• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.459-474
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• 2009

The Journal of English Language and Literature. The purpose of this study is to provide an optimality theoretic approach to NPIs (Negative Polarity Items) in English and Korean by proposing three universal constraints. The constraints are C-command Condition (CCC): NPI must be c-commanded by a constituent with negative meaning; Locality Condition (LOC): NPI must be bound in the local domain; Subjacency: NPI licensing must satisfy Subjacency Condition (SBJ); Previous analyses have shown that these three constraints control NPIs in one way or another. This study attempts to demonstrate that NPIs in both English and Korean languages can be nicely accounted for by setting a different constraint hierarchy for the two independent languages. That is, by slightly changing the constraint hierarchy, distributional differences of NPIs in both languages can be accounted straightforwardly within the framework of Optimality Theory.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.294-301
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• 2004

·Text-mining approach to e-documents organization based on topic hierarchy - Machine-Learning ＆ information Theory-based ㆍ 'Category(topic) discovery' problem → document bundle-based user-constraint document clustering ㆍ 'Automatic categorization' problem → Accelerated EM with CU-based active learning → 'Hierarchy Construction' problem → Unsupervised learning of category subsumption relation

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2019

In this paper I discuss a more complicated case of 'It'-Extraposition in English in the Optimality Theory [1] by further modifying and extending the analysis done in Khym (2018) [2] in which only the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition such as 'CP-Predicate' was dealt with. I show in this paper that the constraints and the constraint hierarchy developed to explain the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition are no longer valid for the more complicated cases of 'It'-Extraposition in configuration of 'CP-V-CP'. In doing so, I also discuss two important theoretic possibilities and suggest a new view to look at the 'It'-Extraposition: first, the long-bothering question of which syntactic approach between P&P (Chomsky 1985) [3] and MP (Chomsky 1992) [4] should be based on in projecting the full surface forms of candidates may boil down to just a simple issue of an intrinsic property of the Gen(erator). Second, the so-called 'It'- Extraposition phenomenon may not actually be a derived construction by the optional application of Extraposition operation. Rather, it could be just a representational construction produced by the simple application of 'It'-insertion after the structure projection with 'that-clause' at the post-verbal position. This observation may lead to elimination of one of the promising candidates of '$It_i{\ldots}[_{CP}that{\sim}]_i$' out of the computation table in Khym [2], and eventually to excluding the long-named 'It'-Extraposition case from Extrsposition phenomena itself. The final constraints and the constraint hierarchy that are explored are as follows: ${\bullet}$ Constraints: $^*SSF$, AHSubj, Subj., Min-D ${\bullet}$ Constraint Hierarchy: SSF<<>>Subj.>> AHSubj.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.576-582
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• 2022

In this paper, we discuss the relative positioning of Wh-related English prepositions in a Wh-interrogative construction within the Optimality Theory [1-2]. By employing the two key constraints such as ^*Prep-Str and Align which are developed for the positioning of Wh-related prepositions from Romance languages such as French and Italian [3] and for the positioning of Wh-related prepositions from the middle English prose from 1500 to 1900 [4-6], and by slightly modifying the constraint hierarchy of ^*Prep-STR >>Align into ^**PrepSTR <<>>Align, Choi argues that his new theory can properly explain the unique behaviors of English Whrelated prepositions being able to take two 'optional' operations such as pied-piping and stranding to find legitimate landing sites in a Wh-interrogative construction [7]. However, this new analysis again reveals the following critical problems: (1) Unlike the 'light' English Wh-related prepositions which can two optional operations for legitimate landing sites in a Wh-interrogative construction, 'heavy' Wh-related English prepositions are not allowed to have such two options: they take just one option of pied-piping only. Thus, (2) his argumentation based on the existing constraints and the modified constraint hierarchy is neither general enough nor proper to explain the issue of the relative positioning for all English Wh-related preposition cases. To include such exceptional syntactic property of the 'heavy' preposition cases within the Optimality Theory, we suggest a new constraint of ^*HPrep-STR ranked at the highest position of the constraint hierarchy to disallow a 'heavy' or multi-syllabic Wh-related English preposition to stay alone at the end of a sentence. The new final hierarchy of constraints we suggest to explain the exceptional positioning of 'heavy' Wh-related prepositions together with the other 'light' Wh-related prepositions in English Wh-interrogative construction will be as follows: ^*HPrep-STR>>Align<<>>^*Prep-STR.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

The Extraposition phenomenon in English has been analyzed mainly through two approaches: a derivational approach under the Principles & Parameters framework (P&P) and a representational approach under the early Minimalist framework (MP). The first one tries to understand the phenomenon as a result of the movement of a Big Subject first to the end of a sentence which is then followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. On the other hand, the second one tries to understand it by way of assuming a Big Subject originally base-generated at the end of a sentence which is followed by the insertion of an expletive 'it' to the empty Subject position. The two approaches, however, are not free from theoretical defects at all: the full derivational approach was under controversy in terms of (1) the failure of the Binding Theory and (2) its inability to suggest anything about the marginal reading issue. On the while, the representational approach has been argued (1) to violate the thematic hierarchy that should be kept in D-structure, and (2) to be also unable to suggest the slightest difference in marginal reading issue as the first one. In this paper I focus mainly on analyzing the 'It'-Extraposition phenomenon in the Optimality Theory. I will show that by way of (i) some newly developed constraints such as Subj., and AHSubj. and (ii) a constraint hierarchy of Subj.>>AHSubj., the controversies of 'It-Extraposition' such as (1) the analysis of construction and (2) the very closely related issue of 'marginal reading issue' can be explained properly.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2007

This paper described a method for the construction of a surface through a set of nonuniform scattered points. When the shift vectors of some points as constraints on the original surface are given, those of the other points should be computed to make the new surface. To keep up the look-see and smoothness with the original surfaces, the proper relationship should be formulated between the shifts of the constraint points and those of the other points. Vector fields for 3 dimensional shift of a point on the surface are made based in the constraint shifts. Vector fields for 3 dimensional shift of a point on the surface are made based on the constraint shifts. Multilevel B-spline approximation technique was used to construct the vector field. The technique uses coarse-to-fine hierarchy of control lattices. The developed method was applied to shoe sole design system especially for grading. Using this system, a shoe sole can be modified effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

The existing access control models have the demerits that do not provide the limit function of using resources by time constraint, the restricted inheritance function as a superior role in role hierarchy, the delicate delegation policy and the limit function of using resources by the location information about a user for the access control in ubiquitous environment. This paper proposes an Extended-GTRBAC model is suited to the access control in ubiquitous environment by applying to sub-role concept of GTRBAC model that the application of resources can be restricted by the period and time and PBDM and considering the location information about a user on temporal constraint. The proposal model can restrict the inheritance of permission in role hierarchy by using sub-role, provide the delicate delegation policy such as user-to-user delegation, role to role delegation, multi-level delegation. multi-step delegation, and apply diverse and delicate access control policy which is suited the characteristic of ubiquitous environment by considering the location information about a user on temporal constraint.

• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-69
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• 2002

This paper addresses the issue of constraints on the conversion of the participle II in German, proposing a constraint-based lexical semantic approach. I argue against the widely accepted syntactic view which is based on the dichotomous distinction of intransitive verbs, which has been advanced by the Unaccusative Hypothesis [Perlmutter (1978)]. Several arguments are also given against the semantic view which is based on some aspectual notions such as 'telicity', 'transformativity' or 'terminativity'. The crucial constraints on the conversion of the participle II in German, it is argued, is instead two lexical semantic entailments, movement with a definite change of location and affectedness. These and other lexical semantic entailments in the sense of Dowty (1991) are encoded into the multiple inheritance type hierarchy of qfpsoa. The proposal made in this paper is based on the multiple inheritance hierarchy which is envisaged in a recent framework of head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.109-121
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• 2006

In this paper, we suggest lattice based role graph security management model which changes security level in mandatory access control model as well as constraint and role hierarchy systematically in role base access control model. In this model, we solved privilege abuse of senior role that is role graph model's problem, and when produce conflict between privileges, we can keep integrity of information by reseting grade of subject through constraint. Also, we offer strong security function by doing to be controlled by subject's security level as well as privilege inheritance by role hierarchy, Finally, we present the role graph algorithms with logic to disallow roles that contain conflicting privileges.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1575-1582
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• 1998

In this paper. we design and evaluate a cooperating model that increase problem solving ability by selecting proper cooperating partners under changing situation. In this model, to decide cooperation direction and extent, we have used a payoff function and then divided the group into two parts, cooperation part and non-cooperation part. To control these reconfigured groups at group level, group intention is used as a control media instead of existing data and goal. Group intention is abstractive and comprehensive and represents collection of strategies. Group intention is changed based on resources, information, and cooperation situation on group intention hierarchy. Two layered control is possible : first constraint with group intentions(group level) and then select a strategy under the constraint. These approaches are tested and evaluated on pursuit game testbed.