• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV in adult men and their acceptance of vaccination for HPV. Methods: A convenience sample of 229 men between 19 and 39 years of age, responded to self-report questionnaires on knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV, vaccination intention, and general and sexual characteristics. Data were collected during September and October, 2010 and analyzed using t-test, ${\chi}2$-test, and ANOVA. Results: Mean scores for knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV were 4.88, and 7.87 respectively. Seventy-five percent stated they intended to be vaccinated. There were significant differences in knowledge of cervical cancer depending on education (F=3.04, $p$=.030), sexual frequency (F=4.62, $p$=.011), condom use (t=2.19, $p$=.029), and frequency of condom use (F=3.28, $p$=.040), and in knowledge of HPV depending on sexually activity (t=2.35, $p$=.020), condom use (t=0.03, $p$=.019), and frequency of condom use (F=4.65, $p$=.011). There were significant differences in vaccination intention depending on education (${\chi}2$=10.47, $p$=.015), but sexual characteristics were not significant for vaccination intentions. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to consider levels of education and knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV in target populations of men, when planning a cervical cancer prevention education program for men.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.541-550
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• 1993

In order to investigate psychological and behavioral characteristics of homosexuals and to present evidence that homosexuals are in danger of HIV infection in Korea, this study was done by self-administered questionnaire and then direct interview with the 28 (35%) HIV infected homosexual/bisexuals of 79 HIV infected persons reported in 1992. Homosexuals without heterosexual activity were 9 and the others were bisexuals. Sixty-five percent of respondents had a guilty conscience for their homosexual activty. Twenty (71%) were in twenties and 5 (18%) in thirties. Twelve(43%) were detected via health card checking by health office, 21% by blood donation, 18% by hospital visit, and 7% by partner notification. Motivations for homosexual activity were curiosity (36%), temptation or recommendation (14%) and compulsion (11%). Eighteen (72%) never used condom on anal sex. Nine of 26 respondents had experience for anal sex with foreigners. Fourteen (54%) of 26 respondents had history for sexually transmitted diseases. Fighty percent did not have sexual contact after HIV infection and the others usually used condom. It was confirmed that over 57% of the respondents were infected within 1 year before HIV diagnosis and over 82% within 2 years. These data suggest that HTV infection among homosexual group is rapidly spreading.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.346-356
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to identify the Health beliefs of the vulnerable group on the prevention of STI and to identify the factors that influence prevention behavior. Methods: The participants were 241 of persons vulnerable to STI. A total of 241 questionnaires were collected by mail or in person through relevant workplace, group members, and visitors to public health centers with structured questionnaires. The SPSS 21.0 program was used to perform descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. Results: As a result, the level of perceived susceptibility was 2.70, perceived severity was 3.63, perceived benefits of condom use was 3.82, Perceived barriers of condom use was 2.45, self-efficacy of condom use 3.93 and prevention behavior of STI was 3.51 based on 5-point Likert scale. Condom use self-efficacy(��=.23, p=.003), perceived barriers of condom use(��=-.15, p=.035), and level of education(��=.16, p=.018) were important factors influencing STI prevention behavior and the regression model explained 17% of STI prevention. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop a systematic education program in consideration of factors influencing and improving awareness to prevent STI.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly associated with cervical cancer. So, the modification of the risk factors of HPV infection is essential for prevention of cervical cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors of HPV infection. Methods: HPV test of 12,337 study population conducted using Hybrid-Capture II assay(HC-II) and self-administered questionnaires were collected. The study population was people who visited hospital-based medical screening center from January to December 2007 and all were female employees or employees' partner. Results: In logistic regression analysis, smoking and alcohol drinking were significant factors, with odds ratios of 1.328 (95% CI 1.010~1.746) and 1.644 (95% CI 1.309~2.066), respectively. Nutritional supplements was also significant factor, which odds ratio was 1.161 (95% CI 1.004~1.343). Oral contraceptives was positive association with HPV infection (odds ratio 2.108; 95% CI 1.217~3.652), whereas condom was negative association (odds ratio 0.851; 95% CI 0.740~0.979). Conclusion: HPV Prevalence of 12,377 study population was 11.4%. Smoking, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplements and oral contraceptives were possible risk factors of HPV infection, and condom had possible preventive effect on HPV infection. Further prospective and comprehensive studies about HPV risk factors are required.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2018

Nitrosamines are the nitrosocompounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite, and has been found to be produced through the vulcanization process during the production of rubber products Recently, nitrosamines have been detected in rubber products and become a major topic. Condoms are disposable medical devices, so safety is important because they come into direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes. In this study, we developed an analytical method for nitrosamines in condoms by applying ISO 29941 method. The samples were eluted by distilled water, and target compounds were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. And then after concentrated, and quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The accuracies of the analytical method were ranged from 85.8 to 108.7%, precisions were lower than 11.5%, and the detection limits were from 0.11 (NDPA and NDBA) to 0.48 (NPYR) ng/mL. Among the 31 condom samples, NDBA was detected from 2 cases by extraction of distilled water, and NDMA were detected from 1 case, NDEA from 4 cases and NDBA from 26 cases by extraction of artificial saliva (pH 4.5). The total amount of nitrosamines in all samples were less than $500{\mu}g/kg$.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.273-274
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• 1995

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the adolescents' perceptions of AIDS by reviewing the research findings on adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about AIDS, and to provide basic data for the development of AIDS prevention education program. Literature for the analysis was searched by using the terms 'AIDS', 'HIV', 'Adolescent', 'Student'. Finally, 17 articles from Korea and 3 from abroad were analysed. Major conclusions were as follows: 1. For the knowledge level of AIDS, most of the adolescents knew the definition, high risk group, and infection rout of AIDS. On the contrary, the knowledge level of the treatment of AIDS was low. 2. For the attitudes toward AIDS, the level of perceived severity was high. But the level of perceived susceptibility found to be low. Middle and high school students showed more positive attitudes toward AIDS patients than college students. Attitudes toward AIDS prevention education program were positive, but taking the blood test for the detection of AIDS was negative. 3. The experience rates of AIDS Education were ranged from 13.6% to 60%. Major channel for getting AIDS information were TV, newspaper and radio. The experience rates of sexual intercourse were ranged from 4% to 48.3%. The intention of using condom was 66.7%, but the rate of condom use was 38.4%. AIDS infection rates have been increasing rapidly among teens in recent years. Therefore, It is urgent to identify the determinants affecting AIDS related perception and preventive behavior, and to develop the prevention program for AIDS.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

The reconstructive modalities for vaginal reconstruction include simple dilatation, skin graft, use of intestinal segments and various methods using flaps. However, skin grafting procedure is the most commonly used technique and the McIndoe procedure is a representative technique among skin grafting procedures. McIndoe procedure is easier, faster and has a lower morbidity compared to other techniques. However the conventional McIndoe procedure has several problems such as incomplete vestibule formation, excessive bleeding during dissection, possibility of recto-vaginal or urethro-vaginal fistula formation, late vaginal contracture and discomfort in wearing hard plastic mold for a long time after operation. To solve these problems, the authors modified the conventional McIndoe procedure in several perspectives. The undeveloped vestibule was incised with X-shaped mucosal incision between the urethral opening and posterior margin of the vestibule and deepened by blunt finger dissection to provide a sufficient diameter & length of the neovagina and to minimize bleeding. A sizable medium thickness split skin graft was harvested and wrapped over a roll gauze-filled condom mold. Applying multiple stab incision on the skin grafted condom mold, it was inserted into the prepared neovaginal canal. Distal margin of the skin graft was secured with tips of the mucosal flaps created by X-shaped vestibular incision to prevent accidental extrusion of the skin grafted mold. During last 15 years, we applied this modification to 20 vaginal agenesis patients and investigated results of the 12 patients who could be followed up serially including hematoma formation and skin graft survival rate, size, depth, presence of late contracture, appearance, comfortness, and hygiene of the neovagina. And they were compared with 8 patients of 20 patients who underwent conventional McIndoe procedures. The modified McIndoe procedure revealed lower complication rate, higher patient satisfaction and better functional results.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

Objectives: The study was designed to assess the trends of the incidence of HIV among young people and their sexual risk-taking behaviors by gender in Korean college students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was used from college students from selected 60 among 208 4-year colleges and universities in 9 provinces and Seoul. A self-reported anonymous questionnaire administered and completed to a national representative sample of 4-year college students from May 15th to June 14th in 2003. We analyzed 2,385 cases. The overall response rate was 82.0%. Results: After controlling age effects, male students were more likely to be sexually experienced than female students(40.0% vs. 8.1%), OR=5.5, p<.000. The proportions of 19 years and before reported for initiation of sexual intercourse were 18.6% for males and 3.2% for females. Males reported significantly younger ages than females at initiation of sexual intercourse(p<.01). Only 14.8% of current sexually active subjects reported consistent use of contraceptive methods. After controlling age effects, male students reported a higher proportion of sexually experienced respondents with one or more casual partners(excluding a formal partner) during the last 12 months than women(38.8% vs. 22.2%), OR=2.2, p<. 05. Conclusion : This study can conclude that although males students initiate sex earlier and have higher percentage of sexual experience, the percentage of sexually experience female students has risen rapidly compared to the past. This data revealed a number of young people were at risk for HIV infection. Both genders are equally likely to have engaged in inconsistent condom use even though when they have a sex with an unknown partner. These findings suggest that practical sex education focused on using condom use should have been included in the school curricular. Educational and community interventions need to prevent sex-related problems.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 2011

Modeling and analysis of high-dimensional spectral data provide an opportunity to uncover inherent patterns in various information-rich data. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) a preprocessing technique has been widely used to remove unwanted variations of spectral data that do not contribute to prediction or classification. In the present study we propose a novel OSC algorithm called adjusted direct OSC to improve visualization and the ability of classification. Experimental results with real mass spectral data from condom lubricants demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.