• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2022

The food cold chain refers to a technology and distribution supply chain applied to maintain a constant temperature suitable for the product from production (harvest) to delivery to consumers. In particular, in Korea, the insulation material used in the food cold chain is mostly EPS (Expanded Polystyrene), which is used as a transport container for various food cold chains. However, according to the government's eco-friendly policy, companies charge environmental contributions to the use of EPS, but due to its low price and convenience of handling, it is still used as a container for delivering food. In this study, in order to measure the domestic delivery environment of general refrigerated foods, changes in impact, temperature, and humidity during transport of the EPS packaging system containing foods and ice pack refrigerants were measured. As a result, there were 2?3 sections in which a high impact force of 40 G or more was generated during transport. This can cause damage to the product and EPS container. The difference in temperature and humidity changes by parcel transport routes is more than 30%, so it is necessary to present accurate standards for the domestic cold chain distribution environment. As a result of microbial experiments. the transportation period had a dominant effect on the increase in total viable count and E. coli count.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.465-472
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• 2015

SEEMP (Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan) guidelines for a ship's GHG reduction include a machinery modification of hull, an installation of energy efficiency enhanced attachment in hardware methods. It is also possible to bring a ship energy efficiency improvement by fuel-efficient operations or in other software methods. Hardware modification or installation on ship can bring financial burdens to a ship company compared to its improvement expectation. On the other hand, Software based energy-saving technology can be applicable on various ship types, and it is also expected high efficiency of ship energy use compared to hardware based technology in perspective of the investment costs and efficiency. In this paper, it is described that the ship handling simulator based evaluation was carried out using representative ship model of bulk, container and VLCC. Simulation environments were separated into 6 conditions according to the sea-state and weather condition, and the operation results were compared with those before and after energy saving system applied The container ship showed the largest FOC save rate after energy saving system applied although the others also showed energy save rate after using the system.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.375-393
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• 2023

The demand for Less than Container Load (LCL) has been on the rise due to the growing need for various small-scale production items and the expansion of the e-commerce market. Consequently, more companies in the International Freight Forwarder are now handling LCL. Given the variety in cargo sizes and the diverse interests of stakeholders, there's a growing need for a container loading algorithm that optimizes space efficiency. However, due to the nature of the current situation in which a cargo loading plan is established in advance and delivered to the Container Freight Station (CFS), there is a limitation that variables that can be identified at industrial sites cannot be reflected in the loading plan. Therefore, this study proposes a container loading methodology that makes it easy to modify the loading plan at industrial sites. By allowing the characteristics of cargo and the status of the container to be considered, the requirements of the industrial site were reflected, and the three-dimensional space was manipulated into a two-dimensional planar layer to establish a loading plan to reduce time complexity. Through the methodology presented in this study, it is possible to increase the consistency of the quality of the container loading methodology and contribute to the automation of the loading plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.321-324
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• 2006

LMTT(Linear Motor based Transfer Technology) is a new type of transfer system used in the maritime container terminal for the port automation, and largely consists of a controller, shuttle car, and rail. The shuttle car is divided into the frame part, the driving part, and wheels. In order to design this system, various researches on each part of it must be conducted. In this study, we dealt with the optimum design for the mover of the shuttle car designed from previous studies on the strength of the frame with respect to the number of cross beams to minimize the weight of the shuttle car and to satisfy design criteria of cargo-handling systems in container terminal. For the optimization of the mover, thicknesses of each beam were adopted as design variables, the weight of the frame as objective function, and stress and deflection per unit length as constraint condition.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1998

The CY can be said to function in various respect as a buffer zone between the maritime and overland inflow-outflow of container. The amount of storage area needed requires a very critical appraisal at pre-operational stage. A container terminal should be designed to handle and store containers in the most efficient and economic way possible. In order to achieve this aim it is necessary to figure out or forecast numbers and types of containers to be handled, CY area required, and internal handling systems to be adopted. This paper aims to calculate the CY area required for each container handling system in Mokpo New Port. The CY area required are directly dependent on the equipment being used and the storage demand. And also the CY area required depends on the dwell time. Furthermore, containers need to be segregated by destination, weight, class, FCL(full container load), LCL(less than container load), direction of travel, and sometimes by type and often by shipping line or service. Thus the full use of a storage area is not always possible as major unbalances and fluctuations in these flow occuring all the time. The calculating CY area must therefore be taken into account in terms of these operational factors. For solving such problem, all these factors have been applied to estimation of CY area in Mokpo New Port. The CY area required in Mokpo New Port was summarized in the conclusion section.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

Web services are key applications in business­to-business, business-to-customer, and enterprise applications integration solutions. As the mobile internet becomes one of the main methods for information delivery, mobile Web Services are regarded as a critical aspect of e-business architecture. In this paper, we proposed a mobile Web Services middleware that converts conventional internet services into mobile Web services. We implemented a WSDL (Web Service Description Language) builder that converts HTML/XML into WSDL and a SAOP (Simple Object Access Protocol) message processor that performs SOAP message handling, chain and handling of server requests. The former minimizes the overhead cost of rebuilding mobile Web Services and enables seamless services between wired and wireless internet services. The latter enhances SOAP processing performance by eliminating the Servlet container (Tomcat), a required component of typical Web services implementation. Our main contributions are to overcome the latency problem of current Web Services and to provide an easy mobile Web service implementation. Our system can completely support standard Web Services protocol, minimizing communication overhead, message processing time, and server overload. Finally we compare our empirical results with those of typical Web Services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.429-432
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• 2005

LMTT(Linear Motor based Transfer Technology) is a new type of transfer system used in the maritime container terminal for the port automation, and largely consists of a controller, shuttle car, and rail. The shuttle car is divided into the frame part, the driving part, and wheels. In order to design this system, various researched on each part of it must be conducted. In this study, we dealt with the optimum design for the frame part of the shuttle car designed from previous studies on the strength of the frame with respect to the number of cross beams to minimize the weight of the shuttle car and to satisfy design criteria of cargo-handling systems in container terminal. For the optimization of the frame, thicknesses of each beam were adopted as design variables, the weight of the frame as objective function, and stress and deflection per unit length as constraint conditions.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.165-185
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• 2011

Transshipment traffic has significant meanings because it gives positive effects on increasing the container handling volumes in seaports, and revitalizes the regional and national development. Korean container port's transshipment traffic volumes, however, will slowly decrease due to the direct ships' calling into Chinese ports, which recently has a huge development plan. There are a lot of stress on forecasting the transshipment traffic volumes because the Korean container port development plans are designed based on this container traffic which consists of import and export traffic, and transshipment traffic. The transshipment traffic volumes are assumed to occupy 40% of total container traffic volumes. Despite of the importance of forecasting the transshipment traffic, a little studies are suggested using the concepts of the port competitiveness. In this respect, this study aims to estimate the Port Competitiveness Index and Transshipment traffic Volumes using the System Dynamics methodology. As a result, transshipment traffic volumes are predicted as: 20 million TEUs in Korea under the 4% annual increasing rates, 90 million TEUs in China under the 6% annual increasing rates, and 2.5 million TEUs in Japan under the 1% annual increasing rates respectively. The suggested results can be used to enhance the container port competitiveness and produce more transshipment traffic volumes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3202-3203
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• 1999

In this paper we show an integrated system of crane maneuvering, crane productivity, terminal operating system, and material handling system, so that the terminal users can have a unified database which enables them to improve the productivity, convenience for users and offer a wide variety of choices resulting in sharing information between terminal operating companies and efficient management of national key harbor industries.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety of environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization of pallets has been resulted in a reduction of the shock hazards. This has caused an increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused dam age. Damage to the product by the vibration most often occurs when a product or a product component has a natural frequency that falls within the range of the forcing frequencies of the particular mode of transportation being used. Transportation vibration is also a major cause of fruit and vegetable quality loss due to mechanical damage. This study was conducted to determine the vibration characteristics of the corrugated fiberboard bones for packages of pears, and to investigate the degree of vibration injury of the pears in the boxes during the simulated transportation environment. The vibration tests were performed on an electrohydraulic vibration exciter. The input acceleration to exciter was fixed at 0.25 G for a single container resonance test and 0.5 G for the vertical stacked container over the frequency range from 3 to 100 Hz. Function generator (HP-33120A) was connected by wire to the vibration exciter for controlling the input acceleration at a continuous logarithmic sweep rate of 1.0 octave per min. The peak frequency and acceleration on the single box test were 22.02 Hz, 1.5425 G respectively, and these values on the vertical stacked boxes were observed from the bottom box 19.02, 18.14, 16.62 and 15.40 Hz and 2.2987, 3.7654. 5.6087, and 7.9582 G, respectively. The pear in the bottom box had a slightly higher damage level than the fruit packed in the other stacked boxes. It is desirable that the package and transportation system has to be so designed that 15∼20 Hz frequency will not occur during the transportation environment.