• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.140-141
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• 2018

Protective coatings at nuclear power plants should be designed to withstand exposure to ambient conditions during normal operation or design-basis accidents. However, there was a change in the perception of the protective coating to the revision of the Regulatory Guidelines by the NRC in July 2000. In other words, maintenance guidelines have been strengthened in order to minimize the clogging of the cooling water system due to the substances in the containment building. Therefore, KHNP, the contractor and operator of the nuclear power plant, plans to develop the coating system for nuclear power plants in accordance with the regulation, and plans to develop its own coating expert.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

Cognitive presence, a sense of "being there" cognitively, has recently been considered as an important indicator for students' engagement in e-learning. There is, however, no widely accepted scale to measure the level of cognitive presence since most studies have put their effort to set and clarify the conceptual framework with qualitative methodology. This study reviewed existing theories on cognitive presence and related fields extensively and developed a new self-report scale for measuring the conceived level of cognitive presence. The reliability and validity of the scale was tested against 723 undergraduate students in two consecutive studies, 418 in the preliminary and 305 in the follow-up study. Three major constructs to measure the perceived level of cognitive presence were: 1) clear understanding, 2) knowledge construction, and 3) learning management. This paper reports the final results of the two independent studies.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.307-329
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• 1997

Nowadays the whole World is overwhelmed by the wave of Information Technology. In particular, in this Information & Communication Era such advanced countries as United States, Germany, and France are now launching and preparing Government levels Information Technology Policy and Strategies in order to keep their information initiative and superiority. Ever since 1993 when the US government have been advocating m as well as NPR, the US is concentrating their all energies and efforts on the redeem of their former national competitiveness which was snatched up to Japan, meanwhile also Japanese government, who has announced NEW SOCIETY CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM in 1994 to be completed by 2010, is trying to do their whole national endeavors to enter into the highly enhanced information society. Recently also our Government enacted the LAW of INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROMOTE & EXPEDITE in 1995 then sequently in the next year announced its detailed enforcement regulations, targeting at one of the leading countries with highly advanced Information Technology. The concept of Internet which takes the concept of Internet into the inner side of the industries has been, since implemented in 1995, showing really the rapid growth and at the same time it is highlighted onto the next generations Information-network. The merits of Internet, representing as the affordable cost, continuous standardization, various functionalities of multimedia excellent expansibilities, easy interface is the most adequate choice as a newest method for our country that announce to be one of leading countries in the realization of Information Technology and expects immediate effect on the construction of Internet in the level of whole country. In an effort to construct the nations level of Internet by firstly the build-up and connection of each central and each local government level of internet, a few methods for nation levels internet build-up are here studied and described, while in the beginnings stage through both e-mails and internet home pages the nation level of internet can be established in stages. The construction of Internet in the level of the nation is not an issue of simple option but an essential and inevitable choice for the survival in 2000s and as well the jump-up and penetration onto the real advanced country in the New Era.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.251-261
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• 2007

This study is to investigate the damage assessment of adjacent structures due to tunneling in urban environment. Model tests were carried out with two-story masonry building structures in various shapes and locations. The damage level of adjacent structures were very differently estimated in accordance with the shape ratio (L/h) of structures, construction stages, and various locations. The results of model tests were plotted on the damage level graphs in order to predict the direction of damage levels for the different types of structures (i.e. stiffness of structures, L/h). The progressive crack development mechanism at various construction stages was revealed through model tests and crack size indicated more conservative side of damage level on the damage level graph.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2014

This study was performed to monitor the effects of water level change on changes of landscape, vegetation community, and species diversity of riparian forest. Hantan river dam, study area, has been constructed in the area of Chansoo-myeon, Pocheon-si and Yeoncheon-eup, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do, which is a dam for flood control only in flooding season. Landscape changes were notable after the construction of coffer dam, and the changes were caused by water level increase in areas of riparian forests which consisted of mainly withered willow as a dominant species in the flooding season. It changed vegetation communities of riparian forest from Phragmites japonica and Salix koreensis to Phragmites japonica. Species diversity index was lowest in 2010 when the coffer dam was constructed and showed an increasing trend later. Thus, this study is well in agreement with a previous report that plants of the genus Salix wither by muddy water during flooding and also suggests, controlling water level of river and prediction of water level change's effects should be considered when any facilities are planned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.521-526
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the effect of blasting vibration in buildings and it's resident located around blasting construction field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured the vibration level, vibration velocity. The 250g and 750g of charged powder were used at the apartment and at the ground, respectively. In the measurement of the ground, Z(perpendicularity) axis was the highest value in vibration level, but vertical axis was the highest value at 25m point and longitudinal axis was the highest value at 50m point in vibration velocity. The amount of measurement was high value when measuring point is higher than blasting source, while that of measurement was low value when measuring point is lower than blasting source. In the measurement of the apartment, 2 axis was the highest value in vibration level, but in vibration velocity transverse axis was the highest value at ground, was vertical axis at 1st floor, was longitudinal axis at 3rd floor and was vertical and longitudinal axis at 5th floor. The vibration level and the vibration velocity of 50m point showed higher correlation value than 25m point at the ground, but those of 25m point showed higher correlation value than 50m point at the apartment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.632-638
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the effect of blasting vibration in buildings and it's resident located around blasting construction field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured by the vibration level, vibration velocity. The 250g and 750g of charged powder were used at the apartment and at the ground, respectively. In the measurement of the ground, 2 (perpendicularity) axis was the highest value in vibration level, but vertical direction was the highest value at 25 m point and longitudinal direction was the highest value at 50 m point in vibration velocity. The amount of measurement was high value when measuring point is higher than blasting source, while that of measurement was low value when measuring point is lower than blasting source. In the measurement of the apartment, Z axis was the highest value in vibration level, but in vibration velocity transverse direction was the highest value at ground, was vertical direction at 1st floor, was longitudinal direction at 3rd floor and was vertical and longitudinal direction at 5th floor. The vibration level and the vibration velocity of 50 m point showed higher correlation value than 25 m point at the ground, but those of 25 m point showed higher correlation value than 50 m point at the apartment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.363-370
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• 2021

This study aims to revisit the issues and misconceptions about financial inclusion (FI) indices. For indices construction, this study uses two approaches: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008) which is based on UNDP methodology, while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index of Stock and Watson (2002) and Rehman et al. (2021). The data of 18 economies of Asia from 1997 till 2017 is used for indices construction and analysis. The authors constructed macro and micro-level financial inclusion indices based on the different types of financial inclusion indicators. Second, the authors have critically evaluated two different approaches, and the results show that Sarma (2008)-based index show financial inclusion's level, while DFM-based index reveal fluctuation in the current year's financial inclusion level due to the prior variations. For measuring the level of financial inclusion, the Sarma (2008) index is effective, while for forecasting the level of financial inclusion, the DFM approach is more appropriate. Furthermore, the micro and macro aspects of financial inclusion should be reflected in separate indices for better understanding and in-depth insights.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.573-584
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• 2022

Water inrush may occur during seaside urban tunnel excavation. Various factors affect the water inrush, and the water inrush mechanism is complex. In this study, nine evaluation indices having potential effects on water inrush were analysed. Specifically, the geographic and geomorphic conditions, unfavourable geology, distance from the tunnel to sea, strength of the surrounding rock, groundwater level, tidal action, cyclical footage, grouting pressure, and grouting reinforced region were analysed. Furthermore, a two-step interval risk assessment method for water inrush management during seaside urban tunnel excavation was developed by a multi-index system and interval risk assessment comprised of an interval analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and relative superiority analysis. The novel assessment method was applied to the Haicang Tunnel successfully. A preliminary interval risk assessment method for water inrush was performed based on engineering geological conditions. As a result, the risk level fell into a risk level IV, which represents a section with high risk. Subsequently, a secondary interval risk assessment method was performed based on engineering geological conditions and construction conditions. The risk level of water inrush is reduced to a risk level II. The results agreed with the current tunnel situation, which verified the reliability of this approach.

• Korean Architects
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• v.3 no.9 s.9
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• pp.44-51
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• 1968

This article discusses at a basic level the of chimney construction. The concept, design, and operation can be understood easily. This, of course, is the first step to orderly construction. The selection of the boiler as to type, capacity, etc., was summarized in brief. The over all planning of the boiler and chimney together was the main object of this article. The architectural books covering this subject are very technical and this article tries to make the understanding of the basic principles more easy for the beginner in architecture.