, and $2.36{\sim}178.27{\mu}g/kg$ in Region 3. The concentration level of 6 carcinogenic PAHs was 14.2~320.4% against that of benzo(a)pyrene in Region 3 and sites of recycling waste sleepers. Considering that there were similarities among PAHs in terms of structures and toxicities, it would be recommended to review other types of carcinogenic PAHs together with benzo(a)pyrene when developing the soil quality standards in the nation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.907-915
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• 2018

With the increase of metal usage in various industries, metal pollution and ecological toxicity in the environmental system have become a significant concern. A geo-statistical index has been widely used to determine contamination level with normalization through a background value. In this study, geo-statistical indexes such as an enrichment factor, accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index were used to assess metal pollution in soil at locations associated with shipbuilding manufacturing industries. Metal contamination, especially of Cu and Pb, was observed in some samples located closer to manufacturing sites. Enrichment factor and accumulation (IGEO) values were indicative of concerning levels of soil contamination in specific samples, and the soil contamination could be induced by anthropogenic sources. In further study, after more detailed sampling for soil and potential pollution sources, high interpretation techniques such as Pb isotope analysis and X-ray analysis will be needed to investigate source identification.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.23-29
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• 2014

We have studied on ozonate water cleaning mechanisms to apply in manufacturing process of 156 mm silicon wafer which is used in the solar cell fabrication. We have analyzed contamination sources on wafer surface which causes poor quality and performance of products in fabrication process, and examined cleaning process using ozonate water to eliminate it. Contamination sources consist of remaining material like organic matter in slurry and detergent and particles in sawing wire. Using this novel technology it is possible for the solar cell wafer to clean with low cost, high performance, and eco-friendly.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.683-690
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• 2009

The water quality of reservoir can be controled by water quality prediction model because it can not only grasping the present water state but also predicting the water quality in future. In this study, WASP model is used to predict the water quality of Chungju reguration reservoir. This model has some special option which predicts the pollutant outflow phenomenon caused by the contamination sources. So this model is widely used because that can present the scientific basis in this field. This model can help the managers make the right choice of water quality policy. Environmental grade of Chungju reguration reservoir is in III,IV grade which is in bad condition comparatively. The water contamination will be in poor as the year passes. When considering T-N, T-P which are the nutrient to control eutrophication, the concentrated administration about contamination sources is in urgent.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.45-57
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• 1996

Flow characteristics and contamination behavior in a three-dimensional room with the desk-type obstacle have been investigated numerically by the k-${\varepsilon}$ two equation turbulence model. The room model has one supply opening on the ceiling and two exhaust openings on the side walls. Thirty six sets of calculation have been performed for twelve contamination sources of $1{\times}10^{-4}kg_c/(m^3{\cdot}s)$ strength at different inlet velocities(0.1, 1, 10m/s). This study can conclude that the source points of contaminant are located near the obstacle edge of Z-axis, at which the maximum contaminant diffusion fields are occured.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2002

Major hazards existed in slaughterhouse are pathogenic microorganisms originated from intestinal microflora of slaughtered animals. This study was intended for the identification of microbial contamination sources during pork slaughtering in small plants. Total aerobic bacteria, Coliform group, Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli were isolated from the surface sample of pork carcasses. Contamination level among different sampling points of ham, belly and neck did not showed statistical differences. Therefore, the mixed sampling from belly and neck of carcass could be effective for microbiological monitoring. Isolation rates of pathogenic microorganisms showed Salmonella spp 20.9%, Listeria monocytogenes 10.5%, and Campylobacter jejuni/coli 8.1% from 296 sampling points. High prevalence rate of Salmonella spp indicated that the contamination of intestinal microflora occurred due to unsanitary processing control, which required HACCP system in small plants. It was recommended that the prerequisite program should be a key factor for a successful HACCP system implementation especially in small size slaughterhouse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2012

This study aims to find a way to control infection of community radiology effectively by calculating the degree of contamination, culture and identifying the flora in radiology of five general hospitals in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans were identified as surface flora. These are know to be pathogens of hospital acquired infection and there was no radiology-specific flora. Research subject hospitals were conducting similar infection control education but degree of contamination of each hospital showed significant difference. Difference in degree of contamination according to contact sources were analyzed by Contact sources were classified into technologist-using, patients-using and common-using materials. Analysis of each hospital's degree of contamination showed that patient-using materials were significantly more contaminated than technologist-using and common-using materials (p<0.001). Devices which are similar to each other in monthly average frequency of use showed no significant difference in degree of contamination, but general X-ray devices and chest boards which are used most frequently showed higher degree of contamination than others. In addition, hospital A, B and C which have heavier monthly average caseload showed relatively high degree of contamination on irradiation devices which are used by technologists only or by technologists and patients commonly, office desks and doorpulls. Hence it is considered that intensity of infection control education should be different according to the degree of monthly average caseload. This study provided an opportunity to aware that technologists' feeling of contamination is crucial for infection control of radiology, and the Accupoint ATP public hygiene monitoring system which was used in this study for measuring the degree of contamination was proved to be an effective measuring device for hospital acquired infection management.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1757-1763
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• 2011

In recent years, accordance to industrial development project on railway investment, adverse environmental issues of the investment, such as disputed cases about recycling and usage of Ballast Cleaner excavated soil, have been continuously increasing. It will not only enhance the regulation of soil contamination but take considerable time and cost in future. In this study, we investigated soil contamination and burnability with soil of Chungang Line, Taebaek Line, Chungbuk Line, in order to seize a possibility of recycling Ballast Cleaner excavated soil for the natural materials and substantial heat sources, which are necessary resources for cement manufacturing process. As a result of this study, It is found that Ballast Cleaner excavated soil is satisfied with a standard. The excavated soil contains a lot of cement ingredients and fossil fuel dust incurred from freight transportation, so it is expected to use for ingredients of cement and replacement of heat sources.