• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2009

The awareness of the high-value industry for container terminal leads competitiveness of container terminals to keep high fiercely. In regards to competitive factors of container terminal, the most important point among several factors is seemed to be the speed of container loading and unloading on quayside. In container terminals in Korea, the productivity shows big difference even though its condition is similar to each terminal. The objective of this paper is to find the critical factors of container terminal productivity, which is dependant upon the capability, quantity of quay crane, transfer vehicle, and so on. For this purpose, we have researched related literatures, and collected data about container terminals in South Korea. Furthermore, we tested sensitive analysis to evaluate the extent of productivity by changing independent variable. And then we established the regression model to evaluate which factor has had the biggest impact on productivity. The results of this paper can give terminal operators guideline to improve productivity.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2022

Spain is Europe's second-largest country with total throughput reaching 16.7 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) by 2020. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the efficiency of 17 container terminals. As a study method, the DEA-CCR model, undesirable variable, and Malmquist Index (MI) were used for data envelopment analysis (DEA). The study results are as follow: (1) DEA-CCR is used to evaluate basic efficiency. The most efficient terminals are decision-making units DMU 1 (APM Terminals (Algeciras Port)), DMU 2 (Total Terminal International Algeciras (Algeciras Port)) and DMU 5 (Barcelona Europe South Terminal (Barcelona Port)). (2) Undesirable DEA was conducted to suggest inefficiency from the undesirable output. Overall, the efficiency scores were reduced. However, DMU 1, DMU 2, and DMU 5 maintained efficiency scores regardless of the finish factor. (3) Malmquist Index was used to observe technology and efficiency changes dynamically. The changes in TCI affected Spanish container terminals more than the Technical Efficiency Change Index (TECI) in 2018-2019. However, in 2019-2020, the TECI was 2.706, higher than the TCI value, indicating that the change in TECI had more influence on the increase in productivity. This study offers a broader understanding of Spanish container terminals.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.165-166
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• 2015

Sea-ports in Northern Vietnam have experienced a rapid growth of container throughput volume in recent years. To accompany with such development, huge investments also have been performed to enhance local ports capacity. It becomes a crucial task for the port authorities or the port stevedoring industry to improve the ports efficiency in order to customize national resources. In this paper, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed to evaluate the relative efficiency of container terminals in Northern Vietnam by collecting data from terminals since 2005 up to now. The development progress of the given terminals will be presented before providing a relative comparison among those year by year. The DEA result is then analyzed and suggestions with regard to changes in local economic environment in near future are contributed.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2023

스마트 항만 및 항만 자동화에 수직 배치형 컨테이너 터미널을 적용하여 운영하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 본 연구는 수평 배치형과 수직 배치형 컨테이너 터미널에서의 본선작업 시간을 분석함으로써 각 터미널간 생산성을 비교하고, 향후 수직 배치형 컨테이너 터미널의 운영 효율성 증대 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 각각을 대표하는 터미널을 선정하여, 2018년부터 2022년까지 최근 5년 선석배정현황 데이터를 수집하였으며, 모수적 생존분석 기법인 가속실패시간모형(Accelerated Failure Time, AFT)을 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. C/C 작업 조건이 '동일하다'는 가정 하에서, 수직 배치형 컨테이너 터미널에서의 본선 작업 생산성이 보다 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 코로나19 기간에는 생산성이 감소한 결과를 나타냈다. 작업량이 많은 선박의 경우와 유럽 선사의 선박의 경우, 본선작업 시간이 감소하는 걸 알 수 있다. 적정 C/C의 투입 및 효율적 운영, 장비들 간 원활한 운영, shifting 작업은 증가, C/C를 포함한 하역 장비들의 준비시간 감소 및 고장/사고 최소화 등 수직 형태 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성을 높이기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2015

본 논문은 효율적인 컨테이너 터미널의 영향력을 평가하기 위해 광양항과 부산항 컨테이너 터미널을 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 연구방법은 DEA분석(CCR, BCC모형) 후 DMU를 노드로 하고, DEA(BCC모형)의 참조집단과 람다값을 이용하여 사회 네트워크를 생성하고 아이겐벡터 중심성 분석에 의해 효율적인 DMU들의 영향력을 분석하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, DEA분석 결과 CCR효율성은 부산항의 PNC, HJNC, HPNT 컨테이너 터미널이 효율성 1이고, BCC효율성은 부산항의 신감만부두, 우암부두, PNC, HJNC, HPNT, BNCT 컨테이너 터미널이 효율성 1이다. 둘째, SNA분석 결과 아이겐벡터 중심성 분석에 의하면 HJNC터미널이 0.515로 가장 많이 참조되고 있는 컨테이너 터미널로 영향력이 가장 높은 것으로 볼 수 있다. PNC터미널이 0.512, 우암부두가 0.379, 순이고 광양항의 CJ대한통운 전체 영향력에서는 4위이나, 광양항 컨테이너 터미널 중에서는 0.256으로 가장 영향력있는 컨테이너 터미널이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

As the competition among the ports is extreme, the purpose of this study which intendsto keep sustainable competitive advantage in Busan Container Terminals through the quality management of port service is shown as the followings. First, the common factor of quality management activities In the part of domestic container port is to be analysed. secondly, the efforts for enhancing the standard of quality management is to be confirmed lastly the relationship of cause-effect among the source of quality management, quality management activities and quality management is to be clarified. An empirical study was carried out to examine how Busan Container Terminals view quality management activities by the provision of statistical evidence showing the efforts to enhance the standard of quality management, common factors of quality management activities and causal relationship among these factors. The data investigating the quality management for Busan Container Terminals were collected from 170 persons in charge of quality management for port services in Busan Container Terminals the use of questionnaire method and personal interviews. The Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient and factor analysis were used to analyze the reliability and the propriety of measured variables. Furthermore SEM method using AMOS 4.0 was used to analyze the cause-effect relationship among the source. activities and accomplishments of quality management representing the core concept of quality management system. The importance of this study is placed in the description of the theoretical and general system on the quality management when the domestic container terminals have activated to promote the quality management, and in suggesting the actual problem and settlement method which are directly helpful to the field, and It can be indicated as having its meaning on future research obect.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2022

Purpose - Recent issues such as vessel enlargement, strengthening of environmental regulations, and port smartization are expected to increase costs and intensify competition in the port industry. In the new normal era, when external growth has reached its limit, the efficient operation of ports is becoming indispensable for achieving sustainable growth. This study aims to identify the determinants of inefficiency by examining the cost structure and efficiency of container terminals in Korea and furthermore propose the political implications to derive the maximization of efficiency. Design/methodology - This study estimates the cost function of container terminal operators and identifies the efficiency of container terminals using stochastic cost frontier (SCF) in the first stage. In the second step, the SCF results are compared with the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Last, this paper proposes efficiency determinants on container terminal operation to establish appropriate strategies. Out of the 29 container terminal operators in South Korea, 13 operators participated in the survey. The translog cost function was estimated utilizing a total of 116 observations collected over the 2007-2017 period. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that economies of scale exist in Korea's container ports, which provides a rationale for the government's policy to establish the global terminal operator by integrating small terminal operators to enhance competitiveness. In addition, as a result of the determinants analysis, container throughput, weight of direct employment costs, and labour cost share have positive effects on improving cost efficiency, while inefficiency increases as the length of quay increases. More specifically, cost efficiency improves as the proportion of direct employment costs to outsourcing service costs increases. Originality/value - This study contributes to analyzing the inefficiency factors of container terminals through efficiency analysis with respect to a cost function. In addition, this study proposes the practical and political implications, such as establishing a long-term manpower pool, the application of the hybrid liner terminal system, and the construction of a statistical data system, to improve the cost inefficiency of terminal operators.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2009

컨테이너 터미널의 경쟁력을 높이기 위해서는 터미널 생산성 향상이 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 생산성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인은 다양하다. 그 중 야드이송장비의 경우, 특정 선석크레인(QC, Quay Crane)에 야드트랙터(YT, Yard Tractor)가 고정 할당되는 방식에서 타수 QC들의 작업을 처리하는 풀링 방식으로 전환하여 YT의 생산성을 올리고 있다. 현재 국내 터미널에서도 YT 풀링을 도입하고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 아직 적절한 풀링 범위 및 효과적인 YT 할당 계획에 대한 노력은 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 YT 풀링 운영을 더 효율적으로 할 수 있도록 YT 풀링이 담당할 작업범위 결정에 미치는 요인의 도출과 상황에 따른 YT의 작업할당 모형에 대해서 제시하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2010

As the competition among the container terminals in Korea has become increasingly fierce, every terminal is striving to increase its investments constantly and lower its operational costs in order to maintain the competitive edge and provide satisfactory services to terminal users. The unreasoning behavior, however, has induced that substantial waste and inefficiency exists in container terminal production. Therefore, it is of great importance for the terminal to know whether it has fully used its existing infrastructures and that output has been maximized given the input. From this perspective, data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides a more appropriate benchmark. This study applies three models of DEA to acquire a variety of analytical results about the operational efficiency to the Korean container terminals. According to efficiency value analysis, this study first finds the reason of inefficiency. It is followed by identification of the potential areas of improvement for inefficient terminals by applying slack variable method and giving the projection results. Finally, return to scale approach is used to assess whether each terminal is in a state of increasing, decreasing, or constant return to scale. The results of this study can provide terminal managers with insight into resource allocation and optimization of the operating performance.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.974-978
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• 2002

For the efficient operation of container terminals, it is essential to develop optimal operation rules for marshaling yard and yard cranes. However, derision rules for conventional container terminals expose various limitations to be applied to automated container terminals. This paper introduces a development of a simulation model for evaluating various operation rules for automated transfer cranes (ATCs) and yard operation in the marshaling yard.