• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

The study verified the regulatory fit effect of the message focus and propensity regulatory focus delivered in the sales promotion situation of beauty services and products on the basis of the self-regulatory focus theory being actively discussed in the consumer behavior area of marketing. As the result of ANOVA analysis on the experimental design 2 (chronic regulatory focus: promotion focus/prevention focus, between factor) ${\times}$ 2 (message regulatory focus: promotion focus/prevention focus, within factor), the promotion focus group showed more positive response to the promotion focus message(4.88) of beauty services than the prevention focus group(4.40) so that the effect of regulatory fit appeared(t=1.79, p<.1), but the regulatory fit effect didn't appear in the prevention focus message(t=.58, p>.1) so that the hypothesis was partially supported. However, as for the promotion focus message of beauty products, the promotion focus group(4.62) showed more positive response than the prevention focus group(4.16), and as for the prevention focus message, the prevention focus group(4.89) showed more positive results than the promotion focus group(4.33) so that the effect of regulatory fit appeared(t=2.07, p<.05). Therefore, the result of the study shows that as for the service consumers perceive high risk, the sales promotion activity of the prevention focus message can be effective for prevention focus consumers and for promotion focus consumers as well. Otherwise, it suggests the marketing approach that the consumer evaluation is more positive when the advertising message focus fit the consumer regulatory focus.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.11
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• pp.165-182
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• 2003

This study aimed to investigate the extent of risks perceived by consumers in terms of health and economy while using cellular phone services. In addition, it also examined the factors influencing the level of risks and their effects on the level of satisfaction after using it. Major findings were as follows. First, the level of perceived risks were higher for married consumers. Consumers with high income felt economic risks lowly. Second, perceived economic risks influenced the level of satisfaction after using cellular phone, but not perceived health risks. Third, overall, consumers who rely on objective information source, possess high credibility on their cellular phone service companies, and own high level of knowledge how to properly use those phones, were more satisfied after using it.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.618-624
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• 2004

This study is to explore how consumers' needs for tactile cues affect their purchasing behaviors in the internet shopping mall. Since previous studies about internet shopping malls are mainly performed on the primary factors of perceived risk, there are insufficient studies of tactile cues for apparel products. Emphasis of this study is placed on verifying the following hypothesis; it is expected that consumers' needs for tactile cues affect apparel purchasing behaviors in internet shopping. The questionnaire was administered to 20 to 30 year old male and female respondents who are either students or businessmen living in the Busan area. 150 questionnaires were completed and collected for data analysis. The data were, using SPSS 10. 0 for Window, statistically analyzed by frequency and factor analysis for VARIMAX, Cronbach's coefficient and Linear regression analysis. Data were, using SPSS 10. 0 for Window, statistically analyzed by frequency and factor analysis for VARIMAX, Cronbach's coefficient, and ANOVA. The results of data analysis are as follows: First, the tactile cues negatively affect purchase intentions of consumers. This shows that apparel internet shoppers who have high desire for tactical cues tend to avoid purchasing products through the internet. Second, the factor analysis of the moderating effect on perceived risks shows that the perceived risks significantly moderate both the tactile cues and purchase intention of consumers. Third, analysis of purchased experience also shows that purchased experiences significantly moderate both the tactile cues and purchase intention.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.135-152
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• 2000

This study intents to discover the variables impacting consumer's purchase intention through the electronic commerce based on concerning the Flow experience in an environment using computer as a medium and furthermore it is based on a premise that its influence on purchase intention can vary. The following are the synopsis and findings of our analysis. First, analyzing the awareness of perceived risk and level of involvement depending on the level of skill and challenge, which are conceptual structural dimensions, we found that, the higher the level of skill, the lower the awareness of perceived risk, and for challenge, the level of involvement increased. Second, since the sense of perceived risk, level of involvement and purchase intention had a negative influence and were found to have cognizable relationship with one another statistically, this has negative impact on the level of involvement depending on the level of sense of perceived risk in electronic commerce. Third, analyzing the purchase intention depending on the level of involvement, we found out it has a highly positive influence on purchase intention. Furthermore, the level of involvement and purchase intention were found to be closely related to each other.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.123-137
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• 1995

The digital information of Land is very important as the basis of geo-spatial information system. And the necessity of it is also increasing. But these days, every other institute that is needing digital map is seperately digitalizing lsnd information. So we need the stadard of accuracy evaluation and the method of hypothesis test for it. In this study, we check the standards of foreign countries and compare and analyze with our country's. After doing it, we suggest the direction for standard of digital map and statistical methods for testing accuracy evaluation about total maps that is digitized. Using hypergeometric distribution for considering consumer risk and producer risk, the statistical test can be for deciding optimal sampling map numbers by the total map and the agreement of contacting parties.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among financial debt burden, psychological factors and financial stress. Data was collected by surveying 450 individuals who were over twenty years old, and 384 were used for the analysis. As the result, first, number of sources of debt, use of each debt, marital status/double income, housing, debt amount and financial stress were found to be significantly different among three groups(debt free, non risky, risky). In addition, marital status/double income, gender, housing and income were found to significantly influence to the probability of being one of the three groups. Second, level of debt burden, age, employment and income were found to significantly influence to financial stress, while psychological factors such as risk tolerance and self-control were not. It might be noteworthy that people in debt were likely to have higher level of stress, while the older, employed, and having higher income were likely to have lower level of stress. This study would provide useful information in terms of debt policy to relieve the financial stress.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 2006

Korea's self-sufficient food ratio on a quantity basis remained a low 27.6 per cent for cereals in year 2004. Even the public auction of imported rice from the United States kicked off a couple of days ago to allow foreign rice to be sold directly to consumers on the Korea market for the first time. Therefore the safety of imported food must be a great concern of Korean consumers. All imported agricultural products are supposed to be quarantined for controlling the insect and inspected for the potent risk like residual pesticides, aflatoxin, sulfur dioxide and genetically modified. agricultural products. The 12 percent of agricultural products contained the insects detected by National Plant Quarantine was fumigated with methyl bromide or aluminum phosphide and entered the custom. The most large portion of violated agricultural products (24 cases in 2004) inspected by Korea Food and Drug Administration was dried herbal medicinal foods contaminated by sulfur dioxide which must be treated when they were dried in China. The second factor made the imported agricultural products to be criminals (19 cases in 2004) was residual pesticides. Genetically modified agricultural products like soybean and corn are under control by labelling in Korea. Genetically modified soybean and corn have been used for oil expression mostly. It is the time to set up realistic risk assessment system for our consumer with the pouring imported agricultural products.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

This article purpose are on the variables of consumer's Doe sensitivity. Our result from sets of data indicate that the web site trust, the web site interactivity and the perceived risk have an effect on price search. Our result is as follows. First, the more trust the web site, the lower the price search. Second, the more interactivity of the web site, the lower the price search. Third, the greater the depth of information at the web site, the higher the price search. forth, the higher the perceived risk, the higher the price search. Fifth, the higher the knowledge of product, the higher the price search.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-122
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• 2014

Compared with medical cases and health care law from other countries there has been a lot of progress on medical law, especially on medical precedents in Korea. However, in recent years, medical precedents tend to reflect a realistic position of health care providers, rather than normative position of the victim. The burden of proof to prove strict liability is given to patients in civil law suits by courts, patients generally has the burden of proof. The rate of claims to prove the negligence of medical malpractice is falling significantly. Even if the error is acknowledged, it is not enough to get right to be relief for patients by increasing limitations of liability or ratio of patient's own negligence. Compensation fee is included in medical fees and risk of medical malpractice actions contributes ultimately to a health care consumer. In conclusion, author represents a major the new upgrade of above mentioned problem. By advising that court should assess actively for the perspective of victim for medical negligence we will be able to exercise remedies of patients' rights and to prevent recurring medical accidents and also contribute to medical advances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.766-776
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was 1) to identify the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information in internet shopping, 2) to classify consumers based on the clothing benefits, 3) and to examine the differences among consumer groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information. The data were collected from a sample of 500 internet shopper aged from 20 to 40. This study used factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. The results showed that the reasons for delay of decision making consisted of eight factors: Performance risk, Comparison shopping, Economic shopping, Social risk, Uncertainty, Expecting of market change, Product unsatisfaction, Passive shopping. The shopping information consisted of three factors: Product variety, Product information, Additional information. Five factors of clothing benefits were Economy, Figure compensation, Social position, Individuality, and Comfort. The respondents were classified into four groups by five factors of clothing benefits; Individuality seeking group, Low-benefits seeking group, Economy seeking group, Figure compensation/comfort seeking group. There were significant differences among groups in the reasons for delay of decision making and the shopping information among groups. Therefore, marketers need to provide different shopping information for delay closure by target groups.