• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

China is expected to experience rapid increase in container traffic due to the joining to WTO and the fast economic growth. However, logistics-related infrastructure such as sea port is very poor and the capacity is lagging far behind the demand, resulting in transferring around 70% of import and export cargo volume at ports in adjoining countries such as Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan. Recently, China announced a huge project of developing an offshore port consisting of 52 berths, 30km away from Shanghai with a connecting bridge. As such plan seems to have a significant impact on the port of Pusan which tries to be a Hub port in Far East Asia, we need to scrutinize the plan. This paper, therefore, tries to examine Shanghai New Port Plan, to evaluate the feasibility and potential competitiveness, and to analyze the impact on Pusan port. For this, we review the situation of major container ports in China and the flow pattern of container traffic to and from Pusan port. We then examine the feasibility of the proposed offshore port with respect to demand and supply for container terminal, weather condition, hinterland connection and resource of investment.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.187-205
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• 2011

In considering the size of container logistic flow of Korea, one-port as a hub port is desirable in Busan Port, but as development of Busan Port and Gwangyang Port began as two-ports, they are good as mega hub ports. In case when ports of other regions such as Incheon Port are additionally developed, it is very likely that they become feeder ports rather than mega hub ports. As capital area uses Incheon Port and Pyeongtaek Port for transportation, fierce competition arises due to excessive facilities of terminal companies and it is not easy to be profitable. Therefore, it is more profitable to develop regional hub ports centering on near-sea routes of Korea China Japan rather than local ports such as Incheon Port and Pyeongtaek Port for intensive trade and transportation in the capital area. To mitigate excessive competition between container terminal companies, we need administrative guidance to maintain adequacy through comparing tariffs between ports of Japan and China which are in competitive relations with Korean ports. This study analysed efficiency of container terminal companies in Gwangyang Port, Busan Port and Incheon Port using data for five years from 2006 to 2010. As analytical variables, length of quay, floor area of yard, the number of cranes and employees were analytical variables and a total freight volume was a productive factor.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

Maritime transport has been occupying the biggest part of the container transportation market. With regard to container terminal management, the planning technology and the space allocation system on the yard are very significant factors to secure the stability of ship and to ensure the reliability of schedules of ship throughout keeping barycenter of vessel by right loading and fast handling of cargoes. The purposes of this paper are to illustrate the existing yard management systems such as Grouping method and Random Grounding method, and then to evaluate and compare the efficiency of yard availability between the existing management system(Grouping method) and Random Grouping which uses the forecasted inbound cargo volume at the gate by Time Base Operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.325-332
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• 2005

As ship builder companies have a tendency to pursuit the effect of scale economy, recently the ultra-large sized container ship is discussed very actively among them. It is expected that these situation will be continued for the time being. The need of accommodation re-arrangement is carefully proposed according to the tendency of ultra-large sized ship. In this paper, accommodation re-arrangement of ultra-large container ship is examined in the view of economy. We proposed separation of engine room and accommodation part through review and supplementaition of drawing generation in intial design stage. Also we investigated its merits and demerits to find out whether it can be realized or not in the view of economical efficiency. The RFR(Required Freight Rate) is considered as the objective function to evaluate the re-designed vessel. The economical benefits for increasing the number of TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Units)'s and the re-arranged space are analyzed in the view of ship owner and shipyards respectively.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.657-665
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• 2011

This study deals with an integrated problem for deciding sequencing and storage location of export containers together at its receiving operation in the container terminal with a perpendicular layout. The preferred storage location of an export container varies with the priority of the corresponding loading operation and the waiting time of an external truck depends on its storage time. This paper proposes the mixed integer programming model considering the expected arrival time and expected finish time of an external truck and the preferred storage location for its loading operation. And we suggest the heuristic algorithm based on a simulated annealing algorithm for real world adaption. We compare the heuristic algorithm with the optimum model in terms of the computation times and total cost and the performance of the heuristic algorithm is analyzed through a numerical experiment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3 s.116
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• pp.161-167
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find the optimal conditions of PCM slurry manufacturing equipment for saving the marketing cost and keeping the original quality of products. In addition, the characteristics of the movable container for shipping or distributing products is analysed. The major results are as follows. 1. PCM thermal storage system is designed with the conditions of temperature($-5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$), cold chain time(30 minutes), and one time usage(50 liter). This system includes tank, freezer, circulating pump, cycle type heat exchanger, swelling tank, equipment of supplying PCM supplying unit includes cold tank, cycle type heat exchanger, suction unit and control equipments, etc. 2. After ability test of PCM thermal storage system, it shows that the required freezing time of PCM thermal storage system is less than one of the previous system. The reason is that churn (top and bottom) and compulsion circulation are occurred simultaneously and unit cooler type method is better than chiller type method. 3. By the experiment of transportation latent heat container, it is decided that the best container is $K_1$ with latent heat temperature($0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$) and density(0.15%). However, for $K_l\;and\;K_2$, it is necessary more studies on latent heat thermal conditions and conditions of making method.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 2012

As the size of container ships continues to increase, not many existing harbors can host the super-container ship due to its increased draft and the corresponding dredging requires huge budget. In addition, the minimization of waiting and loading/offloading time is the most important factor in harbor competitiveness. In this regard, mobile-harbor concept has been developed in Korea to achieve much improved harbor capacity and efficiency. In developing the concept, one of the most important elements is the operability of crane between two or more floating bodies in side-by-side arrangement. The container ship is to be stationed through a hawser connection to an outside-harbor fixed-pile station with the depth allowing its large draft. The mobile harbors with smart cranes are berthed to the sides of its hull for loading/offloading containers and transportation. For successful operation, the relative motions between the two or more floating bodies with hawser/fender connections have to be within allowable range. Therefore, the reliable prediction of the relative motions of the multiple floating bodies with realistic mooring system is essential to find the best hull particulars, hawser/mooring/fender arrangement, and crane/docking-station design. Time-domain multi-hull-mooring coupled dynamic analysis program is used to assess the hydrodynamic interactions among the multiple floating bodies and the global performance of the system. Both collinear and non-collinear wind-wave-current environments are applied to the system. It is found that the non-collinear case can equally be functional in dynamics view compared to the collinear case but undesirable phenomena associated with vessel responses and hawser tensions can also happen at certain conditions, so more care needs to be taken.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.665-671
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• 2012

A remarshalling is studied as an important operational strategy in an automated container terminal to enhance the productivity of container handling. This means the rearrangements of the containers scattered at a vertical yard block. The dispatching problem for remarshalling is selecting the remarshalling operation considering the available operation time and deciding the operation sequencing to maximize the effectiveness of remarshalling. This study develops the optimal mathematical model for yard crane dispatching problem with mixed integer program and explains dispatching problem using an example. However it is difficult to apply this model to a field problem because of its computational time. Therefore, we compare the representative 5 dispatching rules for real world adaption. In a numerical experiment, maximum weight ratio(MR) rule shows an overall outstanding performance.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2013

Free Trade Agreement(FTA) aims at abolishing tariffs on trade among nations or regions resulting in having a significant impact on maritime transportation and port. Korea made the first FTA with Chile in 2004 and the trade volume between two countries has seen significant increase. The literature on such impact, however, seems to be very limited. The main purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyze the impact of Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement on the imported container throughput from Chile at the Busan Port. For this both cross-sectional and time series data are collected that comprise container throughput, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), import tariff, and maritime freight rate, from 2000 to 2011, and the gravity model is applied. The main result of the study shows that the dependent variables, GDP and import tariff are statistically significant, but the maritime freight rate is not consistent with regarding to statistical significance and parameter sign.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.321-338
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• 2009

This study looks at the reasons behind the termination of container transportation between Busan and Incheon in terms of costs structure, the division of profit, and the economic limitation faced in the domestic shipping market. The operation costs have been examined in relation to the components of logistic system of container shipping and the cost function has been estimated. The distribution proportion of operation revenue has been also investigated, considering the different components of logistics activities. In addition, the average revenue of container vessels of 144TEU and 215TEU has been calculated. Economic limitation can be analysed through the optimisation behaviour of shipping companies which tries to maximize profit or minimize loss. In conclusion, domestic short sea shipping can get the economy of scale only by transporting vessels' maximum capacity. It is also vulnerable to trucking market's fluctuation. Without the subsidy for operation, the liner in domestic short sea shipping will stop the service in order to minimize the loss.