• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to know hematologic characteristics of patients with stroke in Sasang Constitutional Medicine which will be helpful for the prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods We collected data from 111 patients who received treatment as a stroke inpatient at one Korean medicine hospital in Busan, Korea. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) specialist diagnosed their Sasang Constitutional types based on the four diagnosis standard of SCM and herbal medicine reaction. Results of hematologic tests were classified according to gender, age, stroke types and Sasang Constitutional types and analysed by SAS system. Results 1. Male's mean value of RBC count, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit was lower than normal range. 2. The mean value of hsCRP of above age 65 group was 3.19 times significantly higher than under age 65 group. 3. The mean value of platelet of cerebral hemorrhage group was significantly higher than cerebral infarction group. 4. The mean value of triglyceride of Taeeumin was significantly higher than Soyangin and Soeumin. Conclusions For the prevention of stroke, appropriate treatment of stress, trauma and infections is needed and male require a regular and balanced meals. Especially Taeeumin need to eat small meals to avoid excessive accumulation of energy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) specialists. 2. Methods We carried out two studies in order to investigate the concordance rate of the diagnostic results between SCM specialists. We calculated the kappa value for analyzing concordance rate(using the SPSS program). 1) Study A : We investigated 142 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from March 9, 2005 to March 29, 2005 at a health examination center of Kyung-Hee medical center. Every SCM specialist diagnosed 142 clients directly. Each SCM specialist don’t know the other specialist’s diagnosis. 2) Study B : We investigated 176 clients who had taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2005 to March 2005 at the department of Occupational and Environmental medicine of Kyung-Hee medical center. One SCM specialist diagnosed 176 clients directly and the other specialist knowing previous specialist’s diagnosis, diagnosed each person indirectly 3. Results 1) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study A was relatively high(kappa value=0.700). 2) The concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists in study B was high(kappa value=0.895). 4. Conclusions We can confirm the concordance rate of the diagnostic results among SCM specialists is relatively high.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

1. Objectives : The purpose of this rase study is to evaluate the superiority of Sasang constitutional diagnosis and treatment in skin disease compared with western medicine and is to notify the importance of elevating requsite qi(保命之主) in treatment of skin disease. 2. Method : We compared to remedical value in two case. One is to use herbal medicine as well as routine antibiotic treatment. The other one is to use only herbal medicine. Antibiotics was focused on attacking the pathogen and herbal medicine was focused on elevating requsite qi(保命之主). 3. Result and conclusions : In result, the one using only herbal medicine showed satisfactory progress and predominant remedical value compared with one using herbal medicine and routine antibiotic. So It is necessary to approach skin disease in view of elevating requsite qi(保命之主).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliabilities of questions and diagnostic value of the Korean Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire(KS-15). The young adults aged 20's participated in this study. The first survey was conducted in march, 2016, and the second one was conducted two weeks later. Three hundred and three questionnaires and the informed consent were obtained from all participants. The test-retest kappa analysis was used to identify the reliabilities of the questions and diagnostic value, and the significance level was .05. The number of subjects was 303 [87(28.7%)males and 216(71.3%)females]. The Cronbach's α were .630 in 6 characteristic questions. The test-retest reliabilities of questions were ranged from .469 to 734. The agreement rate of KS-15 between the first and second constitutional diagnostic value was 87.13%(Kappa=0.794). The higher Sasang constitutional probability score in first survey resulted in the higher agreement rate between first and second diagnostic value. KS-15 seems to be a reliable implement. Further studies for the reliability of the people of different ages and suitable cut off point in Sasang constitutional probability score are needed for the practical use of KS-15.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.12-28
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• 2023

Introduction This study reports case series of Soyangin patients with coldness in hands and feet using Sasang constitutional medicine approach. This study suggests a value of using constitutional medicine indicators as both prognostic and diagnostic tools. Methods Among patients who visited an outpatient clinic, 7 patients were selected based on the criteria. These selected patients were exclusively treated with herbal medicine and monitored every 2 to 4 weeks retrospectively. Results The average treatment period was 8 weeks. Patients with a favorable pattern showed the improvement within 8 weeks, while those with an unfavorable pattern required more time. Discussion This study confirms the significance of Sasang constitutional medicine approach in Soyangin exterior cold syndrome with coldness in hands and feet. It also validates the current coldness in hands and feet as meaningful diagnostic indicator of Soyangin exterior cold syndrome. Furthermore, it highlights the value of original symptoms as prognostic tools.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-106
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• 2018

The 19th CPC National Congress has a key historical significance in the development of China's constitution. It will also play a decisive role in the history of the seventy years'constitutional change in New China. XiJinping's new socialist thought with Chinese characteristics established in the report of 19th CPC National Congress will be written in the preface of the March 2018 National People's Congress's constitutional amendment. The fifth revision of 1982 Constitution will touch on many issues such as the leadership of the CPC into the constitution, the abolition of the tenure of the president, the constitutional oath system, and the reform of the national supervisory system. In addition, the constitutionality review system, the establishment of the National Security Council, the constitutional status of socialist public property and private property and the adjustment of major economic system has become a hot topic in the theory field. In the history node towards a socialist country ruled by law, the theory and practice of the China indeed have the academic ideas, value position and path model differences, which will delay the Chinese constitutional development, but also is the necessary pain in the process of moving towards the rule of law in China. Indeed, how to the development and where to go in the future of Chinese constitutionalism itself has sample value, which deserves rational attention and in-depth inquiry from Chinese and Western academics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-69
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• 2004

1. Objectives This research is to ascertain relations between the Sasang Constitution and characteristics of the eating attitudes, mental state, body composition, various examination results of obese middle-aged women. 2. Methods The subjects were 31 female patients whose BMI(Body Mass Index) was over $25kg/m^2$ and age was 35~55. It was analysed statistically the results of EAT(The Eating Attitudes Test), DEBQ(Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), body composition analyser, biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, mammography which was surveyed from them. 3. Results and Conclusions 1)There was no relation between the Sasang Constitution and the eating attitudes, eating behaviors. But Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in 23rd question for emotional eating and 33rd question for environmental eating of DEBQ 2)On the mental state, Taeumin got statistically lower score than Non-Taeumin in BDI, STAI-S 3)On the body composition, Taeumin got statistically higher value than Non-Taeumin in BMI. Soyangin got statistically lower value than Non-Soyangin in BMI, left upper limb water, soft lean mass, body water, trunk water. 4)On the various examinations, Taeumin got statistically lower value than Non-Taeumin in serum albumin. Soyangin got statistically lower value in BMI and higher frequency in gallstone, breast nodule than Non-Soyangin. 5)It was thought that Taeumin's obesity is managed by controling physical factor such as excessive 'Gathering Qi(吸聚之氣)' rather than eating attitudes and psychological factor.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.32-45
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out prevalence of chronic diseases according to Sasang constitutional. 2. Methods The medical records of 1,453 subjects who have taken health examinations and diagnosis of Sasang constitution from January 2003 to June 2003 at a health examination center of a university hospital in Seoul were reviewed. Sociodemographic factors and the prevalences of chronic diseases according to Sasang Constitution are compared and analyzed. 3. Results (1) Among the 1,453 subjects, 683(47.0%) were Taeumin, 421(29.0%) were Soyangin, and 349(24.0%) were Soeumin. (2) The prevalences of gastric polyp, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, abnormal liver function and fatty liver of T aeurnin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value<0.05). And the prevalences of hepatic cyst and gall stone disease of Taeumin were higher than those of the other constitutions(p-value<0.l). (3) The prevalences of liver cirrhosis of Soyangin was significantly higher than that of the other constirutions(p-value <0. 05). (4) The prevalences of pulmonary tuberculosis on X-ray and anemia of Soeurnin were significantly higher than those of the other constitutions (p-value<0.05). And the prevalences of gastric xanthelasma and hypothyroidism of Soeumin were higher than those of the other constitutions(p-value<0.1). 4. Conclusions There were significant differences on the prevalences of some chronic diseases according to Sasang wnstirution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-97
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to survey the Personality and Ordinary Symptoms of Soyangin and to compare the tendency of their personality and symptoms according to Soyangin's major prescription. Methods 331 Soyangin's personality and ordinary symptoms data registered to SCIB(Sasang Constitutional Information Bank) were used. All data were analyzed with Chi square test. Some data were ranked and analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test(with Bonferroni correction). Chi square and Kruskal-Wallis test's significant P value was 0.05. Mann-Whitney test's significant P value was 0.005. Results & Conclusions In Chi square test, there is difference in personality and symptoms in Soyangin's major prescription as followed, the degree of masculinity and femininity, the degree of patience, the condition of stool, the degree of appetite, good or bad in digesting, amount of meal, the speed of eating, amount of drinking water, the temperature of drinking water, coldness and hotness in abdomen or not. In Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test, Yanggyuksanhwa-tang is more masculine than Dokhwaljihwang-tang, Hyeongbangsabaek-san, Hyeongbangjihwangtang. Dokhwaljihwang-tang is less appetite than Yanggyuksanhwa-tang and Hyeongbangsabaek-san. Yanggyuksanhwa- tang is more fast in eating than Hyeongbangjihwang-tang.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

1. Objectives : In Sasang constitutional medicine, it has been known that diagnosing Sasang constitution correctly is mostly important. We had developed an Integrated Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool (SCAT) ${\beta}$-version using face, voice, body shape and questionnaire before. The purpose of this study is to suggest whether SCAT ${\beta}$-version is reliable or not. 2. Methods : We collected 371 subjects from 6 oriental medical clinics. We analyzed the Sasang constitutional diagnostic results using Kappa and coincidence rates between experts in Sasang constitution and SCAT ${\beta}$-version which was developed on the basis of face, body shape, voice and characteristics and symptom questionnaire data. 3. Results : The agreement rates between SCAT ${\beta}$-version and experts was 69.3% in total, and 73.2%, in Taeeumin, 70.8% in Soeumin, and 56.9% in Soyangin in detailed. The Kappa was 0.510 (p value<.000). There was an increasing trend of agreement rates and kappa value corresponded to increasing constitutional probability. When The constitutional probabilities were changed from below 40%, to over 40%, 50%, 60%, the agreement rates corresponded from 50.8% to 79.5%, 91.4%, 95.7% respectively. 4. Conclusions : A SCAT combined with a constitutional probability seemed to help experts to diagnose a patient's Sasang constitution correctly.