• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on improving the hand function in hemiplegic side. Methods: Ten subjects without a control group were given CIMT to the hemiplegic side for 3 weeks. The effects of their hand function and sensibility were examined using a MAL and two point discrimination test. Repeated ANOVA was carried out for an analysis of the effects of the application of CIMT before and after treatment. Results: The participants showed significant improvement in their functional aspect with CIMT while there were no significant changes in the time domain variables. There was significant improvement in the quantitative and qualitative aspect of MAL, as well as significant improvement in the two-point discrimination function in all fingers. Conclusion: CIMT can enhance the motor function and sensory function of the hand in hemiplegic patients.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.11
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• pp.1554-1560
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• 2017

Prepare a lose of 765kV transmission route in power system operation condition, there are some Special Protection Scheme(SPS)s in Korean power system. These SPS can make some preselected generators are tripped to avoid generator overspeed. Because of many of the new large power plants are installed to existing power generation sites due to the siting problem, the number of generator tripped by SPS should be increased. But that can be a cause of system frequency change under the Under Frequency Relay(UFR) 1st pickup level 59.0Hz. Therefore generation constraint should be considered until new transmission lines are installed. In this paper, we propose the ESS application for generation constraint mitigation by frequency damping control of ESS. To analysis an effect of ESS application, we use PSS/E dynamic simulation tool, CBEST model and controller model. The proposed ESS application is applied to the empirical Korean power system.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-227
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate which decision factors continue to use the service based on the online simple payment service. In this study, we will examine how to activate the service from the continuing factors through the dual-model theory consisting of personal dedication and constraint dedication which are frequently used in relation marketing. Design/methodology/approach In this study, we investigated the activation of online simple settlement service using factors affecting the preference of the simple payment service based on the dual-model of dedication-based mechanism and constraint-based mechanism. Findings This study confirmed that customer satisfaction and convenience under the dedication -based mechanism were found to be linked to the preference of the simple payment service. Switching cost under the constraint - based mechanism showed that the customer had no binding ability to continue using the service of the current provider. Likewise, preference was found to have a direct effect on the actual frequency of use of the simple payment service, the number of uses compared to the total number of online payments, and willingness to use more.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.6
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• pp.789-798
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• 2022

The stud shear connector is the main force transfer member in the steel-concrete composite member, and the mechanical behavior is very complicated in the concrete. The concrete around the stud is subjected to the pry-out local pressure concentration of the stud, which can easily produce splitting mirco-cracks. In order to solve the problem of pry-out local splitting of stud shear connector, a kind of stud shear connector with constraint measure is proposed in this paper. Through the push-out test, the interface shear behavior of the new stud shear connector between steel and concrete flange plate was studied, and the difference between the new stud shear connector and the traditional stud connector was compared. The results show that the stud shear connector with constraint measure can effectively avoid the adverse effect of local pressure splitting by relying on its own constraint measure. The shear stiffness of the interface between steel and concrete flange plates is greatly improved, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of strong connection coefficient of steel-concrete composite structures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1924-1930
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• 2021

By using miniature SENB specimens, the fracture properties of the materials in the region of welded metal, 321 stainless steel heat affected zone, 690 alloy heat affected zone of 321/690 dissimilar metal girth welded joints were tested. Both the J-resistance curves and critical fracture toughness of the three different materials are affected by the crack size because of the effect of crack tip constraint. Groups of constraint corrected J-resistance curves of the three materials are obtained according to J-Q-M approach. The welded metals exhibit the best fracture resistance but the worst fracture resistance is observed in the material of 690 alloy heat affected zone.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2010

This paper presents theoretical solutions for the three-dimensional (3D) stress field in an infinite isotropic elastic plate containing a through-the-thickness circular hole subjected to far-field in-plane loads by using Kane and Mindlin's assumption. The dangerous position, where the premature fracture or failure of the plate will take place, the expressions of the tangential stress at the surface of the hole and the out-of-plane stress constraint factor are found in a concise, explicit form. Based on the present theoretical solutions, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the deviated degree of the in-plane stresses from the related plane stress solutions, stress concentration and out-of-plane constraint, and the emphasis has been placed on the effects of the plate thickness, Poisson's ratio and the far-field in-plane loads on the stress field. The analytical solution shows that the effects of the plate thickness and Poisson's ratio on the deviation of the 3D in-plane stress components is obvious and could not be ignored, although their effects on distributions of the in-plane stress components are slight, and that the effect of the far-field in-plane loads is just on the contrary of that of the above two. When only the shear stress is loaded at far field, the stress concentration factor reach its peak value about 8.9% higher than that of the plane stress solutions, and the out-of-plane stress constraint factor can reach 1 at the surface of the hole and is the biggest among all cases considered.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.109-116
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• 1996

In this paper, I would like to explore the possibility that the nature of place assimilation can be captured in terms of the OCP within the Optimality Theory (Mccarthy & Prince 1999. 1995; Prince & Smolensky 1993). In derivational models, each assimilatory process would be expressed through a different autosegmental rule. However, what any such model misses is a clear generalization that all of those processes have the effect of avoiding a configuration in which two consonantal place nodes are adjacent across a syllable boundary, as illustrated in (1):(equation omitted) In a derivational model, it is a coincidence that across languages there are changes that have the result of modifying a structure of the form (1a) into the other structure that does not have adjacent consonantal place nodes (1b). OT allows us to express this effect through a constraint given in (2) that forbids adjacent place nodes: (2) OCP(PL): Adjacent place nodes are prohibited. At this point, then, a question arises as to how consonantal and vocalic place nodes are formally distinguished in the output for the purpose of applying the OCP(PL). Besides, the OCP(PL) would affect equally complex onsets and codas as well as coda-onset clusters in languages that have them such as English. To remedy this problem, following Mccarthy (1994), I assume that the canonical markedness constraint is a prohibition defined over no more than two segments, $\alpha$ and $\beta$: that is, $^{*}\{{\alpha, {\;}{\beta{\}$ with appropriate conditions imposed on $\alpha$ and $\beta$. I propose the OCP(PL) again in the following format (3) OCP(PL) (table omitted) $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the target and the trigger of place assimilation, respectively. The '*' is a reminder that, in this format, constraints specify negative targets or prohibited configurations. Any structure matching the specifications is in violation of this constraint. Now, in correspondence terms, the meaning of the OCP(PL) is this: the constraint is violated if a consonantal place $\alpha$ is immediately followed by a consonantal place $\bebt$ in surface. One advantage of this format is that the OCP(PL) would also be invoked in dealing with place assimilation within complex coda (e.g., sink [si(equation omitted)k]): we can make the constraint scan the consonantal clusters only, excluding any intervening vowels. Finally, the onset clusters typically do not undergo place assimilation. I propose that the onsets be protected by certain constraint which ensures that the coda, not the onset loses the place feature.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.587-594
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how college students' stress coping in the post-corona era affect leisure constraint negotiations. To achieve the purpose of this study, from January 25th to February 19th, 2021, 247 copies were used for this study, excluding 13 questionnaires from Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Busan. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. As a result, there was a difference in leisure constraint negotiations according to changes in the types of leisure before and after COVID-19. According to the stress coping method of college students, it appears that it has a positive effect on the part of leisure constraint negotiations, so it is necessary to consider a detailed approach to the coping plan. In particular, it was confirmed that the active stress coping method(Active problem solving, Social support seeking) had a positive effect on the leisure constraint negotiations. Therefore, future research will require efforts to verify their relationship with various approaches to leisure constraints, leisure constraints negotiations, and stress and stress response strategies with COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.153-163
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• 2000

The size effect on fracture toughness was investigated by introducing $J-A_2$ theory. For this application,small size specimens were chosen to establish $J-A_2$ assessment curve with FEM analysis. Two-dimensional FEM analysis was conducted with plane strain model using ABAQUS by domain integral method to calculate both crack tip stress and fracture toughness which were used to establish $J-A_2$ curve. The assessment curve predicted the fracture toughness of large specimens very well when compared to the test values. The results showed good prediction for deep crack specimen, though there were acceptable deviations in shallow cracked specimens, presumably caused by constraint effect. When the curve applied to reactor vessel in order to predict end of life fracture toughness with assumption of on-power pressure test condition, it provided the reasonable pressure compared to the existing design value. Better predictions would be possible if more test data were available.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.362-369
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• 2015

This study addresses the effects of channel estimation error and mutual interference between licensed and unlicensed systems on outage performance of reactive relay selection in unlicensed systems over independent non-identical (i.n.i) Rayleigh fading channels and under both the maximum transmit power constraint and primary outage constraint. Toward this end, power allocation for unlicensed users is first recommended to satisfy both constraints and account for channel estimation error and mutual interference. Then, we derive an exact closed-form outage probability representation for unlicensed systems to quickly evaluate this effect in key operation parameters. Various results corroborate the derived expressions and provide useful insights into system performance.