• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.51-65
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• 2023

The Jeongmaeks are Korea's unique forest space recognition system that diverged from the Baekdudaegan. The Jeongmaeks are easily exposed to pressure because it is adjacent to the living area. Among them, Nakdong-Jeongmaek has high biodiversity, but damage is accelerating. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2022, the target is to expand the area of terrestrial and marine protected areas to 30% of national territory by 2030. As of September 2023, the area of terrestrial protected areas in South Korea is only 16.97% of the country's territory. This is due in part to the high proportion of private forests in the region, which makes it difficult to establish protected areas. Therefore, there is a need to establish Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measure (OECMs), which pursue complex and effective conservation that considers multiple values, as an alternative to protected areas. This study aims to identify areas suitable for OECM and to provide opinions on the establishment of appropriate management plans for each value using SOM and InVEST Habitat Quality model. This study evaluated the habitat quality of 206 villages located within 1km of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek and compared the characteristics of villages classified by SOM. As a result, the habitat quality was 0.867 for Tourism village (ClusterIV), 0.838 for Conservation village (ClusterVI), 0.835 for Mixed village (ClusterI), 0.796 for Production (ClusterV), 0.731 for Rural village (ClusterIII) and 0.625 for Urban village (ClusterII). When the distribution was identified through statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the distributions were not identical, with a p-value of 1.53e-08. Dunn's test showed a difference between Tourism, Conservation and Rural, Urban village. However, Mixed village was overestimated due to the lack of villages and the small area included in the study area. Moreover, Conservation village was somewhat under-evaluated in the analysis due to the use of a single weight for protected areas. It is necessary to perform additional reinforcement of the value evaluation of Jeongmaeks by conducting Forest Resource Survey and the National Natural Environment Survey. Therefore, we believe that sufficient validity for the establishment of OECMs in the Nakdong-Jeongmaek can be provided by addressing these limitations and conducting additional research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2010

The Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) is a five grade assessment map created with nationally integrated environmental information and environmental values. The map is made through the evaluation of 67 items, including greenbelt area and bio-diversity. The ECVAM assesses the stability of the community using forest maps. However, the existing assessment method is problematic because the assessment grades are evaluated using higher than practical values; in part because it uses even-valued overlay and minimal indicator methods. This study was performed in order to suggest an integrated assessment method that could complement the stability evaluation based on existing methods. Accordingly, this study added forest type information, including whether the forest was natural or artificial, to the overlay method using forest diameter maps and forest density maps. As a result, the proposed ECVAM indicated a drastic grade change. After applying the method in South Korea, Grade I areas decreased 12.1%, from 52.6% to 40.6%, Grade II areas increased 11.9%, from 17.4% to 29.2%, and Grade III areas increased 0.2%, from 17.1% to 17.4%, respectively. From the results of the field survey, we found differences between natural forest and planted forest with regard to the number of mortality, species of shrubs, and vine cover. This means that natural forests are more stable than planted forests. This study suggests an improved assessment methodology to complement the existing EVCAM method. The results are expected to be used in environmental evaluations and forest conservation value assessments in ecology and environmental fields.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2021

We conducted an analysis of agroforestry system efficiency to conserve biodiversity in the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve (MFR) between March 2018 and June 2018. A synthesis of forest fragmentation data observed on multiple strata and scale satellite imageries over 31 years, between 1987 and 2018 as well as, the use of both a floristic and a faunal surveys, revealed that although 29.28% of natural forests was fragmented and converted to agroforests landscapes, banana and cocoa based agroforest appeared to perform the most relevant records in carbon storage and to attract wild terrestrial and avifauna. Analysis of NDVI, NDWI and Iron Oxyde helped monitor the vegetation cover of the reserve, and differentiate natural and fragmented classes, majority of conserved forest wetlands and agroforestry systems, and a minority of natural dryland forest. Further analysis also revealed significant correlations between NDVI and Shannon Index, and between NDVI and carbon stock. Based on the NDVI value and the equation Y=3.827×X-1.587 (where Y for the carbon stocks and X for NDVI value), we estimated the total carbon stock of the forest reserve at about 99557.6 tonnes, and its mean value at about 8.491 tons/ha. Nevertheless, environmental efforts to sustainably manage agroforestry landscape appear to be a relevant key to conserve wild biodiversity and mitigate climate change at the level of the Mbalmayo Forest Reserve. If anthropogenic activities have deeply changed the reserve's natural landscape, reduced its carbon sequestration performance, and wildlife conservation status, forest wetlands appear to remain its most conserved places and the best refuge for wild fauna still occurring in diverse strata of the MFR.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.475-483
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• 2017

This study attempted to investigate how the effectiveness of value-oriented promotion for media contents depends on self-construal and incorporated Schwartz' value system theory(1992) and Gutman's means-end chain theory(1982) into the development of hypotheses. It was expected that media content promotion emphasizing "openness to change" value would be more appealing to those with independent self-construal, whereas media content promotion emphasizing "conservation" value would be more appealing to those with interdependent self-construal. These hypotheses were generally supported in a series of experiments. Also, the dynamic relationship among the four primary value dimensions proposed by Schwartz (i.e., openness to change, conservation, self-enhancement, self-transcendence) was clearly validated in this study.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.439-450
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristics of the fillers made by epoxy resin (L-30) and filling epoxy resin (L-50) with talc, quartz sand and wollastonite with different mixture ratio of 5%, 50%, 80%, 120%, and 150%. The viscometer and colorimeter were used to measure the viscosity and chromaticity of the fillers. Additionally, IC and SEM were used to reveal characteristics of the filler, and checked ultrasonic wave velocity, compressive strength and contact angle to estimate the stability between the filler and stones which are essential for conservation treatments. The filler mixed with the talc had the lowest value in the ultrasonic wave velocity analysis, and its compressive strength decreased as the mixing rate of talc increased. On the other hand, wollastonite had higher values than others in the ultrasonic wave velocity and the compressive strength regardless of epoxy resin type, also, these values increased as mixing rate increased. The properties of the filler, which include the granularity and shape, have influence on characteristics of the stone conservation adhesives. Thus, the filler type, characteristic, and mixture ratio must be considered for effective conservation treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2012

The distribution, vegetation characteristics and an assessment of the conservation status of the Korea endemic species Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai were investigated to collect biological basic data to formulate a conservation strategy. According to the distribution map of C. hylomeconoides based on the literature, specimen information, and local field surveys, natural populations of C. hylomeconoides are intensively distributed in the Southern regions of the peninsula, around Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanan-do. C. hylomeconoides was distributed in the middle and low slope adjacent to a valley. The altitude ranged from 227 m to 744 m, with inclinations of $5-10^{\circ}$. As a result of a vegetation survey within natural populations, a total of 238 taxa were identified from 29 quadrates in 8 natural populations. The importance value of C. hylomeconoides is 25.34% based on the coverage and frequency of the herbaceous layer with in the populations. The species diversity of the occurrence of the species in 8 natural populations was 1.52, while the averages of species evenness and the dominance values were calculated to be 0.83 and 0.17, respectively. As a result of assessing the conservation status through IUCN Red List criteria, C. hylomeconoides was evaluated as Near Threatened (NT). Conservation strategies are also discussed for the sustainable conservation of C. hylomeconoides.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2007

This paper attempts to measure the environmental value of the Nakdong-river estuary, which is ecologically important but confronted with the threat of development. Especially, in order to elicit the environmental values of its four attributes, contingent valuation method(CVM) based on multi-attribute utility theory is applied and the CVM survey was rigorously designed to comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CVM studies. We surveyed a randomly selected sample of 400 and 350 households in Busan and six large cities(Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan), respectively and asked respondents questions in person-to-person interviews about how they would willing to pay for the estuary conservation and management program. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount(2,457 won in Busan and 3,560 won in six large cities), on average, per household per year, which implies that there exists a large difference between the two. The aggregate values of the Nakdong-river estuary in Busan and six large cities amount to 2.92 and 22.32 billion won, respectively, per year. In addition, expanding the values to Korea produces 51.34 billion won per year. The quantitative values can be utilized in planning and decision-making about development versus conservation of the estuary.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1654-1658
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• 2014

High value-added aromatic aldehydes (e.g. vanillin and syringaldehyde) were produced from heavy fraction of bio-oil (HFBO) via catalytic oxidation. The concept is based on the use of metalloporphyin as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) as oxidant under alkaline condition. The biomimetic catalyst cobalt(II)-sulfonated tetraphenylporphyrin ($Co(TPPS_4)$) was prepared and characterized. It exhibited relative high activity in the catalytic oxidation of HFBO. 4.57 wt % vanillin and 1.58 wt % syringaldehyde were obtained from catalytic oxidation of HFBO, compared to 2.6 wt % vanillin and 0.86 wt % syringaldehyde without $Co(TPPS_4)$. Moreover, a possible mechanism of HFBO oxidation using $Co(TPPS_4)/H_2O_2$ was proposed by the research of model compounds. The results showed that this is a promising and environmentally friendly method for production of aromatic aldehydes from HFBO under $Co(TPPS_4)/H_2O_2$ system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1552-1556
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate, through the use of microsatellite markers, the current genetic diversity and the relationships of 375 individuals from 8 local sheep breeds reared in typical breeding farms in the northwest of China, and moreover, to offer a contribution towards genetic conservation decisions for the studied breeds. The expected heterozygosities and allelic richness for the 8 breeds varied from 0.474 to 0.623 and from 3.8 to 5.4, respectively. All the populations showed a significant deficit in heterozygosity and a relatively low level of genetic diversity. Furthermore, the high positive FIS value (ranging from 0.255 to 0.556) indicated inbreeding to be one of the main causes for high genetic homogeneity and lack of heterozygosity in all breeds. The clustering analysis performed with the DISPAN package showed that Aletai, Kazak, Bashibai and Bayinbuluke were grouped together, and Hetian, Qira black and Duolang were grouped together, which indicated that the relationship among breeds displayed some degree of consistency with their geographical distribution, production and origin. These findings indicate that improved conservation measures must be undertaken to avoid further losses of genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding represented by these breeds.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.6
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• pp.17-29
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• 2005

Excavated costumes included clothing that had been buried together with the corpse and shroud and unearthed during the excavation or the process transferring the tomb. The remains may easily get damaged under a different condition from the burial place, having gone through the deterioration process together with the corpse. In particular, since they are vulnerable to microbial propagation, suitable storage and conservation treatment immediately after excavation are required. Although more of them are unearthed in various parts of the country owing to exponential land development activities, they are rarely preserved properly due to a lack of appreciation of their value and a dearth of expert. Therefore, scientific examination and emergency preservation measures for the excavated costumes shall be described.