• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.94-109
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has dramatically changed nearly every aspect of our lives. Although Dietary lifestyle includes attitudes and behaviors to meet their most basic needs, but few studies have examined the pattern of changes in dietary lifestyle driven by COVID-19. This study explores changes in dietary attitudes and behaviors among Korean consumers after COVID-19. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online survey was conducted with 549 Korean adults aged 20 and older to identify general demographics and changes in dietary attitudes and behaviors. Data were collected from Oct 12 to Oct 18, 2020. Frequency, percentage, and mean values were calculated and a K-means cluster analysis was performed to categorize consumers based on the 5S of dietary attitudes (i.e., savor-oriented, safety-oriented, sustainability-oriented, saving-oriented, and socializing-oriented). RESULTS: Findings indicate consumers considered safety, health, and freshness to be most important when choosing groceries and prepared meal such as home meal replacement and delivery food. Among the types of services, a large proportion of consumers increased their delivery and take-out services. Regarding retail channels, the increase in the use of online retailers was remarkable compared to offline retailers. Finally, consumers were classified into four segments based on changes in dietary attitudes: "most influenced," "seeking safety and sustainability," "abstaining from savor and socializing," and "least influenced." Each type of consumer exhibited statistically significant differences by sex, age, household composition, presence of disease, and perceived risk of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study provides initial insights for future research by identifying various aspects of dietary attitudes and behaviors among Korean consumers after COVID-19.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.745-754
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• 2010

This study is to find return factors when modern consumers purchase goods from an internet shopping mall and then to analyze the characteristics of complaints act and information search behavior. Subjects of research are 245 men and women, who have experience with more than one return in internet fashion shopping mall, in their twenties. The data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Cronbach's analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test as a post identification, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are that male and female consumers in their 20s are mainly aware of the return factors: impulse buying, product status, deliver service, service after purchase, hype and comfortableness. And complains behavior often conduct public action, private action, nonaction. Information search behaviors for risk reduction when they purchase are product comparison, oral information search, neutral marketing information search, and service information search. The return factor from the internet fashion shopping had the greatest impact on public action and deliver services factor was a big complaint. In addition, impulse buying & Hype affect private action and non-action is influenced by impulse purchase. The consumer types by the return factors in internet fashion shopping mall are classified into the return group by deliver service, the return group by complex factors, and the return group by product status. Furthermore, there are significant differences in complaining behavior among these groups. In the information search behavior for reduction of risk factors, the return group by complex factors did more active information search behavior than the other groups. The return group by deliver service searched oral information and the return group by product status explored the neutral marketing information.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2008

Maximum level of hazardous chemicals in foods can be settled after overall investigation of toxicological database, the representative exposure assessment, risk level on the present exposure level, the need of maximum level establishment, making of maximum level scenario proposed under consumer protection and verification of contamination reduction method and review of application efficiency on maximum level for risk management. The maximum level should be needed when the risk value of specific chemical caused by food ingestion was high and chronic human exposure was predicted continuously unless the maximum level exists. The key role of the risk assessment is to improve the efficiency of the risk management to reduce the present risk level and make the risk management policy scientifically by setting the representative result of the risk assessment.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

Recent trends of mobile convergence has already brought about many changes in our digitally-powered society. Especially, taking advantage of strengths of existing mobile devices and smart phones have already been established as a primary standard in the business intelligence world. Such high-powered digital devices equipped with mobile convergence functions are getting more momentum as app stores are prevailing. Basically, the app stores are administered by smart phone manufacturers, creating a new business ecosystem among app developers and end-users. However, there are paucity of studies tackling an issue about how users' repurchase intention of the apps is influenced by the service qualities of the app stores. In this respect, this study aims to investigate the effect of app store service quality on users' satisfaction and repurchase intention. As the value of loyal customers is incomparably high in app commerce, winning customers' loyalty is vital to the success of app stores. In this study, a customer is defined as one who has purchased goods or services at least once from the app stores. The proposed research model includes a number of constructs such as app perceptions, customer service, perceived ease of use, design, promotion, perceived consumer risk and connectivity. Empirical results revealed that perceived consumer risk has a negative relationship with consumer's perceived repurchase intention. All the other variables-app perceptions, customer service, perceived ease of use, design, promotion, connectivity- are found to be positively related with the repurchase intentions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

Purpose: We provide a condition-based maintenance policy where a surrogate variable is used for monitoring system performance. We constructed a risk function by taking into account the risk and losses accompanied with erroneous decisions. Methods: Assuming a unique degradation process for the performance variable and its specific relationship with the surrogate variable, the maintenance policy is determined. A risk function is developed on the basis of producer's and consumer's risks accompanied with each decision. With a strategic safety factor considered, the optimal threshold value for the surrogate variable is determined based on the risk function. Results: The condition-based maintenance is analyzed from the point of risk. With an assumed safety consideration, the optimal threshold value of the surrogate variable is provided for taking a maintenance action. The optimal solution cannot be obtained in a closed form. An illustrative numerical example and solution is provided with a source code of R program. Conclusion: The study can be applied to situation where a sensor signal is issued if the system performance begins to degrade gradually and reaches eventually its functional failure. The study can be extended to the case where two or more performance variables are connected to a same surrogate variable. Also estimation of the distribution parameters and risk coefficients should be further studied.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.4 s.114
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• pp.395-406
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• 2007

The development of e-commerce made a great effect on all the aspect of marketing mix. Especially, marketing stimuli of Halfplaza.com, excessive price discounts and auction by order of arrival, spread out gradually in internet shopping mall industry. The study showed that excessive price discounts combined with auction by order of arrival increased consumer's perceived value, but decreased perceived risk. In conclusion, legal protections must be established since consumers tend to be vulnerable to various marketing mix of deceptive e-commerce players.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.99-109
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• 2004

The purpose of the research is to discuss the product safety procedures for the food area. The producer and supplies of the products should be able to satisfy the needs of the increasing consumer safety. The products, for the purpose of developing and making safe products, must perform Hazard Finding and Risk Analysis to detect potential danger to mike sure the final safety measures are in place. The purpose of Product liability rests finally with the consumer safety and the manufacturer's capability compete in the marketplace. Especially this is important for the food industry. But, our domestic middle and small food industries, it is relatively weak in this are. Thus this research would like to present a easily usable product safety procedures.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.85-96
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• 2005

The purpose of the research is to discuss the product safety procedures for the food industry The producer and supplier of the products should satisfy the increasing consumer safety needs. To develop and produce safe products, the food industry must rigorously perform potential hazard findings and very thorough risk analysis to detect even the very minute potential danger. The ultimate product liability rests with the consumer safety and the manufacturer's capability which competes in the market places. This is especially important in the food industry. However, small to medium sized food producing companies are facing challenges in this area due to their overall capabilities. Therefore this research presents safety procedures which are relatively simple to implement.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.93-106
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• 2014

All of smart phone users not always make a good use of mobile shopping. The main cause is that in case of non-user of mobile shopping, potential apprehension to psychological and security weakness affects building up resistance on mobile shopping. In this paper, we designed models of innovation resistance heavily based on literature reviews and previous studies, and tried to find how perceived risk affects consumer's purchase intention in mobile shopping process. In conclusion, it shows that security, one of psychological factors, affects perceived risk in all aspects, while negative influence of society and cognitive dissonance just affect social risk and delivery risk, and uncertainty also just affects performance risk. Besides, it shows that all of variables made up perceived risk affects resistance of purchase. Especially social risk turns out to be a most influential factor to purchase behavior through smart phone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1555-1564
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• 2010

This study investigated consumer's recognition of food labeling in order to contribute to the development of food labels which are more informative to consumers. The questionnaires had been collected from 120 male and female customers living in Seoul with the age between 10's and 60's from November 2nd to November 7th 2009. For checking the food label at the time of purchase, 58.3% of the consumers checked the food label and the main reason for checking the food label was to confirm sell-by date (60.1%). Sixty percent of the consumers were satisfied with the current food labeling. Among those who are not satisfied, 30.6% complained about difficult terms to understand and 25.8% were dissatisfied with insufficient information. In every age group, most people were not satisfied with labeling on food ingredient and additives, followed by date of manufacture and sell-by date. 53.1% of consumers demanded to label date of manufacture and sell-by date together. For more clear information, consumers wanted use-by date (47.5%) rather than sell-by date (23.3%). 56.7% of consumers was dissatisfied with warning information such as allergic warning and the reasons for dissatisfaction were poor visibility (37.5%) and insufficient information (33.4%). Moreover most consumers (90.0%) showed little knowledge on irradiation. To improve of the food labeling standards into consumer-oriented standards, both amendment of the food labeling standards and consumer education will be necessary.