• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2018

Different types of traditional Korean clothes (Hanbok) are appearing in the market with the increasing interest of culture consumers. In order to turn traditional Korean clothes into everyday clothes that adequately reflect various demands of culture consumers, it is important to satisfy both functional and emotional aspects of clothing. However, there is lack of existing studies on emotions of culture consumers while wearing traditional Korean clothes. In this study, 28 emotional words regarding traditional Korean clothes were extracted by applying the Delphi method and conformity rating survey to 182 emotional words reported in existing studies and references from areas such as psychology, linguistics, and sensibility engineering. The 28 selected emotional words can be used to express emotions felt by culture consumers about traditional Korean clothes. Also, words were grouped based on the correlation according to factor analysis. Based on common characteristics, the emotional words were classified into 6 categories of 'pleasure,' 'aesthetic sense,' 'harmony,' 'novelty,' 'likability,' and 'stability.' These 6 emotional categories were concluded to represent emotions of consumers about traditional Korean clothes. The 28 emotional words and 6 representative emotions noted in this study can be used as basic data for measuring emotions of culture consumers of traditional Korean clothes. A future study task is to design a detailed assessment scale to measure emotions of culture consumers about traditional Korean clothes using representative emotions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.34-45
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• 2018

The cleat system in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs is generally occupied by water which liberated during the coalification process, and behavior of water have influence on CBM production performance. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effect of the water saturation to operate the degasification process and predict the CBM production performance properly. In this study, type curve analyses were performed on CBM reservoirs under various water saturation to improve the prediction of production performance. A CBM reservoir models with fully-, modestly-, and undersaturated reservoir were built to get production data using GEM by CMG Ltd., and the data were matched with Fetkovich, Palacio-Blasingame(P-B), and Agarwal-Gardner (A-G) type curve. The results showed that undersaturated reservoir was successfully matched by A-G type curve, while the Fetkovich type curve was inappropriate for matching in the late time. The modestly saturated model could be almost corresponded with all the type curve methods at late production period. For the fully saturated model, after peak production had been reached, both P-B and A-G methods showed a proper match to the reservoir production data without long-term production period. Based on the results, merit and demerit of each type curve under specific water saturation were analyzed and listed. Therefore, it is believed that the production data analysis with proper type curve model considering water saturation can be performed to predict accurate production performance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 1997

Objective：This study was performed to identify and understand the characteristics of adolescents who had a history of police arrest and/or were adjudicated unruly/delinquent by the juvenile court. Method：The study employed a retrospective reivew of coumputer-recorded data set on 210 consecutive admissions to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit. Three groups(No Police Contact, N=115；Police Contact Only, N=60；Adjudicated, N=35) were compared on the areas of a) cognitive and educational performance b) emotion：anxiety, depression, suicidality c) personality d) family and life experiences. Standardized assessments were administered to all subjects using WISC-Ⅲ, Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory, Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, Revised-Chilren’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, Suicide Ideation Questionnarie, Suicide Behavior Interive, Life Events Checklist, and Family Environmental Scale. A subgroup of the subjects, 60 cases also received a standardized interview by Child Assessment Schedule. Results：The characteristic findings of the delinquent group(the police contact only and adjudicated subjects combined) included (1) a high rate of adoption, sexual promiscuity, out of home placement, and repeated psychiatric hospitalization, (2) low verbal IQ scores and educational achievements, (3) high impulsivity, low social conformity, and high forcefulness in personality inventory, (4) low activityrecreation orientation and low moral religious emphasis in family environment, (5)a high frequency of adverse life experiences, (6) among 3 groups, the Police Contact Only group showed the lowest depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation scores, (7) a high diagnostic frequency of conduct disorder, ODD, and ADHD. Conclusions：The adolescent psychiatric inpatients with a delinquent history presented with a certain clinical, family, psychometric characteristics that warrant specific clinical intervention strategies for their cognitive deficits, an impulsive personality style, family dysfunction with adverse life experiences and disruptive behavioral disorders, different from the rest of adolescent psychiatric inpatients.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2005

We investigated the quality of vaporized liquid of water-boiled pine needle in the aspects of drinking conformity and aroma characteristics. As a result, there was no hazardous component in the assessment for 45 types of ingredients. Especially, inorganic components such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) which are harmful to human body were not detected. Additionally, we observed that other ingredients were present within the standard level suitable for drinking. The total 34 volatile components of the vaporized liquid of water-boiled pine needle were identified by dynamic head-space method. Fenchol, bomeol $\beta-fenchyl$ alcohol and bomyl acetate were the major volatiles and composed of 6.7, 13.1, 26.6 and $16.2\%$ of total volatiles, respectively. In addition, the alcohols and aldehydes were the prominent ingredients of which the contents showed comparatively high.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.442-448
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• 2013

There are two approaches in measuring colors (or chromaticity) in water, i.e., visual comparison method and spectrophotometric method. The color of sample was determined by comparing with that of platinum-cobalt standard solution in the visual comparison method. Single or multiple wavelengths are used for the spectrophotometric method. As the accuracy and precision of visual comparison method depend on the eye sight of the analyzer, the results are not so reliable and representative. In addition, it is hard to measure chromaticity less than 5 TCU. Single wavelength approach in spectrophotometric method, can be applied for groundwater or surface water with natural organic matter (i.e., humic substances) while it's hard to measure the color of wastewater which includes anthropogenic chemical compounds. The measurements with multiple wavelengths approach resulted in reliable data regardless of the source of sample water, i.e., surface water and wastewater. As dozens of measurements and complicated calculations for one sample were required for the multiple wavelengths approach, the approach could not be applied for field measurement. In the present study, the authors tested efficient method which could measure the color of water sample accurately and precisely regardless of the source of water. With the colorimeter with multiple wavelengths and calculation program, the colors of water samples could be measured within 3~4 seconds with accuracy and precision.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

The present study investigated the characteristics of vertical sagging down of high temperature in chamber and characteristics of vertical sagging down in the outdoor asphalt sheet and asphalt seal under korea ltimate condition using asphalt seal products of solvent based type, solventless type, water dispersion type, and heat melting type, which are currently applied in Korea. Prior to the investigation of outdoor vertical sagging down characteristics, the assessment of sagging down performance of single use of sealing products at $20^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$ was conducted and the result showed that sagging down did not occur at $20^{\circ}C$ but some solventless type, water dispersion type specimens at $40^{\circ}C$ had sagging down up to 10 mm. In addition, some solventless type, water dispersion type specimens had sagging down up to 55 mm at $60^{\circ}C$. For specimens to which asphalt seal and renovated asphalt sheet were layered over the outdoor concrete vertical surface, sheet sagging and sagging down occurred up to 50 mm in water dispersion specimens after three month later since the construction in summer.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2022

Background: The biggest concern when using household chemical products is the health risk from inhalation exposure. Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to provide information necessary for estimating inhalation exposure factors in several countries/organizations and to present some examples. Methods: We attempted to use PRISMA-ScR for a systematic review, but no major reports were found. We used the Google search function instead to find 'exposure factor handbook'. As for the results, inhalation exposure factors from South Korea, the United States, Canada, the EU, Australia, Japan, and China were compared. Results: The basic concept and origin of exposure factors was the US Environmental Protection Agency's Exposure Factor Handbook. Its latest version is 2011, but several chapters have been updated in 2017, 2018, and 2019. South Korea's Exposure Factor Handbook was updated in 2019, more recently than those of other countries, and was systematically investigated. In South Korea, the average daily respiratory rate is 14.62 m³/day for adults and 12.73 m³/day for children. It is difficult to compare breathing rate by country because each country divides age groups differently and uses different methods to estimate it. Information on household chemical products, space used, and ventilation rate are in the exposure factor handbook in some countries and not in others. It is not in the handbook in South Korea, but in the notice from the NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), a sub-regulation of the Chemical Product Safety Act. Conclusions: The exposure factors registered in South Korea's exposure factor handbook have been systematically studied and reflect the most recent data. When using data not in the relevant handbook, data from other countries might be applied, but it should be determined whether the nature and quality of the original data have been managed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess a fire-damaged concrete structure using a digital camera and image processing software. To simulate it, mortar and paste samples of W/C=0.5(general strength) and 0.3(high strength) were put into an electric furnace and simulated from $100^{\circ}C$ to $1000^{\circ}C$. Here, the paste was processed into a powder to measure CIELAB chromaticity, and the samples were taken with a digital camera. The RGB chromaticity was measured by color intensity analyzer software. As a result, the residual compressive strength of W/C=0.5 and 0.3 was 87.2 % and 86.7 % at the heating temperature of $400^{\circ}C$. However there was a sudden decrease in strength at the temperature above $500^{\circ}C$, while the residual compressive strength of W/C=0.5 and 0.3 was 55.2 % and 51.9 % of residual strength. At the temperature $700^{\circ}C$ or higher, W/C=0.5 and W/C=0.3 show 26.3% and 27.8% of residual strength, so that the durability of the structure could not be secured. The results of $L^*a^*b$ color analysis show that $b^*$ increases rapidly after $700^{\circ}C$. It is analyzed that the intensity of yellow becomes strong after $700^{\circ}C$. Further, the RGB analysis found that the histogram kurtosis and frequency of Red and Green increases after $700^{\circ}C$. It is analyzed that number of Red and Green pixels are increased. Therefore, it is deemed possible to estimate the degree of damage by checking the change in yellow($b^*$ or R+G) when analyzing the chromaticity of the fire-damaged concrete structures.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness of Jaw-tracking(JT) technique in Intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) and Volumetric-modulated arc therapy(VMAT) for radiation therapy of esophageal cancer by analyzing volume dose of perimetrical normal organs along with the low-dose volume regions. Materials and Method: A total of 27 patients were selected who received radiation therapy for esophageal cancer with using $VitalBeam^{TM}$(Varian Medical System, U.S.A) in our hospital. Using Eclipse system(Ver. 13.6 Varian, U.S.A), radiation treatment planning was set up with Jaw-tracking technique(JT) and Non-Jaw-tracking technique(NJT), and was conducted for the patients with T-shaped Planning target volume(PTV), including Supraclavicular lymph nodes(SCL). PTV was classified into whether celiac area was included or not to identify the influence on the radiation field. To compare the treatment plans, Organ at risk(OAR) was defined to bilateral lung, heart, and spinal cord and evaluated for Conformity index(CI) and Homogeneity index(HI). Portal dosimetry was performed to verify a clinical application using Electronic portal imaging device(EPID) and Gamma analysis was performed with establishing thresholds of radiation field as a parameter, with various range of 0 %, 5 %, and 10 %. Results: All treatment plans were established on gamma pass rates of 95 % with 3 mm/3 % criteria. For a threshold of 10 %, both JT and NJT passed with rate of more than 95 % and both gamma passing rate decreased more than 1 % in IMRT as the low dose threshold decreased to 5 % and 0 %. For the case of JT in IMRT on PTV without celiac area, $V_5$ and $V_{10}$ of both lung showed a decrease by respectively 8.5 % and 5.3 % in average and up to 14.7 %. A $D_{mean}$ decreased by $72.3{\pm}51cGy$, while there was an increase in radiation dose reduction in PTV including celiac area. A $D_{mean}$ of heart decreased by $68.9{\pm}38.5cGy$ and that of spinal cord decreased by $39.7{\pm}30cGy$. For the case of JT in VMAT, $V_5$ decreased by 2.5 % in average in lungs, and also a little amount in heart and spinal cord. Radiation dose reduction of JT showed an increase when PTV includes celiac area in VMAT. Conclusion: In the radiation treatment planning for esophageal cancer, IMRT showed a significant decrease in $V_5$, and $V_{10}$ of both lungs when applying JT, and dose reduction was greater when the irradiated area in low-dose field is larger. Therefore, IMRT is more advantageous in applying JT than VMAT for radiation therapy of esophageal cancer and can protect the normal organs from MLC leakage and transmitted doses in low-dose field.