• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

To investigate the mechanical behavior of the post-tensioned prestressed concrete lining (PPCL), the desilting tunnel of the Xiaolangdi Hydro Project in China is adopted as a case, and a detailed three-dimensional continuum model verified by the observation results is established for the PPCL. The radial stresses, longitudinal stresses, axial forces and bending moments of the PPCL under the completed cable tension condition (CCTC) and design water pressure condition (DWPC) are analyzed, respectively. The numerical results reveal that the PPCL concrete is significantly compressed in the circumferential direction by the prestress, while the prestress has a negligible influence on the radial stresses of the PPCL concrete. It should be noted that the concrete near the anchor slots has a complex and adverse stress state with stress concentration, longitudinal tensioning and large bending moment. In addition, a simplified shell model and a further simplified beam model which can take the influences of the prestress loss and the anchor slot into consideration are proposed for the PPCL. The results of the simplified models are in a good agreement with these of the three-dimensional continuum model, and they can be used as efficient approaches for the structural design and analysis of the PPCL.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2016

An anchorage system is necessary in most reinforced concrete structures for connecting attachments. It is very important to predict the strength of the anchor to safely maintain the attachments to the structures. However, according to experimental results, the existing design codes are not appropriate for large anchors because they offer prediction equations only for small size anchors with diameters under 50 mm. In this paper, a new prediction model for breakout shear strength is suggested from experimental results considering the characteristics of large anchors, such as the prying effect and size effect. The proposed equations by regression analysis of the derived model equations based on the prying effect and size effect can reasonably be used to predict the breakout shear strength of not only ordinary small size anchors but also large size anchors.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2005

Experimental research was conducted to investigate the characteristic of various CFRP strengthening methods. A total of 4 specimens of 3.3m length were tested in four point bending after strengthening them with externally bonded CFRP plates. The CFRP plates were bonded without prestress or with prestress levels of CFRP plate strain $0.5\%$. The non-prestressed specimen without anchor plate failed by separation of the plate from the beam due to premature debonding while the non-prestressed specimen with anchor plate failed by CFRP fracture and showed the significant increase of ductility capacity. In addition, the prestressed specimens failed by concrete compression failure. The maximum load and ductility capacity were most significantly increased.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.461-464
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• 2004

External prestressing method is the most papular method to strengthen concrete structures. The key parts of external prestressing method is an anchoring device which holds the prestressing cables. The most popular anchoring devices is an end bearing type, which has to be welded at site to assamble the anchor. The welding at site has a significant Quality problem. In this paper, new anchoring system has been developed, which needs no site welding. A design method for the new anchor has been proposed and developed to optimize the anchoring system. The developed anchors are very efficient, small, and compact, which have two types, one for abutment section and the other one for pier section. The anchors are expected to be used very widely, because of its convinience.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

앵커두부에서의 많은 문제점들은 앵커두부가 외부에 노출되어 풍화에 직접적인 영향을 받고, 진동이나 외력에 의해 물리적인 변형과 손상을 많이 받기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수압판 방식의 파괴원인을 분석하여 앵커두부에서 발생하는 문제점 해결을 위해 앵커두부의 지표면 근입방식을 제시하였다. 앵커두부처리 방식의 안정성을 기존방식과 비교, 검토하기 위하여 범용해석프로그램인 ABAQUS로 3차원 정밀 수치해석을 수행하여 하중조건에 따른 변위 및 응력분포양상을 분석하였고, 현장 적용성 검증을 위한 시험시공과 계측을 통해 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 수치해석 결과는 최대수직응력이 9.73 MPa, 수직변위가 1.34 mm로 나타났고, 현장시험을 통하여 콘크리트 수압판의 변위가 근입형 지압판에 비해 3~4배의 큰 변위량을 보인다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2018

Post-tensioning (PT) tendons are commonly used for the assembly of modularized concrete members, and tension is applied to the tendons during construction to facilitate the integrated behavior of the members. However, the tension in a PT tendon decreases over time due to steel corrosion and concrete creep, and consequently, the stress on the anchor head that secures the PT tendon also diminishes. This study proposes an automatic detection system to identify tension reduction in a PT tendon using pulsed-eddy-current (PEC) measurement. An eddy-current sensor is installed on the surface of the steel anchor head. The sensor creates a pulsed excitation to the driving coil and measures the resulting PEC response using the pick-up coil. The basic premise is that the tension reduction of a PT tendon results in stress reduction on the anchor head surface and a change in the PEC intensity measured by the pick-up coil. Thus, PEC measurement is used to detect the reduction of the anchor head stress and consequently the reduction of the PT tendon force below a certain threshold value. The advantages of the proposed PEC-based tension-reduction-detection (PTRD) system are (1) a low-cost (< $ 30), low-power (< 2 Watts) sensor, (2) a short inspection time (< 10 seconds), (3) high reliability and (4) the potential for embedded sensing. A 3.3 m long full-scale monostrand PT tendon was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed PTRD system. The PT tendon was tensioned to 180 kN using a custom universal tensile machine, and the tension was decreased to 0 kN at 20 kN intervals. At each tension, the PEC responses were measured, and tension reduction was successfully detected.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 포장에 횡방향으로 프리스트레싱을 가할 때 포장체에 발생하는 응력분포를 분석하여 긴장간격에 따른 특성을 파악하고 종방향과 횡방향 긴장의 상호 영향을 분석하기 위하여 유한요소 모델을 개발하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 횡방향 긴장간격은 작을수록 응력분배를 적절하게 할 수 있고 압축응력의 손실범위를 줄일 수 있으나 경제성 문제를 제고하여 적절한 긴장간격을 선정하여야 한다. 포장체의 노견, 주행위치, 중앙부 등의 여러 위치에서 분석한 횡방향 응력분포는 긴장간격이 넓을수록 평균응력과의 차이가 커지며 그 차이는 슬래브 중앙부로 갈수록 감소하게 된다. 횡방향 긴장을 가하면 종방향으로도 추가 긴장력 이 발생하게 되지만 그 크기는 무시 할 수 있을 정도로 작기 때문에 종횡방향 긴장 설계는 독립적으로 수행하여도 타당하다. 또한 횡방향 긴장 설계 시 이러한 긴장에 의한 응력분포를 이용하는 방안에 대해서도 본 논문에 언급하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 콘크리트 기둥에 새로운 보강방법을 제시하여 반복하중에 대한 구조적인 성능시험을 하였다. 두 개의 콘크리트 기둥에 고성능 탄소섬유 다발을 이용하여 X자 형태의 보강을 실시하고, 기둥의 내부에 X-브레이싱을 고정하기 위해 기둥 단면을 천공하여 탄소섬유 다발을 기둥에 삽입한 후 탄소섬유로 단부를 감싸주는 새로운 보강방법인 탄소섬유 앵커 X-브레이싱 보강공법을 이용해 콘크리트 기둥의 구조성능과 보강효과를 시험을 통하여 규명하였다. 이를 위해 탄소섬유로 보강된 휨 파괴형 실험체 기둥과 전단 파괴형 실험체 기둥을 축소모형으로 각각 제작하였다. 휨과 전단저항 기둥에 대해 X-브레이스 보강 유, 무 실험체에 반복하중시험을 통해 기둥의 연성과 강도 보강효과를 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.839-856
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• 2012

To enable remodeling of the exterior of buildings more convenient, such finishing materials as curtain walls, metal panels, concrete panels or dry stones need to be easily detached. In this respect, this study proposed a new design of the slab for the purposes. In the new design, the sides of the slab were properly modified, and the capabilities of anchors fixed in the modified slab were experimentally tested. In details, a number of concrete specimens with different sizes and compressive strengths were prepared, and the effect of anchors with different diameters and embedment depths applied in the concrete specimens were tested. The test results of the maximum capacities of the anchors were compared with the number of current design codes and the stress distribution was identified. This study found that the embedment depth specified in the current design code (ACI318-08) should be revised to be more than 1.5 times the edge distance. However, with the steel sheet reinforcement, the experiment acquired higher tensile strength than the design code proposed. In addition, for two types of specimens in the tensile strength experiment, the current design code (ACI 318-08) is overestimated for the anchor depth of 75 mm. This study demonstrated that the ideal breakout failure was attainable for the side slot details of a slab with more than 180 mm of a slab thickness and less than 75 mm of an anchor embedment depth. It is expected that these details of the modified slab can be specified in the upgraded construction design codes.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2002

A research on the performance of retrofit anchors was conducted using adhesives for rehabilitation. From the pull-out tests of the chemical anchors, the effect of the hole diameter, spacer, temperature, moisture, embedment depth, and aging time were investigated. The spacer did not directly increased the pull-out load hilt increased post-yielding resistance therefore the ductility of the retrofit anchors. When the hole was cleaned and dried after the immersion, the pull-out load was greatly increased compared to the wet hole. A design equation was unposed depending on the embedment depth of the anchor bolt.