• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2004

Feasibility of 3Y-TZP for dental implant abutment was evaluated under the Hertzian cyclic fatigue by examining the extent of the indentation damage and strength degradation. Fatigue test was conducted at contact loads of 500 to 3000 N and up to $10^6$ cycles in exact in vitro environments. At 500 N, no strength degradation and crack generation was observed up to $5\times10^5$ contact cycles. As load rose, the dramatic reduction in strength was observed when the damage transition from ring to radial crack occurred. The. extent of strength degradation was more pronounced in vitro environment probably due to chemical corrosion of artificial saliva through cracks introduced during large numbers of contacts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2007

Fretting is a kind of surface damage mechanism observed in mechanically jointed components and structures. The initial crack under fretting damage occurs at lower stress amplitude and lower cycles of cyclic loading than that under plain fatigue condition. This can be observed in automobile and railway vehicle, fossil and nuclear power plant, aircraft etc. In the present study, railway axle material RSA1 used for evaluation of fretting fatigue life. Plain and fretting fatigue tests were carried out using rotary bending fatigue tester with proving ring and bridge type contact pad. Through these experiments, it is found that the fretting fatigue limit decreased about 37% compared to the plain fatigue limit. In fretting fatigue, the wear debris is observed on the contact surface, and oblique cracks at an earlier stage are initiated in contact area. These results can be used as useful data in a structural integrity evaluation of railway axle.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2003

In this study, failure mechanisms of Au stud bumps/ACF flip chip joints were investigated underhigh current stressing condition. For the determination of allowable currents, I-V tests were performed on flip chip joints, and applied currents were measured as high as almost 4.2Amps $(4.42\times10^4\;Amp/cm^2)$. Degradation of flip chip joints was observed by in-situ monitoring of Au stud bumps-Al pads contact resistance. All failures, defined at infinite resistance, occurred at upward electron flow (from PCB pads to chip pads) applied bumps (UEB). However, failure did not occur at downward electron flow applied bumps (DEB). Only several $m\Omega$ contact resistance increased because of Au-Al intermetallic compound (IMC) growth. This polarity effect of Au stud bumps was different from that of solder bumps, and the mechanism was investigated by the calculation of chemical and electrical atomic flux. According to SEM and EDS results, major IMC phase was $Au_5Al_2$, and crack propagated along the interface between Au stud bump and IMC resulting in electrical failures at UEB. Therefore. failure mechanisms at Au stud bump/ACF flip chip Joint undo high current density condition are: 1) crack propagation, accompanied with Au-Al IMC growth. reduces contact area resulting in contact resistance increase; and 2) the polarity effect, depending on the direction of electrons. induces and accelerates the interfacial failure at UEBs.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.256-260
• /
• 2009

Fretting is a kind of wear which effects on reliability and durability. When machine parts are joined joint in parts such as a bolt or a rivet or a pin, fretting phenomenon is occurred by micro relative movement. When fretting occurs in joint parts, there is wear which is the cause of fatigue crack. Recently, although the ways of assessment of fatigue and damage tolerance are established, there is no way to evaluate fatigue crack initiation life by fretting phenomenon. Consequently, the prediction of life and prevention plan caused by fretting are needed to improve reliability. The objective of this paper is to predict fretting wear by using a experimental method and contact analysis considering wear process. For prediction of fretting wear volume, systematic and controlled experiments with a disc-plate contact under gross slip fretting conditions were carried out. A modified Archard equation is used to calculate wear depths from the contact pressure and stroke using wear coefficients obtained from the disc-plate fretting tests.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.295-313
• /
• 2016

In this study, the three-dimensional finite element method is used to determine the stress intensity factor in Mode I and Mixed mode of a centered crack in an aluminum specimen repaired by a composite patch using contour integral. Various mesh densities were used to achieve convergence of the results. The effect of adhesive joint thickness, patch thickness, patch-specimen interface and layer sequence on the SIF was highlighted. The results obtained show that the patch-specimen contact surface is the best indicator of the deceleration of crack propagation, and hence of SIF reduction. Thus, the reduction in rigidity of the patch especially at adhesive layer-patch interface, allows the lowering of shear and normal stresses in the adhesive joint. The choice of the orientation of the adhesive layer-patch contact is important in the evolution of the shear and peel stresses. The patch will be more beneficial and effective while using the cross-layer on the contact surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.535-536
• /
• 2007

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.31 no.11
• /
• pp.1083-1092
• /
• 2007

The objective of the present paper is to evaluate the effect of the evolution of contact surface profile caused by fretting wear on fatigue life of press-fitted shaft by means of an analytical method based on experimental data. A finite element analysis was performed to analyze the stress states of press-fitted shaft, considering the worn contact profiles of shaft. The fatigue lives of the press-fitted shaft reflecting the evolution of contact stress induced by fretting wear were evaluated by stress-life approach using fatigue notch factor. It is found that the stress concentration of contact edge in press-fitted shaft decreases rapidly at the initial stage of total fatigue life, and its location shifts from the contact edge to the inside with increasing number of fatigue cycles. Thus the change of crack nucleation position in press-fitted shaft is mainly caused by the stress change of contact edge due to the evolution of contact surface profile by fretting wear. Furthermore, the estimated fatigue lives by stress-life approach at the end of running-in period of the fretting wear process corresponded well to the experimental results. It is thus suggested that the effect of fretting wear on fatigue life in press fits is strongly related to the evolution of surface profile at the initial stage of total fatigue life.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.561-566
• /
• 2001

A long bar impact test to alumina plates(AD 85 and AD 90) was carried out by using fabricated impact testing apparatus. The apparatus adopting a long bar of 2.1m in length made it possible to measure directly the applied impact force to the specimen during bar impact. The dimension of specimens was $33{\times}33mm$ and thickness was 3.4mm. Confinement of D2=18mm outer diameter and D1=10.5mm inner diameter was used to provide contact pressure to the specimen. Contact pressure of p=100 or 200MPa was applied to specimen before impact test. Damage caused in those cases were compared with the case of without contact pressure. The damage of specimen was different depending upon the pressure level of confinement. The existence of confinement had suppressed the development of radial cracks from the bottom of specimen and reduced the extent of damage as compared with cases without contact pressure(p=0MPa). Because the application of contact pressure to the specimen increased the apparent flexural stiffness of specimen during bar impact, it had produced the change of developed damage in the specimen; from the radial cracks to the local contact stress dominant damage. It would contribute to the improvement of the ballistic property in ceramic plates.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2002

A linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis of double subsurface cracks propagation in a half-space subjected to moving thermomechanical surface traction was performed using the finite element method. The effect of frictional heat at the sliding surface on the crack growth behavior is analyzed in terms of the thermal load and peclet number. The crack propagation direction is predicted in light of the magnitudes of the maximum shear and tensile stress intensity factor ranges. When moving thermomechanical surface traction exists, subsurface horizontal cracks are propagation in-plane crack growth rate at the beginning but they are propagation out-of-plane crack growth rate by the frictional heat which is occurrence by the repeated sliding contact.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.1072-1080
• /
• 2000

Leakage magnetic flux (LMF) is widely used for non-contact detection of cracks. The combination of optics and LMF offers advantages such as real time inspection, elimination of electrical noise, high spatial resolution, etc. This paper describes a new nondestructive evaluation method based on an original magneto-optical inspection system, which uses a magneto-optical sensor, LMF, and an improved magnetization method. The improved magnetization method has the following characteristics: high observation sensitivity, independence of the crack orientation, and precise transcription of the geometry of a complex crack. The use of vertical magnetization enables the visualization of the length and width of a crack. The inspection system provides the images of the crack, and shows a possibility for the computation of its depth.