• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.4
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• pp.179-206
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• 1998

Despite the fact that the phenomenal success of the classical model in phonology in terms of a small set of binary atomic primitives has encouraged the use of criterical features in the characterization of syntactic and semantic categories, cognitive linguists have recently found many evidences against it and proposed a valid alternative like prototype approach to classical model of linguistic categorization. In this paper the examples with prototype effects are shown in phonology, morphology, and syntax. In phonology there is no clear-cut borderline in initial sounds such as / r, m, n, v, ${\eth}$, z, w. j, b. d, g / and between vowels and consonants. In morphology family resemblance is shown between strong verbs and past tenses. In syntax there is no borderline among various kinds of sentences such as declarative, command, WH-question, yes-no question, etc.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.201-222
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate /l/-deletion in lC clusters which are composed of a lateral followed by consonants at syllable-final position in English. For this, I have analyzed /l/-deletion in words depending on conditions and theoretical analyses such as Sonority Sequencing Generalization, Cluster Simplification, Complex sounds and merger, and Feature Geometry, but they didn't offer a very satisfactory explanation to the phenomenon. Therefore, I adopted a historical approach in order to determine the cause and origin of /l/-deletion in lC clusters, and then as a phonological analysis tool, I relied on the constraints and their ranking in Optimal Theory framework for explaining /l/-deletion in the clusters more consistently. As a result, I can explain the phenomenon more explicitly than from the above mentioned analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

The information amount of monosyllables(characters) in Korean language is measured, in order of the following 3 steps. 1) The basic consonants and vowels are partitioned into two steps, 2) These set symbols, C and V, are sequentially combined to obtain the equation which represent the flow state of monosyllables. 3) From the equation, the state graphs can be constructed to examine the proferties of a stochastic process of monosyllables in Korean language. Furthermore, the entropy of Korean language by statistics is measured and compared with that of the western languages. The proposed methods are more definite, systematic, and simpler than the usual methods in examining the nature of information sources.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2000

In this paper, the H1*-H2* measure is introduced and exact procedures for obtaining the H1*-H2* value are fully specified, The H1*-H2* measure (a corrected difference in dB between the first and second harmonics) has been devised to provide an acoustic correlate of the phonation mode of a vowel following a consonant. With this measure, we can investigate the phonation mode of a vowel that is free from the F1 amplitude perturbation effect caused by the preceding consonant, which is especially salient at the voicing onset position of the vowel. For identical research purposes, on the other hand, the H1-H2 measure (the observed difference in dB between the first and second harmonic) has been employed in many previous studies. This paper compares these two measures by illustrating experimental results of exploring post-release phonation modes of vowels following the different manner classes of stop consonants in Korean $\square$i.e., the tense, lenis, and aspirated stops.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2007

Recent experimental studies have shown that language-users' knowledge of the statistical characteristic of their native language plays a key role in their task performance. One specific instance of this that the current study focuses on is the effect of phonotactic probabilities on speakers' wordlikeness judgment of nonwords. In this paper, I explore the question of whether the judgment of Korean speaking subjects as to the wordlikeness of Korean nonsense words is influenced by the degree of association between two-phoneme sequences in Korean. The current results suggest that the objective measure of correlations (expressed by $r_{\phi}$ values) between an onset consonant and a vowel inside Korean syllables play an important role in Korean speakers' nonword processing. The current results additionally indicate an effect of the correlations of two-phoneme sequences including vowels and coda consonants on nonword processing. Implications of these findings for Korean speakers' learning the correlations between adjacent segments inside the syllable are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.73-95
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• 2007

Causal relationships of kindergarteners' phonological awareness and processing to their ability to read words was investigated with the participation of 289 4- to 6-year-old children attending three kindergartens in Busan. Results showed gradual growth in reading ability with age. Children performed best in reading words and poorest in reading low frequency letters. They showed continuous development in skills of syllable deletion, phoneme substitution, phoneme insertion, phonological memory and naming. Discontinuous development was found in counting syllables. Longer syllables were difficult to count, and middle syllables of 3 syllable words were hard to delete. Children had poor perception of final consonants of Consonant-Vowel-Consonant syllables. Children's phonological awareness and processing were latent variables strongly related to ability to read words written in Hangul.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.103-117
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• 1999

This paper suggests that the onset-coda asymmetry found in languages like Korean and others should be dealt with in terms of one acoustic feature rather than other articulatory features, claiming that the acoustic feature involved here is [noise], i.e., 'aperiodic waveform energy'. It determines the structural well-formedness of the languages in question whether a coda ends in [noise] or not, regardless of the intensity, the frequency, and the time duration of the [noise]. Fricatives, affricates, aspirated stops, tense stops, and released stops are all disallowed in the coda position due to the acoustic feature [noise] they, commonly end with if they were, posited in the coda. The proposal implies that the three seemingly separate prohibitions of consonants in the coda position -- i) no fricatives/affricates, ii) no aspirated/tense stops, and iii) no released stops -- are directly correlated with each other. Incorporation of the one acoustic feature [noise] in the feature theory enables us to see that the aspects of onset-coda asymmetry are derived from one single source: ban, of [noise] in the coda.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.217-232
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• 2000

In this study, I investigate the role of post-consonantal fundamental frequency (F0) as a cue for automatic distinction of types of Korean stops and affricates. Rather than examining data obtained by restricting contexts to a minimum to prevent the interference of irrelevant factors, a relatively natural speaker independent speech corpus is analysed. Automatic and statistical approaches are adopted to annotate data, to minimise speaker variability, and to evaluate the results. In spite of possible loss of information during those automatic analyses, statistics obtained suggest that vowel F0 is a useful cue for distinguishing manners of articulation of Korean non-continuant obstruents having the same place of articulation, especially of lax and aspirated stops and affricates. On the basis of the statistics, automatic classification is attempted over the relevant consonants in a specific context where the micro-prosodic effects appear to be maximised. The results confirm the usefulness of this effect in application for Korean phone recognition.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.203-216
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to revisit the property of the Korean plain stops in intervocalic position. More specifically, focusing on a word-internal, intervocalic position, this study investigates 1) how often speakers pronounce intervocalic. stops as fully voiced, 2) in what amount each speaker voice the plain stops during the stop closure, 3) whether the preceding or the following vowel influences the voicing of target consonants, and 4) the fundamental frequency pattern at the vowel onset after the target consonant shows any consistent pattern, regardless of whether voicing is present during the closure. The results of this study give strong support for the phonetic account of the voicing distinction in Korean. (Jun 1995, 1996).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

We explored Dutch listeners' perception of Korean three-way contrast of fortis, lenis, and aspirated stops. The three Korean stops are all voiceless word-initially, whereas Dutch distinguishes between voiced and voiceless stops, so Korean voiceless stops were expected to be difficult for the Dutch listeners. Among the three Korean stops, fortis stops are phonetically most similar to Dutch voiceless stops, thus they were expected to be the easiest to distinguish for the Dutch listeners. Dutch and Korean listeners carried out a discrimination task using three crucial comparisons, i.e., fortis-lenis, fortis-aspirated, and lenis-aspirated stops. Results showed that discrimination between lenis and aspirated stops was the most difficult among the three comparisons for both Dutch and Korean listeners. As expected, Dutch listeners discriminated fortis from the other stops relatively accurately. It seems likely that Dutch listeners relied heavily on VOT but less on F0 when discriminating between the three Korean stops.