• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.169-196
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• 2006

As social work practice for the disabled is still centered in provider's perspective in Korea, this study started with concerns for consumerism that is emerging as an alternative for the social work practice for the disabled. Consumerism is rooted in organization process of the disability rights movement, and considered as an ideology that protects actively the rights and influence of consumers. However, consumerism is not operating as an accomplished ideology yet, but as a type of the practical discourse. Consumerism is interpreted in multiaxial meanings and the conscituents of consumerism is used ambiguously in practice. This is because theoretical reviews on the conceptual thinking of consumerism are scant and empirical inquiries into conceptual cognition of social workers who uses this concept as a professional are scarce. After analyzing the data using Q methodology, the result shows that social workers' major cognitive types on consumerism perspective consists of four types; Empowerment type, Market-mechanism type, Multi-opening type and Traditional-value type. These types are classified by the dimension of 'specific/extended', 'traditional/reformative' and 'instrumental/autotelic'. This result will attribute to develop consumer-intimate policy, practice program and professional training program and to give facilities for lucid communication among policy, practice field, theory and movement in social welfare for disabled as it materializes the explicit conception of consumerism that is understood ambiguously in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2020

In this paper, we conducted a dynamic ex-post assessment on the grape business cessation support System. Based on the analysis results, in the short term, there was an increase in grape price due to a decrease in production and accompanying increases in the prices of consumption substitution items. However, in the long run, grape prices fell again due to an increase in grape production because of the entry of new grape farmers and the growth of adult grape trees. In addition, the analysis showed that the balloon effect caused by the conversion of crops caused indirect damage such as an increase in the production volume of substitution crops and a decrease in prices. When analyzing the social welfare measurement, the results showed that the support system for business cessation increased the overall social welfare due to an increase in producer welfare because of a price increase in the short term, but in the long term, both producer and consumer welfare decreased. In the end, it is necessary to review the system because the government's intervention may cause market distortion and inefficient resource allocation. Above all, it is necessary to minimize the indirect effect of the industry's contraction and balloon effect due to excessive business cessation. For this, conditional support should be provided in parallel with post management rather than unconditional support. In addition, it is necessary to provide a strategic support system that considers substitution items in addition to those items to be supported.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of standards harmonization between technologically asymmetric countries, and to determine optimal harmonization strategies for a country with mid-level technological advancement. Design/methodology - Following Salop's circular city model (Salop, 1979), this study constructs a simple, horizontally-differentiated oligopoly model in which three firms and three countries exist. Each country adopts different compatibility standards and each firm incurs conversion costs for foreign market access due to differences in standards. The conversion costs are related to technology; standards harmonization removes these costs between participating countries. The paper considers three cases: i) no harmonization; ii) harmonization with the more technologically-advanced country and iii) harmonization with the less technologically-advanced country. Findings - The paper first considers a scenario in which all three firms occupy some share of the market in each country. It shows that standards harmonization with both the technologically moreor less-advanced country always increases consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, the producer surplus will increase if the harmonization partner has a higher technology level, whereas it may decrease if the partner has a lower technology level. It also shows that if most domestic export goods are in sectors with conversion costs above a certain level, harmonizing standards with a technologically more-advanced country should be prioritized. Such strategies, moreover, should be emphasized when there exists a large technology gap among countries. Lastly, the paper considers another scenario, in which harmonization leads to the foreclosure of the non-member firm from the member countries' markets. It shows that harmonization improves the social welfare of a mid-level technology country regardless of its partner's technology. It also shows that the country should prioritize harmonization with the technologically less-advanced country. Originality/value - Though some of the existing studies consider the welfare effects of harmonization, their main assumption is that firms have the same conversion technology. Since complying with standards often requires substantial technological advancement and technical expertise, harmonization of compatibility standards between countries with gaps in technological ability carries different implications. This paper investigates the welfare effects of this harmonization and determines an optimal harmonization strategy while considering technological asymmetry among countries in standards compliance.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 1993

The consumer surplus under the open economy is greater than that under the closed economy from the viewpoint of social welfare. This indication has been proved when only the product market is considered. This article is to show how this result is changed if the R&D market as well as the product market is considered. We find the possibility that the closed economy is preferred to the open economy in case of the (international) R&D joint venture.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07c
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• pp.1202-1204
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• 1999

This paper proposes a value-based pricing suitable for deregulation situation in electricity market, where the value is measured based on the service quality such as system reliability. The proposed approach makes it possible to maximize social welfare, in that diversified service can produce the optimal combination set of demand and supply. The proposed pricing can also be applied to a direct load control.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.237-264
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of social integration of the person with physical disabilities based on independent living paradigm according to life span and to find factors affecting social integration and therefore to make policy implications for a better rehabilitation system. The data was obtained through telephone interviews with physically disabled residing in the city of Seoul and the suburb area of the city. The final sample consists of 591 respondents. The data was analyzed through frequency, oneway anova, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. In this study, social integration based on independent living paradigm was divided into separate but related dimensions: autonomy of activity daily living, accessibility, economic level, degree of social support satisfaction, consumer control, psychological empowerment. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the levels of six dimensions of social integration based on independent living paradigm were very different and especially the level of dimensions such as degree of social support satisfaction and consumer control were lower than other dimensions of social integration. Second, each level of social integration by life span was very different. Finally, the factors affecting social integration were socio-psychological traits such as social support, rehabilitation services, self esteem and acceptance of disability as well as the attribution to disability. The current findings suggest that improving nay only ADL or accessibility but also consumer control or social support should be considered by professional and policy makers. And differentiated intervention and policy according to life span necessary to policy makers and field practitioners.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.93-127
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• 2012

We estimate how much KEPCO can save their loss and how much social welfare can be increased by applying the real-time pricing instead of current regulated retail price in the electricity market in order to analyze the problem of the regulated retail price which is fixed below the marginal cost. We estimate the demand functions of peak time and off-peak time in summer (June to August) and winter (December to February). We construct the supply function based on hourly step-wise linear marginal cost functions, too. We find that the increase of social welfare will be 67 billion won in summer if the fixed retail price is changed into the real-time pricing scheme. The total 705 billion won will be transferred from consumer surplus to producer surplus and the rest (67 billion won) will be saved from the reduction of deadweight loss among KEPCO's loss. In winter, the increase of social surplus will be 225 billion won and 1,174 billion won of KEPCO's loss will be transferred from consumer surplus. As a result, we conclude that the regulation of the retail price in the electricity market induces the social welfare loss and KEPCO suffers a huge loss.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

The functions of urban park including health related benefit and climate adaptation and mitigation are expanding. However, in-depth research and discourse on the equitable distribution of expanded park function has been limited so far. Following research suggests Green Welfare concept to reflect distributive equity and multifunctionality in the process of urban park policy development and execution. This study developed park welfare indices to analyze disparities of neighborhood urban park(NUP) distribution viewed from green welfare by literature review. The findings analyzed through the Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, green welfare is defined as "to receive equitable benefits and participate in the delivery process of green services which are promoting health and securing safety from climate change risks for every citizen by life cycle regardless of socioeconomic status". Second, NUP per person in Seoul indicate meaningful differences by socioeconomic and environmental status of Seoul administrative districts. Park welfare indices correlated to NUP per person were shown population density(negative), percentage of individuals $aged{\geq}65$(positive), percentage of self-reliance of local finance(positive), flood and air pollution vulnerability by climate change(negative). Third, the cluster analysis identifies three significant clusters that indicate differences of park welfare level. Thus, it was found that NUP in Seoul from a green welfare perspective was provided disproportionately. Future urban park policy in Seoul was required equitable distribution of multifunctionality of park beyond quantitative expansion, and priority consideration should be given to park service consumer.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

Today, according to population decrease and aging of the old due to the decline of birthrate in our society in $21^{st}$ century, there is a stiff increase of the aged group. Complying with the request of epic needs, as there was a full scale amendment of law of the aged welfare in 1997, the centers appeared differently based on the regional dimension, the difference of the number of persons to be accommodated, and the social and economic characteristics. Coping with these problems occurring, along with the necessity of welfare facilities for the leisure of the aged, the government prepared and carried out a number of plans for the service of the aged and securing of facilities. This practice of the government, however, centered on the crease of service in quantity other than the quality, resulting in a situation of lacking the welfare facilities for the aged meeting the requirement of the aged in their aspect of consumer. On the contrary, building the welfare centers in Japan started in 1960 with a rapid increase of the number of centers in 1970s, and there were 2,214 welfare centers in operation in Japan in 1995, keeping a high level of service in quality and quantity. Thus, this study aims to present basic materials necessary for the criteria of space designing plans for the aged welfare centers in Korea through case analysis of the facility criterion, area constitution and space constitution by the floor that play an important role in regional welfare facilities for the aged in Japan.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.31-43
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• 2016

Objectives : It focuses on what the consumers expected Korean medicine to improve on, and analyzes patients' impressions. Methods : This research is based on the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Survey on Usage of Korean Medicine (2008, 2011, and 2014) and was new analysis for our research objective. Results : The general consensus among the consumers was uncertainty of effectiveness, expensive costs, side effects, need for expertise, lack of scientific evidence, expansion of diseases treated, and improvement of equipment. Consumers distrusted Korean medicine due to its uncertainty of its effectiveness, expensive costs, side effects, and lack of scientific evidence for its effectiveness, and avoided using Korean medicine. Conclusions : These results seem to be a combination of the Korean medicinal doctors treating patients not based on evidence but on their individual experiences, lack of health insurance for Korean medicine resulting in expensive costs, lack of research on toxicity and safety of Korean medicine, and lack of scientific and clinical studies for evidence-based research. To solve these problems, the Korean medicine community needs to standardize treatments based on evidence, and look to Chinese medicine for possible solutions.