• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2023

This study examines the process of project promotion in Busan, which introduced the private participation-type consultative body for the first time in the country in the promotion stage of the private-initiated park development project, and introduced flexible application of the system and differentiated policy elements in the implementation process, and examines the operational characteristics and we tried to analyze performance, etc. As a result of the analysis, first, the preferred bidder was selected by introducing a mixed method in the project method, which is an independent project method that cannot be seen in other local governments. Second, by specifying guidelines considering the characteristics of each park and detailed guidelines such as the location, area, and maximum height of non-park facilities, criteria for establishing a rational development plan utilizing regional identity and the basis of evaluation standards were laid. Third, in the project process, transparency was secured through the delegation-type roundtable, in which the private sector performs the functions and roles of key actors, thereby preventing disputes such as suspicion of preferential treatment. Fourth, in order to improve the quality of park facilities to be donated and to secure design adequacy, after approval of the implementation plan, a general planner was introduced and construction project management (design stage) services were performed to promote efficient implementation and specialization of luxury parks in the region. As a result, the city of Busan carried out the project efficiently by conserving 5 parks from sunset, a park area of 2.25km², and reducing land compensation and park construction costs by KRW 740 billion. Reinforcement of the public nature of the private-initiated park development project was suggested. However, due to the application of these systems and verification procedures, the project period is prolonged, and park services are delayed along with the financial burden on private operators.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.226-240
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• 2022

Local governments over a certain size in Republic of Korea may conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) considering regional characteristics if it is necessary, in accordance with Article 42 of the 「Environmental Impact Assessment Act」. However, it was investigated that the number of local government EIA operation in many local governments was less than initial expectations. In order to improve it, the status of ordinances and consultation guidelines which are different for each local government need to be compared, and the institutional issues forthe relevant local governments must be found considering regional characteristics. Furthermore, detailed regulation and guidance on the local government EIA procedure should be included in the consultation guidelines and related information need to be provided. In this study, focusing on the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, the status of local government EIA ordinances in metropolitan cities and provinces with a similar condition was investigated, and the types and scope of target projects were compared and analyzed. In addition, consultation guidelines forIncheon Metropolitan City were written, and improvements on the procedure flow and overall schedule designation derived from the process were presented. In the case of Incheon Metropolitan City, there were no detailed information officially announced regarding the regulations of the local government EIA ordinance and follow-up management, so the administrative system of the local government needed to be reinforced in this field. Meanwhile, considering the status of local environment and geography, some target project types were deemed necessary to be added: port construction projects, water resource development projects, railroad construction projects, and military facilities installation projects. The results of this study will provide useful information to local governments which want to improve their operation effectiveness by reorganizing the local government EIA system and preparing specific guidelines.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.24-43
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• 2015

This study constitutes an inquiry into the decline of Government Office(官衙) facilities carried out intensively during modern era, focusing on provincial government offices of Jeollabuk-do. There have been several studies of changes in provincial government offices till now, but there have been few studies of government offices of the counties and prefectures(郡縣) during the period of the Japanese Resident-General of Korea and after the National Liberation, temporally and there have still been lacking studies on Jeollabuk-do, spatially. Thus, this study attempts to empirically prove the reasons and the time of the decline of provincial government offices in Jeollabuk-do and the characteristics in the process of decline focusing on modern era. As a result of the study, four factors: demolition, abolition, appropriation and disaster had the most decisive impacts on the decline of government office facilities. Demolition refers to the destruction of government office facilities, and abolition, to the decline and the discontinuation of the operation of the facilities. Appropriation refers to conversion to facilities to meet public functions, and disaster, damage from a typhoon or fire. These factors had already been started from the 1900s, and by the 1930s, most of the government office facilities came to lose their original looks and functions. In the meantime, there was an essential purpose in demolition, the most direct factor in the destruction of the government office facilities in terms of function: that is new construction of public facilities necessary for administration and rule. The existing government office facilities were appropriated, sometimes, but behind that, many cases of demolition of the government office facilities for the new construction of public facilities are found. The appropriation of the government office facilities is divided into educational, administrative, financial and security facilities, and generally, Gaeksa(客舍) and Dongheon(東軒) were used respectively as educational and administrative facilities while their attached facilities were used as financial and public order and security facilities in general. Especially, some government office facilities were utilized as distinctive facilities such as housing or hospital. In the process of appropriation, a lot of modification occurred inside and outside the government office facilities, due to which, the government office facilities gradually declined losing their traditional styles.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.374-381
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• 2015

Occurrences of coastal dredged materials are ever increasing due to port construction, navigational course maintenance and dredging of polluted coastal sediments. Ocean dumping of the coastal dredged materials has become virtually prohibited as London Treaty will be enacted as of the year 2012. It will be necessary to treat and recycle the dredged materials that may carry organic pollutants and heavy metals in a reasonable and effective process: collection of the dredged materials, liquid and solid separation, and treatment of organic compounds and heavy metals. In this study we have developed a continuous bioreactor system that can treat a mixture of silt and particulate organic matter using a microbial consortium (BM-S-1). The steady-state operation conditions were: pH (7.4-7.5), temperature ($16^{\circ}C$), DO (7.5-7.9), and salt concentration (3.4-3.7%). The treatment efficiencies of SCOD, T-N and T-P of the mixture were 95-96%, 92-99%, and 79-97%. The system was also effective in removal of heavy metals such as Zn, Ni, and Cr. Levels of MLSS during three months operation period were 11,000-19,000 mg/L. Interestingly, there was little sludge generated during this period of operation. The augmented microbial consortium seemed to be quite active in the removal of the organic component (30%) present in the dredged material in association with indigenous bacteria. The dominant phyla in the treatment processes were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes while dominant genii were Marinobacterium, Flaviramulus, Formosa, Alteromonadaceae_uc, Flavobacteriaceae_uc. These results will contribute to a development of a successful bioremediation technology for various coastal and river sediments with a high content of organic matter, inorganic nutrients and heavy metals, leading to a successful reuse of the polluted dredged sediments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3184-3190
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• 2013

These days, the great part of design processes in the field of ship or offshore manufacturing are planed and implemented using the customized CAD system for each ship-building companies. It means that all information for design and production could be extracted and reused at the useful other area cost considerable time and efforts. The representative example is the estimation of welding length and material amount which is demanded during the construction of ship or offshore structures. The proper estimation of welding material to be used and the usage of them at the stage of schedule planning is mostly important to achieve the seamless process of production and expect the costing in advance. This study is related to the calculation of welding length and needed material amount at the stage of design complete utilizing the CAD system. The calculated amount are classified according to welding position, stage, block, bevel and welding type. Moreover it is possible to predict the working time for welding operation and could be used efficiently for the cost management using the results of this research.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 1998

This study was carried out to survey basic information of swine farms on the machine holdings. facility type. management of manure by farm scale and operation, and then to develop the mechanization model. Manual feeding was common for sows and nursing sows. but automation feeding was normally furnished for weaners. growing pigs and castrated male pigs. Water supplies was completely automated for all of the surveyed swine farms. Fully mechanized and automated system would not be feasible and affordable for the small scale farms breeding less than 500 heads. Because the environmental control for the nursing sows and weaner was important, some swine houses were constructed with the windowless type. However, the furnished rates ranged from 22.2% to 44.4% of the surveyed nursing sow and weaner houses at the farm scales. In the future, a computerized ventilation system would be commended for the efficient use of heat energy and to maintain the desirable temperature of swine buildings. Over-investment for large scale farm and over-crowded pigpen of small farm would cause wasting construction expenses and spreading epidermic diseases Hence, the size of swine building should follow the recommended scale. The fermentation drier was recommended for the manure management. Urine could be recycled or discharged after treating by the activated sludge process.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.22-35
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the idea of the ideal garden, pursued by Dasan, by analyzing the production process of his writing and the location of his dwelling, and the characteristics of the garden in the writings of Dasan (茶山) Jeong Yag-Yong (丁若鏞)'s "Jaehwangsangyuincheop (題黃裳幽人帖)" is concerned with his writings on an imaginary garden (意園). This paper assumed that "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" served as a blueprint for his ideal dwelling. The main research subjects are the external scenes described in the "Jaehwangsangyuincheop", and the garden elements and spatial construction that were visualized as a Korean Ink Painting (水墨畵) through the analysis of related works. The results are as follows. First, Hwang Sang was Dasan's favorite pupil, and "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" was written by Dasan while at Boeunsanbang in the winter of 1805 as an answer to a question that Hwang Sang posed about the residence of a hermit. By referring to this response, Hwang Sang established Ilsoksanbang (一粟山房) under Mt. Cheongae in Daegu-myeon, Gangjin. Secondly, the residence in "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" has mountains behind it and water in front of it (背山臨水). The residence was used as a place to combine life and leisure. It was an ideal residence that secluded the scholar(隱士). Thirdly, Dasan's ideal garden was shown as operation of natural geography in a residential location, practically using various plant materials, expanding physical boundaries of garden, pursuing synesthetic aesthetics while enjoying garden elements, and having an active experience of the taste for the arts in the extended garden. "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" depicted the life of a scholar with the taste of elegance (雅趣), who live in reclusiveness (隱逸), which was wanted by Dasan after exile. It was realized as Ilsoksanbang. "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" was interpreted as the ideal of a feasible dwelling that faithfully reflects Dasan's conceptual thoughts on the garden.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2017

Rapid industrial development has led to a serious problem of pollution in the industrial sector. With the increasing social need for environmental protection, research on air pollution prevention equipment for reducing pollutants in industrial processes is actively being undertaken. The deterioration of existent, installed facilities, their increased emission rates, and the strengthening of the effluent quality standards make complying with permissible emission standards difficult. In fact, installing new electric precipitators or complementing existent facilities is inevitable. The expansion and complementation of the installed electrical precipitators have led to improvements in dust collection efficiency, shorter working times, and lower costs. Because of its easy installation and simple manufacturing process, the production method with the discharge electrode of an electric precipitator is widely used. The following conclusions were reached by classifying discharge electrodes into four types based on the production method and mutually comparing them by their dust collection efficiency. None of the four types used in this study were damaged by impact. However, we were able to confirm some strain from the compression sites of both type A and type B. Both type B and type C are expected to have greater dust collection efficiencies than the other models due to their large vibration transmissibility. Moreover, the high vibrational energy is expected to cause rapping damage during its operation. Particularly, in the case of type B, some of the strain was found at the end of the compression site. The coupling schemes of both type C and type D are out of vibration transmissibility. On the other hand, the ability to maintain straightness and solidity of the side is regarded as outstanding and stable. Type D has outstanding on-site workability, considering the presence of locking, structural stability, and work conditions. From these experiments, we determined that type C is the most ideal connection method of discharge electrode, considering its construction period of renovation. Type C is inferior to type D with regard to on-site workability. However, type C has outstanding dedusting transmission with regard to the straightness, solidity maintenance, and vibration of shearing stress.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.157-166
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• 2011

This study is to mention necessity of building Green-way by foreign theoretical backgrounds and analyzing cases of internal and external, and is purposed on assessment of projects in operation internal by above necessity. For these assessments, looking into cases of green-way plan of external and defining issues by comparing with internal cases to suggest solutions. Green-way planning methods can be classified in physical and non-physical aspects. From among these, for case of non-physical method, its environments of each nation, region, local are all different from each other and can not be turned into a numerical value and quantification, as well. Therefore, analyzing and suggesting the directions on the basis of physical method. Understanding the improvements degree of physical environment of before and after implementation of projects by using successful cases of external similar to actual state of internal. By these process, inflecting to suggest a seek way of applied to internal projects. Local aspects, doesn't have the specific analyzed data of improvement of pedestrian environment and building green-way and are shortage of implementation of projects also. For that reason this study is to look into the status and plans of building green-way in Seoul and analyzing the 7 completed region cases. And suggesting issues of projects and the direction of national and local green-way projects.