• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties of teachers and students on the unit about 'measuring weight.' In this research, we have acquired data about teachers through survey, interview, and self-reflection journals, at the same time we have collected information on the students through survey, assessment test, and interview. We have extracted the difficulties from analysis with constant comparison method. In addition, we have analysed the curriculum of science and mathematics to know the leaning sequence. The analysis had been checked up by experts in science education. The result of the study is as follows: The difficulties of teachers are from the lack of teachers' descriptive knowledge, disorder of conceptual hierarchy in the curriculum, poor experimental instruments, and low psychomotor skill of students. The difficulties of students are from common misconceptions, opaque concepts, lack of manipulation skill, insufficiency of mathematical ability, difficulty of application of principles to the real situation, and lack of problem-solving ability. In addition, teachers have recognized that students face more difficulties in experiment class, while students think that they face more difficulties in conceptual understanding class.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-141
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to develop a web-based Virtual Learning System for discrete mathematics learning using CAS (Computer Algebra System), The system contains a series of contents that are common between secondary und university curriculum in discrete mathematics such as sets, relations, matrices, graphs etc. We designed and developed web-based virtual learning contents contained in the proposed system based on Mathematia, webMathematica and phpMath taking advantages of rapid computation and visualization. The virtual learning system for discrete math provides movie lectures and 'practice mode' authored with phpMath in order to enhance conceptual understanding of each movie lesson. In particular, matrix learning is facilitated with conceptual diagram that provides interactive quizzes. Once the quiz results are submitted, Bayesian inference network diagnoses strong and weak parts of learning nodes for generating diagnostic reports to facilitate personalized learning. As part of formative evaluation, the overall responses were collected for future revision of the system with 10 university students.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.491-513
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• 2001

It has not been a long time since a comparative advertising was emphasized in the advertising industry and academics. The issue is whether comparative advertising is more effective than noncomparative advertising, and if it is true, then under what conditions it is more effective. Based upon previous research results and expertises' opinions, the authors try to figure out the hierarchy of comparative advertising effect and its determinants. The objective of this exploratory study is to develop a conceptual model on comparative advertising effect and research propositions. This model would provide us with broader understanding on comparative advertising, practical guidelines for comparative advertisement production, and foundations of developing more detailed model on comparative advertising effectiveness.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.186-202
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply materials to teach about reflection of light by peer instruction. These which consist of both hands-on experiments and ConcepTests based on students' preconceptions found in previous researches are inducing active interaction between peers during instruction. Data from 29 university students were rate of correct answer of pre and post tests, results of conceptests before and after peer discussion, homework for strengthening their conceptual changes, and RTOP result for analysis of learners' perception about this method. Learners' preconceptions on reflection of light and position of image are changed effectively into scientific concepts. And they evaluate this teaching method helps conceptual understanding and interaction of an instructor and learners.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.273-282
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• 2005

In this study, we proposed Context Cube as a conceptual model of user context, and a Multi-modal Interaction Design framework to develop ubiquitous service through understanding user context and analyzing correlation between context awareness and multi-modality, which are to help infer the meaning of context and offer services to meet user needs. And we developed a case study to verify Context Cube's validity and proposed interaction design framework to derive personalized ubiquitous service. We could understand context awareness as information properties which consists of basic activity, location of a user and devices(environment), time, and daily schedule of a user. And it enables us to construct three-dimensional conceptual model, Context Cube. Also, we developed ubiquitous interaction design process which encloses multi-modal interaction design by studying the features of user interaction presented on Context Cube.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.86-98
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• 1994

We have examined the development and conceptual definition of shamanism and divination through significant characteristics of various illnesses. However, the terrminology has been inconsistent and its real conceptual meaning is not well defined. Divination is a historically dominant religious practice which represents the core of Korean folk culture. Despite prevalent prejudice toward its primitive nature, we cannot deny its profound relationship to our unconscious, especially our reliance on its religious role whenever we face crisis or conflict. It is therefore appropriate to use the term divination in this context. Shamanism originated as humanity's oldest mode of communication with divine - a religion, The shaman is not a sorceress but a priestess, a healer, a spritual guide, a leader, a mystic, traditionally having a different significance from that of the contemporary diviner or "shaman". The traditional concept of illness has been profoundly altered to serve new functions: while the shamanistic view is based upon spiritual abduction, divination on the other hand invokes concepts of spiritual invasion phenomena such as spirit intrusion, taboo violations, soul loss, object instrusion, deviations from the appropriate spiritual path besiegement, and curess or predestination (the idea that the sufferer is born with his fate), We should therefore try to understand divination from a more holistic point of view, rather than attempting to fit it into the standrd medical illness. We must recognize divination as a phenomenon within our culture, since most people have a mixed conception of illness arising from a combination of divinational and modem concepts, Since divination's humanistic approach is ingrained in our people, to irresponsibly ignore the spiritual aspects of treatment would exert a negative influence on our culture, Especially now, while attraction is focused on Korean culture and its influence on every aspect of our livies, it is important for nurses to expand our horizons in order to create a way of nursing more suitable to Korean culture. Increased importance is now being given to the opinions of patients themselves about their own illness and health, so nurses should seek to understand how patients accept their illness and what particular kinds of help they expect to receive. Consequently, an understanding of traditional divinations will enable us to utilize these characteristics on the job in order to enhance nursing care.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.273-289
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• 2001

Given that the culture of the mathematics classroom has been perceived as an important topic in mathematics education research, this paper deals with the construct of sociomathematical norms which can be used as an analytical tool in understanding classroom mathematical culture. This paper first reviews the theoretical foundations of the construct such as symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology, and describes the actual classroom contexts in which social and sociomathematical norms were originally identified. This paper then provides a critical analysis of the previous studies with regard to sociomathematical norms. Whereas such studies analyze how sociomathematical norms become constituted and stabilized in the specific classroom contexts, they tend to briefly document sociomathematical norms mainly as a precursor to the detailed analysis of classroom mathematical practice. This paper reveals that the trend stems from the following two facts. First, the construct of sociomathematical norms evolved out of a classroom teaching experiment in which Cobb and his colleagues attempted to account for students' conceptual loaming as it occurred in the social context of an inquiry mathematics classroom. Second, the researchers' main role was to design instructional devices and sequences of specific mathematical content and to support the classroom teacher to foster students' mathematical learning using those sequences Given the limitations in terms of the utility of sociomathematical norms, this paper suggests the possibility of positioning the sociomathematical norms construct as more centrally reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement in collective classroom processes and predicting their conceptual teaming opportunities. This notion reflects the fact that the construct of sociomathematical norms is intended to capture the essence of the mathematical microculture established in a classroom community rather than its general social structure. The notion also allows us to see a teacher as promoting sociomathematical norms to the extent that she or he attends to concordance between the social processes of the classroom, and the characteristically mathematical ways of engaging. In this way, the construct of sociomathematical norms include, but in no ways needs to be limited to, teacher's mediation of mathematics discussions.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2005

This Study suggests some ideas how we develop a network of content structure based on informal context and method how we decide a sequence of mathematical syllabus from those Structures. 10th grade students in the process conceptual development was observed and interviewed in 2 hour teaching and learning experiment. Three related characteristics of student's thought in structuring math. Content and sequencing it were investigated as follows : (a) the reasoning that they do reflective abstraction well(or do not well) in acquisition of conceptual knowledge. (b) the method that teacher can use resuits in (a) to organize the content structure. (c) the ways that teacher find the process knowledge in informal content structure. That is, this study investigated the way we, curriculum designer, can create well defined content structure and instructional sequence strongly based on the learners' understanding.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.395-404
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• 2012

The categorization of libraries into several types supports an understanding of the concept of library and also provides a framework for the practice of library management, such as planning and management. Although a 4-type categorization with public, academic, special, and school libraries is the most traditional and general approach to categorization, the definition of each type has been set enumeratively and inductively, so that it has weaknesses in its clarity between categories and in its applicability to a new environment. In this conceptual paper, deductive and analytical criteria for the 4-type categorization are suggested based on characteristics of information needs. Implications of the suggestions about library management, and especially, the meaning and impact of stakeholders on library management are discussed. Additionally, this paper attempts to put forth a conceptual link between library and information.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.211-239
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to explore a common characteristic of the diverse oriental images mainly from the figurative point of view, and apply it to the contemporary expressions and methods of painting. To do that, I separated the concept of figure into two factors - form and image - and then approached and solved the problems of figure by explaining the two factors respectively. Separating form from image is neither to set two factors against each other nor to isolate any of those values. It is worth dividing the form and the image not only because the image of the oriental painting has a figurative value constituted from an external frame of the form, but also because it has a close connection with the meaning that the form holds inside. These are the reasons why I conceptualize the individual language of form and image. Furthermore, I attempted to investigate how those two factors and mutual relations between them make real figurative images under the principle of harmony and coexistence. The theme of this thesis - the figurative aesthetics and its contemporaneity in the oriental paintings is analyzed based on the understanding of 'figure' within the framework of oriental paintings. A research of image from the figurative point of view is valuable in that it criticizes the past method of thinking, and proposes an alternative formula for new way of thinking. In this regard, I indicated the limit of the theory of form-and-spirit that has been one of the most important conceptual theories . Instead, I' accessed to various aesthetic concepts - that are created in the course of image formulation - from the actual figurative point of view, and then even interpreted it as a figurative value of the oriental paintings and it's application within the specific and practical scope. During the course of research, I explored the conceptual elements of the tradition and the principle of figuration. I expect this study to make a footstone for bringing traditional aesthetics to the contemporary context of oriental painting.