• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

Today, the demand for speech recognition systems in mobile environments is increasing rapidly. This paper proposes a novel method for Korean phoneme segmentation that is applicable to a phoneme based Korean speech recognition system. First, the input signal constitutes blocks of the same size. The proposed method is based on a volatility indicator calculated for each block of the input speech signal, and the bulk indicators calculated for each bulk in blocks, where a bulk is a set of adjacent samples that have the same sign as that of the primitive indicators for phoneme segmentation. The input signal vowels, voiced consonants, and voiceless consonants are sequentially recognized and the boundaries among phonemes are found using three devoted recognition algorithms that combine the two types of primitive indicators. The experimental results show that the proposed method can markedly reduce the error rate of the existing phoneme segmentation method.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.273-296
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• 2017

This study focuses on a review of Hangeul orthography guidelines in Korean language regulations. It is indispensable to revise the guidelines thoroughly because it has been more than 80 years since a unified plan of Korean orthography was established in 1933, which the current orthography is based on. Also, it has been approximately 30 years since 1989, when the current guidelines were issued and promulgated. The viewpoint towards this review reflects the requirements by education fields of Korean as a foreign language and modern Korean users. Hangeul orthography consists of six clauses, along with an appendix regarding punctuation marks: 1) general rules, 2) consonants and vowels, 3) related to sounds, 4) about forms, 5) spacing between words, and 6) miscellaneous. This paper examined individual clauses and specific usages of the clauses, in terms of Korean as a foreign language. Based on the review, this paper suggests the following tasks in order to establish a draft of Hangeul orthography for foreigners. A. Among the individual clauses, some clauses that embody vocabulary education aspects should be addressed in a Korean dictionary, and deleted in Hangeul orthography guidelines. B. The clauses of Hangeul orthography guidelines should be edited for revision and substitution where necessary. C. The usage of individual clauses should be replaced with more appropriate examples aligned with everyday conversation. D. In order to establish 'Hangeul orthography for foreigners', linguists should continuously review several chapters and the appendix of Hangeul orthography, such as components about forms, spacing between words, miscellaneous, and punctuation marks. The purpose of this review is to pursue the simplicity of Hangeul orthography guidelines and the practicality in terms of reflecting more realistic examples. This review contributes to facilitate Korean language usage not only for non-native learners, but also native users.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.29-49
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• 2021

This paper proposes the Hunminjungum Keypad that applied the creation principle of Hunminjungum to the design of keypad. The proposed keypad arranged 28 letters of Hunminjungum to have correlations with each other between consonants, between vowels, and between consonants and vowels. That is, Consonant buttons are arranged by grouping letters of the same sound by sounds of five voices. And the vowel buttons are arranged at the bottom and the right side of the consonant area according to the position where a vowel is attached to the consonant. In the meantime, Hangul keypads have mainly used 12 button keypads in 4 lines and 3 columns. These keypads have structurally disadvantageous in the touch count and moving distance. Recently, keypads with many letter buttons such as QWERTY and single-vowel are also used a lot. If the number of letter buttons provided in the keypad increases, touch count decreases. And If the letter buttons are arranged to have a correlation with each other, the moving distance becomes smaller. The experimental results show that the proposed keypad has high efficiency in all evaluation factors such as touch count, moving distance and input time.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 2013

Recently, the number of those who were transplanted cochlear implants increased as health insurance increases has expanded. Last six years between 2005 to 2009, patients who received a cochlear implant surgery were about 3,300 and number of cochlear implants in adults of them have shown growing aspects. In the case of young children, they actively participated auditory training program after cochlear implant surgery and the studies related to auditory training in child are many, but the studies related to auditory training in adults is insufficient. In this study, we perform the auditory training for the female adult (age 54) received cochlear implant after language acquisition used Ling 6 sounds test, standardized consonants, vowels and sentences listening test and word recognition and confirmation test. As a result after auditory training for 10 weeks, she identified all phonemes in Ling 6 sound test and performed close to 100% in standardized consonants, vowels and sentences listening tests. Also, she improved the ability of real-world environmental sound and real-world words identifications by 57-95%. The results of this study showed the need of auditory training program with systematic and effective planning and considering the characteristics of the individual for adults.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.650-657
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• 2018

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to compare receptive and expressive language development in children who have undergone simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation (SCI) and those who have undergone bimodal stimulation (unilateral CI+ hearing aid). Subjects and Method In a retrospective analysis of clinical data, 15 pediatric patients who have received SCI and nine patients who have received bimodal stimulation (BM group) were enrolled. CI was performed for all patients at 24 months of age. Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) scores, Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores, and developmental quotients (DQ) for expressive and receptive language were compared between the groups at 12 month of follow-up. The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) of children evaluated at 4 years old was also compared. Results At 12 months of follow-up, significantly greater improvements in CAP scores (${\Delta}4.25{\pm}0.5$) were noted in the SCI group compared to the BM group (${\Delta}3.56{\pm}0.88$, p=0.041). Significantly greater improvements in IT-MAIS scores were also noted in the SCI group (${\Delta}36.17{\pm}4.09$) than in the BM group (${\Delta}30.17{\pm}2.91$, p=0.004). The DQ of receptive language was higher in the SCI group than in the BM group ($87.6{\pm}15.4%$ vs. $75.5{\pm}12.0%$, p=0.023) at 12 months of follow-up. Moreover, early SCI was associated with better receptive language skills. PCC index of children at 4 years old was higher in the SCI group than in the BM group ($88.5{\pm}13.2%$ vs. $62{\pm}15.8%$, p=0.014). Earlier SCI was associated with even greater improvements. Conclusion Bilateral SCI is associated with significant improvements in language development when compared with bimodal stimulation. Earlier SCI was associated with better outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

The puropose of this study is to propose an effective diction training techniqe that conductors can use in choral communication. In chorus, the phonology of the language used in the lyrics influences the diction. Therefore, Korean lyrics must be pronounced according to Korean phonology. In verbal language, accuracy of pronunciation is important, but when expressing lyrics in a song, both vocalization and diction are important. In particular, chorus is sung by many people, so if the diction is not accurate, the lyrics will not be delivered properly. In this study, the dictions of lyrics frequently used in actual Korean choral songs were systematically analyzed according to Korean phonological rules. As a result of the study, the main factor that makes choral diction difficult is the phenomenon of phonological fluctuations in Korean. In particular, phonological fluctuations often occurred when pronouncing the final sound and when consonants and consonants were combined. A follow-up study intends to contribute to the development of choral communication by presenting a systematic choral diction based on Korean phonology.

• MALSORI
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• no.62
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• pp.33-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is 1) to investigate the phoneme inventories and phonological processes of cochlear implant(CI) children and 2) to describe their utterances using narrow phonetic transcription method. All ten subjects had more than 2 year-experience with CI and showed more than 85 % open-set sentence perception abilities. Average consonant accuracy was 81.36 % and it was improved up to 87.41% when distortion errors were not counted. They showed similar phonological processing patterns to HA or normal hearing children in some way as well as different phonological processing patterns from HA or normal hearing children. The prominent distortion error pattern was weakening of consonants. Every subject had his/her idiosyncratic error pattern that demanded his/her own individualized therapy program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.29B no.11
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• pp.22-30
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• 1992

Using Multi-Dimentional Scaling(MDS) method, this paper analyzes the differences of acoustic properties of Korean phonemes projected as distances on a plan space. The phonemes were extracted from mono-syllables frequently occurring in daily conversation. From the distances between vowels we found that the distances between vowels /∂/ and /w/, /o/ and /u/, and vowels /$\varepsilon$/ and /e/ were relatively too short separate automatically. From the analysis of consonants. we found short distances between 1) phonemes in each phoneme group, 2) nasals and liquid /r/ of work initial, 3) nasal /n,m/ and liquid /l/ of word finals. But nasals, liquids and plosives of word initials had enough distances to be separated from those of word finals in automatic recogniation.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2002

Aerodynamic analysis study was performed on 14 normal subjects(2 male, 12 female) by nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stop(/p, p', $p^{h}$) and their preceding and/or following vowel /i, a, u/. That is [pi, p'i, phi, pa, p'a, pha, pu, p'u, $p^{h}u$]. All measures were analysed using Aerophone II voice function analyzer and included peak air pressure, mean air pressure, maximum flow rate, volume, mean SPL. As results, first, MSPL and MAP of /p, p', $p^{h}$/ themselves were significantly different. In addition, different vowel enviroment also produced significantliy different aerodynamic chracteristics those consonants.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2004

The metrical structures in orally produced the poetry were generally analyzed by accent, metre and syllable. The purpose of this study is to investigate of metrical structures of Korean modem poetry using computer implemented speech analysis system. Two famous poet's poems confidential talk, Miloe and 'A buddhist dance, Sungmu' were selected for prosodic analysis. The informant is 60 years old professor in major of Korean and French poetry. The syllable structures of poems were analyzed primarily by vowel timbers, which can classified compact and diffuse vowels according to the distance of F2-F1. The perception cues of consonants were analyzed by VOT and tensity features of articulation. Rhythm is classified by dactyl, anapest, trochee, spondee and iambic. As a result, syllable structures of Korean modem poetry were mainly CV and CVC and the reading times of each lines were 3-4sec for 12 and 15 syllables. Main metre of Korean modem poems constructed the Imbic and Anapest. The break of each lines were demarcated by grammatical structure or meaning rather than phonetic structures.