• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.19 no.1E
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

Addition of latex to concrete is known to increase its durability and permeability. The purpose of this study is to analyze air void systems in latex-modified concretes using a reasonable and objective method of image analysis with such experimental variables as water-cement (w/c) ratios, latex contents (0%, 15%) and cement types (ordinary portland cement (OPC), high-early strength (HES) cement and very-early strength (VES) cement). The results are analyzed by spacing factor, air volume (content) after hardening, air void distribution and structure. Additionally, air void systems and permeability of latex-modified concrete (LMC) are compared by a correlation analysis. The results are as follows. The LMC of the same w/c ratio showed better air entraining (AE) effect than OPC with AE water reducer. The VES-LMC showed that the quantity of entrained air below $100{\mu}m$ increased more than four times. For the case of HES-LMC, microscopic entrained air between the range of 50 to $500{\mu}m$ increased greater than 7 times even in the absence of anti-foamer. Although spacing factor was measured rather low, the permeability of latex-modified concrete was good. It is construed that air void system does not have a considerable effect on the property of latex-modified concrete, but latex film (membrane) has a definite influence on the durability of LMC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.403-408
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• 2000

Hardened concrete contains pores of varying types and sizes, and therefore the transport of air through concrete can be considered. The rate of permeability will not only depend on the continuity of pores, but also on the moisture contents in concrete. In this paper, the effects of curing conditions and moisture content ratios on the carbonation and air permeability are investigated according to the accelerated carbonation test. The results are follows. 1) Compressive strength, carbonation velocity and air permeability are influenced by the moisture content and curing method. 2) The relationship between carbonation velocity coefficient and air permeability coefficient has been quite well established.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2001

Hardened concrete contains pores of varying types and sizes, and therefore the transport of air through concrete can be considered. The rate of permeability will not only depends on the continuity of pores, but also on the moisture contents in concrete and finishing material on concrete. Also it knows that the durability of reinforced concrete structure is concerned with air permeability which effects on the carbonation occurred by invasion of CO2 gas and the corrosion of steel bar occurred by O$_2$. In this paper, the effects of curing conditions and finishing materials on carbonation and air permeability are investigated according to the accelerated carbonation test. As results, carbonation velocity and air permeability are effected by curing conditions and finishing materials, and air permeability coefficient is effected by moisture content. Also the relationship between carbonation velocity coefficients and air permeability coefficients has been quite well established.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 1995

The permeability of concrete is closely related to the durability and the latter may be expressed by measuring permeability of concrete. According to the results, the permeability of fly ash concrete was lower than that of OPC(PC1) concrete and decreased with increasing fly ash levels(l5%, 30% and 45%). The permeability values of concrete cured in water is significantly lower than those of concrete cured in air, but the differences were reduced with increasing fly ash level. In comparison with OPC(PC1) concrete and high fly ash concrete containing enhanced early strength cements, the latter also had a lower permeability than the former. The permeability of concrete cured in water was decreased with curing time(28 and 180 days) irrespectwe of cement types. However, the trend of results cured in air was opposite to that cured in water due to the rnicrocrackinp: of concrete. It was found that the properties of strength and permeability of concrete were related each other. However, the permeability of concrete was more dependant upon the type of binder used in concrete.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

PURPOSES : In this study, an image analysis method is used to evaluate the pore structure characteristics and permeability of hybrid concrete. METHODS : The binder weight of hybrid concrete is set to $400kg/m^3$, $370kg/m^3$, and $350kg/m^3$, and for each value of binder weight, the pore structure and permeability of concrete mixture is evaluated. The permeability of hybrid concrete is evaluated using a rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT). RESULTS : The concrete pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete reveals that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. The permeability of the hybrid concrete for all values was measured to be below 1000 C, which indicates a "Very Low" level of permeability relative to the evaluation standard of KS F 2711. Additionally, as the binder weight is decreased, there is a significant increase in the permeability of chloride ions. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete at different binder weights shows that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. Consequently, chloride ion penetration resistance of the hybrid concrete is diminished. As a result, it is expected that this will reduce the concrete's durability.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 1999

The effects of superplasticizers on fresh and hardened concrete were investigated. The experimental program included tests on the workability and slump loss, bleeding, setting time, air content, compressive, tensile and flexural strength, permeability, shrinkage, freeze-thaw durability and creep deformation. Properties of superplasticized concrete were compared with those of conventional and base concretes. Superplasticizers were observed to have an appreciable fluidifying action in fresh concrete. They permitted a significant water reduction while maintaining the same workability. Bleeding of superplasticized concrete was much lower than that of conventional concrete of the same consistency. This indicates that the use of superplasticizers did not affect the tendency of segregation of fresh concrete. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of superplasticized concrete were significantly higher than those of conventional concrete. The permeability and drying shrinkage and creep of superplasticized concrete were less than those of conventional concrete, but there were no significant differences between base and superplasticized concrete. Compared with base concrete, non-air-entrained superplasticized concrete had slightly higher freeze-thaw durability. and superplasticized concrete with an appropriate amount of entrained air Eave even better resistance to freezing and thawing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.700-703
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• 2000

With respect to durability, the impotance of carbonation lies in the fact that it reduces the pH on the pore water in hardened concrete. However, the carbonation velocity is effected by the water/cement ratio, materials, unit cement weight, porosity, kinds of finishing materials, accuracy of constructing, environmental factors and so on. And the air permeability is closely related to the carbonation velocity because it represents the properties of concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the carbonation effected by air permeability n mortar and concrete. As a result, it was found that the carbonation velocity of concrete is faster than that of mortar and it is possible to predict the carbonation velocity using air permeability.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.403-412
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• 1994

The durability of concrete is related to the permeation characteristics of its near surface. An attempt was made to use the permeation characteristics namely, absorptivity, permeability and diffusivity, to predict the freeze/thaw resistance of concrete. Test results indicate that in general, there was a trend that freeze/thaw resistance of concrete was enhanced with improved absorptivity and diffusivity whilst the freeze/thaw resistance of normal concrete was found to have the best relationship with its intrinsic permeability. The latter method is therefore proposed to be adopted to predict freeze/thaw resistance of normal concrete. Since Figg air test is an inexpensive and simple test method that measures indirectly the intrinsic permeability of concrete, it is further proposed that it could be used as a quality control tool to assess, non-destructively, the freeze/thaw durability potential of in-situ concrete.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.62-65
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• 2003

In this study, to confirm corrosion of reinforced concrete affected by carbonation, chloride ion diffusion, absorption ratio, air permeability, measured carbonation velocity coefficient, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, absorption coefficient, air permeability coefficient. Corrosion velocity under environment of complex deterioration. And than compared corrosion velocity with these coefficients. As the results of this study, the correlation coefficient between chloride ion diffusion coefficients and absorption coefficient was revealed that it is very high. As well, an increase in carbonation, chloride ion diffusion also increases corrosion velocity. It showed that corrosion velocity was affected by the carbonation, chloride ion diffusion, absorption ratio, air permeability. Generally, data on the development of these coefficient made with none, organic B, organic A, inorganic B, and inorganic A is shown. It showed that coating of surface prevent steel bar from deteriorating.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.439-444
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• 2001

In many countries a considerable amount of demolition wastes is generated and wastes concrete constitutes a significant proportion of the construction waste. Therefore, the necessity for the use of recycled aggregate in concrete arise and the reuse of a waste concrete may solve the problems of environmental pollution and shortage of natural aggregate. The Purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of the recycled aggregate on the compressive strength, the permeability and the air-void system.