• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study aims to uncover the gamers' cognitive process during the gameplay and explore the differences between groups in the gamers' playing behavior according to their expertise: experts, intermediate players, and novices. To this end, the empirical experiment was conducted in 'World of Warcraft' game which is a good representative of MMO(Massively Multi-player Online) game currently. Verbal protocol and action protocol collected from the empirical experiment were analyzed according to the gamers' expertise. As a result of this study, we found that the different behavior patterns result from standardizing pattern of their actions for experts and forming the learning curves and the specific patterns of action for intermediate game players and novices. While three functional-actions as a collection action concentrates on the early stage of the game for experts, the novices' behavior pattern dispersedly appeared in all seven functional-action, such as search, combat, three type collections, avoid, and communication in the whole gameplay. This study represents the consistency and the difference derived from the comparison analysis between groups according to the expertise. This study is concluded with key implications to support game design guidelines according to experts, intermediate players, and novices. Consequently, the result of this study provides the basic to the development of MMO content for game novices.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents of young children, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the developed scale. Methods: The scale was developed through construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. Participants were 465 parents and 178 children. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency, and split-half reliability. Results: Twenty items were categorized into three factors explaining 60.3% of total variance. Factors were named as withdrawal - 4 items, loss of control - 9 items, and persistence - 7 items. Scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, cell phone use, and cell phone addiction of children as measured by a scale for Korean children. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .94, and Guttman coefficient was .87. Scale scores identified children as high risk users, at risk users, or average users by standard scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cell phone addiction scale for Korean parents is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cell phone addiction in young children.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

Almost all companies have paid much attention to the safety management ranging from maintenance to operation even at the stage of designing in order to prevent accidents, but fatal accidents continue to increase throughout the world. In particular, it is essential to systematically prevent such fatal accidents as fire, explosion or leakage of toxic gas at factories in order to not only protect the workers and neighbors but also prevent economic losses and environmental pollution. Though it is well known that accident probability is very low in NPP(Nuclear Power Plants), the reason why many researches are still being performed about the accidents is the results may be so severe. HRA is the main process to make preparation for possibility of human error in designing of the NPP. But those techniques have some problems and limitation as follows; the evaluation sensitivity of those techniques are out of date. And the evaluation of human error is not coupled with the design process. Additionally, the scope of the human error which has to be included in reliability assessment should be expanded. This work focuses on the coincidence of human error and mechanical failure for some important performance shaping factors to propose a method for improving safety effectively of the process industries. In order to apply in these purposes into the thesis, I found 63 critical Performance Shaping Factors of the eight dimensions throughout studies that I executed earlier. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists(Personal Factors, Training, Knowledge or Experience, Procedures and Documentation, Information, Communications, HMI, Workplace Design, Quality of Environment, Team Factors) and the guideline for construction of PSF were accomplished. The selected method was AHP which simplifies objective conclusions by maintaining consistency. This research focused on the implementation process of PSF to evaluate the process of PSF at each phase. As a result, we propose an evaluation model of PSF as a tool to find critical problem at each phase and improve on how to resolve the problems found at each phase. This evaluation model makes it possible to extraction of PSF succesfully by presenting the basis of assessment which will be used by enterprises to minimize the trial and error of construction process of PSF.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.817-836
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• 2015

This research focuses on the development of gifted child behavior checklist which feasibly has application on the nation-wide gifted children observation-recommendation method. Corresponding measure has significance as it reflects actual observations of teachers teaching gifted children first-hand and involves measure of importance regarding each characteristic. An open survey on gifted children behavior characteristics lists and specific behavior patterns has been acquired from teachers in gifted education, and the checklist was developed through expert group review, pre-test, and confirmatory factor analysis process. The former checklists have shown several difficulties on application of observation-recommendation on the field due to behaviors that can't be observed in school, less important behaviors, and collide and duplicate behaviors etc. With regard to such problems, problematic clauses were removed based on the observation probability and importance of the behaviors. Ultimately, total of 32 behavior characteristic checklist consisting of ten sub factors(logical thinking, high achievement, originality, perfectionism, creative problem solving, curiosity, task commitment, conversation ability, creativity, passion) and two to three questions on each factor had been drawn. Through internal consistency test and item-total score correlation, each item of the measure has been analyzed to be consistently evaluating corresponding variables. In addition, the result of confirmatory factor analysis showed every item to be weighed appropriately on its sub-factor, strongly suggesting its feasibility on observation-recommendation of elementary gifted children as an appropriate checklist.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.427-450
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• 2012

This study was intended to develop a self-report wisdom scale for the elementary gifted students. For this, related literature was reviewed in depth and open ended questionnaire about the wisdom qualities was conducted. Based on these, a self-report wisdom scale, which was comprised of 42 items in 4 factors such as the situation judgment and problem-solving ability, the communication ability and skills, the emotional stability, the insight and adaptation, was developed. For this preliminary scale, 215 elementary gifted students were surveyed. And for the confirmatory factor analysis, 256 elementary gifted students participated. The results of the study were as follows. The fit of measurement model was found to be ${\chi}^2$=1596.46 (df=813, p=.00), TLI .90, CFI .91, RMSEA .046, indicating most of fit indexes were acceptable. The reliability for each of 42-item by the sub-factors also appeared to be good, showing that internal consistency reliability by the configuration factors was 0.86, .87, .89, .87 each relatively. In addition, to verify the validity of the wisdom scale, the convergent and discriminate validities were obtained through the correlation analysis among the psychological characteristics which were considered to be related to the wisdom. Finally, practical implications of the study were discussed in depth.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Objectives: This paper is intended to illustrate and to discuss the organization and functioning of community resident groups (CRGs) in a community-based participatory health promotion program for healthy aging. Methods: CRGs were convened in 12 government-subsidized apartment communities for low-income seniors in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., to promote healthy aging. Researchers facilitated CRG meetings following a 6-step process of community empowerment and utilizing a social ecological model for assessment and planning. Almost 200 project-related documents were qualitatively analyzed using matrix analysis principles such as cross-classification of multiple dimensions to identify patterns in the data and matrix building for displaying such patterns. Results: CRGs were venues at which apartment building residents could interact, discuss health priorities, and become change agents in their building. CRG members' community health priorities were about their daily living, including building conditions, poor access to fresh food, and unhealthy resident relations. Specific patterns arose in analysis indicating that leadership withing the CRGs, consistency of meetings and participants' attendance, and ability to link health concerns to daily experience impacted the CRGs' capability to identify and accomplish their goals. Conclusion: Community health issues and solutions to those issues identified by CRGs were unique to community contexts and interests. Consistent participation by community members, a consistent pattern of group activities such as monthly meetings, and having established leadership to manage CRG activities were prominent characteristics of community group functioning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2009

PME88 (gliadin-combined) melon superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to promote the production of the body‘s own natural antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PME88 melonSOD on the ultraviolet-induced photo-aging by the evolution of minimal erythemal dose (MED), erythema quotation and spectrocolorimetric measurements of erythema. The analysis of the evolution of the MED showed a significant increase 28 days after the daily taken of the PME88 melonSOD. The analysis of the erythema quotation showed that on D29, for the dose 1.25 MED, erythema intensity is significantly higher for placebo group than for PME88 melonSOD group. At doses 0.64 MED$_{D14}$, 0.80 MED$_{D14}$ and 1 MED$_{D14}$ the value of parameter $a^*$ (the most sensitive to the colour changes bound to the variations of blood flow. It permits to assess the evolution of erythema) is significantly higher for placebo group. No significant difference has been observed between groups (PME88 melonSOD and placebo) on the evolution of the number and consistency of feces after 4 weeks of treatment. No intolerance has been observed during the 4 weeks of treatment. These results mean that PME88 melonSOD as a dietary supplement could be useful to attenuate ultraviolet-induced skin photo-aging.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2001

A new scale named LCL(Logically Classified Level) has been developed to judge the status of the spasticity quantitatively implementing a pcndulum test in this study. Total 30 parameters have been used to develop the new scale. One representative parameter that can represent the dominant characteristics of spasticity has been chosen through statistical analysis. 20 parameters among 30 parameters uscd in the statistical analysis were newly developed and 10 parameters were from previous studies. The new 20 parametcrs were developed using combinations of pcndulum test characteristics. ie anglc, angular velocity. musclo midel. and EMG. 11 parameters among 30 parameters have showed strong correlations each other, Finally. L11 that showed consistency at every case has been chosen to be a representative parameter among the 11 parameters. 28 patients data were separated into 4 groups. A regression equation to predict the trend of patients of L11 has been made. The paramcter L11 was tested to prove its usabilitics for various cases of patients. The new LCL scale is expected to be a quantitative scale, and to replace the MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale) that is not a quantitative scale. Especially it is also expected that the new scale could be used to plan a treatmcnt period. methods, and intensity. as it can evaluate the status of patient's in detail.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.248-259
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• 2017

This descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify the factors influencing the uncertainty of patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms. One hundred and eleven patients were recruited from the chemotherapy clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected from July 25 to December 31, 2014, and analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, the Scheffe test, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS for Windows Version 18.0. The mean score of the uncertainty of the patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms was 2.61(${\pm}0.46$), which was higher than that of the patients with other diseases. The uncertainty was positively correlated with the seriousness of the illness (r=.74, p<.01) and consistency of the symptoms (r=.27, p<.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that the (main) factor influencing the uncertainty was the seriousness of the illness, which explained 54% of the uncertainty of the patients undergoing chemotherapy for lung neoplasms. As a result, nursing interventions are needed to reduce the uncertainty of lung neoplasm patients who are receiving chemotherapy. The seriousness of the illness should be considered when developing nursing interventions to reduce the uncertainty of lung neoplasm patients.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2017

In case of USA, the drilled shaft and the driven pile in the field showed a good correlation in the analysis of the bearing capacity between the dynamic load test and the static load test. However, in Korea, we mainly install the bored pile, which is not widely used overseas and we tried to confirm the reliability of the dynamic load test on the bored pile, because many people questioned the reliability of it. In this study, load tests were carried out on PHC bored piles in LH field (Cheonan, Incheon, Uijeongbu), and the bearing capacity of the dynamic load test (EOID 7times, Restrike 7times) and the static load test (7times) were compared and analyzed. As a result, the average of the bearing capacity of the static load test was 27% higher than that of the dynamic load test (reliability : 0.73, coefficient of variation : 0.3). And the average of the bearing capacity of the static load test (Davisson) was 27% higher than that of the bearing capacity of the dynamic load test (Davisson) (reliability : 0.73, coefficient of variation : 0.2). To reduce the difference between the bearing capacity of the dynamic load test and the static load test, we proposed modified bearing capacity of dynamic load test (base bearing capacity of EOID + skin frictional force of restrike) and difference between the bearing capacities was reduced to 9% (reliability : 0.91, coefficient of variation : 0.2). And the coefficient of variation was reduced to 0.2 and the consistency of analysis increased.